Macro hw 12
Economic growth occurs when
a nation's capacity to produce increases.
When calculating the factors which have led to economic growth over the last century, technological change is calculated as:
a residual, inferred as the leftover growth after accounting for the contributions of other factors.
the following will increase labor's productivity?
education, technology, and new capital
Roads, telephone lines, power facilities, and schools are examples of a nation's
infrastructure
If the rate of growth of output is 10% and the rate of growth of per capita real GDP is 6%, what is the rate of growth of population?
4
Which of the following statements concerning saving is true?
An increase in the rate of saving decreases gross domestic income by reducing current consumption but increases current and future gross domestic income through investment in capital goods.
What is the difference between economic growth and economic development?
Economic growth implies quantitative changes in productive processes whereas economic development requires widespread structural changes in the way people live.
Which of the following is a flaw in Malthus' population theory?
His belief that any increase in income would boost population growth failed to take into account the fact that higher incomes increase this opportunity cost and therefore reduces the number of children people want.
In the long run, economic growth will lead to the opportunity to produce more consumer goods. the opportunity to produce more capital goods. a higher material standard of living. a more equitable distribution of income.
I, II, and III only
Economic growth is an exponential process. What does this mean?
It means that small differences in sustained growth rates have significant effects on a nation's real income over long periods of time.
Suppose real GDPs in Hauck and Meran are identical at $10 trillion in 2000. Suppose Hauck's economic growth rate is 2% and Meran's is 4% and the rates remain constant over time. Calculate the percentage difference in their levels of potential output in 2036.
Meran's potential output will be 100% higher than that of Hauck's.
During the industrial revolution, the United States saw increases in the demand for labor and increases in the supply of labor. The increase in real wages rose during this period is consistent with which of the following statements?
The rightward shift in the labor demand curve was greater than the rightward shift of the labor supply curve.
In 1798, An Essay on the Principle of Population was written by
Thomas malthus
A curve that relates an economy's total output to the total amount of labor employed, holding all other determinants of output constant, is called
an aggregate production function.
All of the following are sources of economic growth
an increase in human capital, an increase in the savings rate, and increases in physical capital
Economic growth can be achieved through
an increase in the production of capital goods
All else constant, if a nation's potential output doubles in 36 years, its average annual growth rate is
approx 2%
The skills, training, and education possessed by workers contribute to economic growth
by increasing the quality of labor
Which of the following occurs in the long run neoclassical growth model without technological change?
capital deepening ceases, real wages stop growing, the return to capital is constant, and real interest rates are constant
Diminishing marginal returns occurs when
each additional unit of a variable factor adds less to total output than the previous unit, given constant quantities of other factors.
Which of the following is an example of an investment in human capital?
enrolling in a course to improve your computer skills
What is the opportunity cost of allocating more and more resources to the production of capital goods?
the amount of consumption goods that could have been produced
A necessary condition for successful economic development is democracy.
false
According to the rule of 72, a 12% annual increase in real GDP would lead to a doubling of real GDP in 8 years.
false
For economic growth to take place, we must consume more and save less.
false
If real GDP grows at 3% and population grows at 1.2%, then real GDP per capita grows by 4.2%.
false
Population growth is always a source of economic growth, regardless of other circumstances.
false
Which of the following factors contribute to economic growth?
growth in physical capital, an increase in the availability of natural resources, and an increase in the productivity of labor
The theory of economic growth focuses on the
growth of potential output over the long run, not on fluctuations in the level of economic activity in the short run.
Over the past century, the average household income in the United States
has increased in real terms
all contributes to economic development
high savings and investment rates, low population growth rate, and the existence of a market economy
An increase in saving
increases the amount of resources that can be devoted to the purchase of capital goods.
Which of the following is most important in increasing the rate of economic growth?
increasing the percentage of GDP used for investment
indicators of a nation's standard of living
infant mortality rate, life expectancy, and literacy rate
The aggregate production function relates total national output to:
inputs of technology
Which of the following is prerequisite of successful market economies?
the existence and enforcement of property rights
What is the fundamental argument in Malthus' An Essay on the Principle of Population?
population would increase at a geometric rate and the food supply an an arithmetic rate and that disharmony would lead to forced return to subsistence-level conditions
Economic growth is best measured by the increase in
potential output
A country's rate of real GDP growth is 3% per year. Its population is growing 4% per year. At what rate is its real GDP per capita changing?
real GDP per capita is decreasing by 1%
Investment in human capital
shifts the aggregate production function upward.
The present discounted value of $100 payable 1 year from now, assuming a market rate of interest of 10 percent, is:
slightly more than $90
A factor critical to economic growth is
technological change that increases labor productivity
The determinants of economic growth include
technological improvement, growth in physical capital, and growth in human capital
Holding all else constant, a country's standard of living will rise if its
the rate of population growth is less than the rate of growth of real GDP
Which of the following is a cost of economic growth?
the sacrifice of current consumption
A change in the supply of labor will shift the long-run aggregate supply curve.
true
All other things unchanged, higher saving rates contribute to higher rates of capital formation.
true
In his An Essay on Population Growth, Thomas Malthus argued that population would increase at a geometric rate and the food supply at an arithmetic rate and that this disharmony would lead to forced return to subsistence-level conditions.
true
Increases in human capital will promote economic growth.
true
Market economies with legal systems that provide for the reliable protection of property rights and enforcement of contracts tend to promote economic growth.
true
Real GDP tends to fluctuate around potential output.
true
The "new growth theory" focuses on the sources of technological change.
true
Towards the end of the twentieth century, some of the world's more affluent countries experience robust growth while others experienced growth slowdown or even stagnation. Which of the following is not a reason for the divergent growth trend?
unwillingness to enforce property rights
An increase in the capital stock would shift the production function _______ and the long-run aggregate supply curve to the _______.
upward; right
The Malthusian population theory
was eventually dismissed for its pessimism and failure to take into account technological advances in agriculture and food production.
Data from most industrialized countries show that countries with high investment rates (as a percentage of GDP) tend to be countries
with high rates of economic growth