Macroeconomics Ch. 30

A ______________________ means that government spending and taxes are equal.

balanced budget

In 2010, Microsoft will pay corporate income tax to the federal government based on the company's __________________.

corporate profits

A ______________________ is created each time the federal government spends more than it collects in taxes in a given year.

budget deficit

A typical ____________________________ fiscal policy allows government to decrease the level of aggregate demand, through increases in taxes.

contractionary

When the government passes a new law that explicitly changes overall tax or spending levels, it is enacting:

discretionary fiscal policy

The current level of US government accumulated debt, when measured in nominal dollars:

is higher than it has ever been.

Which of the following is the percentage of annual US government spending allocated to foreign aid?

1%

_____________________ are a form of tax and spending rules that can affect aggregate demand in the economy without any additional change in legislation.

Automatic stabilizers

The time lag for monetary policy is typically ________________ the time lag for fiscal policy.

shorter than

At the beginning 2010, the government of Norway had no debt and held $180 billion dollars in its sovereign fund. To stimulate its economy during 2011, Norway's government plans to spend $35 billion more than it will collect in tax revenue and in 2012, its spending will exceed tax revenues by $25 billion. What will the total government debt equal at the end of 2012?

$0

If a government reduces taxes in order to increase the level of aggregate demand, what type of fiscal policy is being used?

expansionary

If the state of Washington's government collects $75 billion in tax revenues in 2013 and total spending in the same year is $74.8 billion, the result will be a:

budget surplus

At the beginning of 2009, a government had a total debt of $540 billion dollars. It ended 2009 with a $6 billion dollar budget surplus. In 2010, its budget surplus reached $8 billion dollars. What is the total debt of the government equal to at the end of 2010?

$540 billion

A government annually collects $230 billion in tax revenue and allocates $29 billion to its universal healthcare spending. What percentage of this government's budget is spent on healthcare?

12.60%

A government annually collects $320 billion in tax revenue and allocates $42 billion to education spending. What percentage of this government's budget is spent on education?

13.12%

A government collects $600 billion annually in tax revenue. Each year it allocates $35 billion to healthcare and $50 billion for education. What percentage of annual tax revenue is allocated to these two categories of government spending?

14.16%

A government collects $700 billion annually in tax revenue. Each year it allocates $130 billion to interest payments that it must pay on its accumulated debt. What percentage of annual tax revenue is allocated to make these interest payments?

18.57%

A government collects $700 billion annually in tax revenue. Each year it allocates $70 billion to the justice system and $130 billion for its own administrative costs. What percentage of annual tax revenue is allocated to these two categories of government spending?

28.57%

A government annually collects $230 billion in tax revenue and allocates $70 billion to military spending. What percentage of this government's budget is spent on its military?

30.43%

The federal government levies _____________________________ on people who pass assets ____________________________, either after death or during life.

an estate and gift tax; to the next generation

The government can use _____________ in the form of ____________________ to increase the level of aggregate demand in the economy.

an expansionary fiscal policy; an increase in government spending

If an economy moves into a recession, causing that country to produce less than potential GDP, then:

automatic stabilizers will cause tax revenue to decrease and government spending to increase.

Assume that laws have been passed that require the federal government to run a balanced budget. During a recession, the government will want to implement _____________________, but may be unable to do so because such a policy would ____________________________.

expansionary fiscal policy; lead to a budget deficit

Which of the following terms is used to describe the set of policies that relate to government spending, taxation, and borrowing?

fiscal policies

By June, 2010, the U.S. government owed $13.6 trillion dollars ________________ that, over time, has remained unpaid.

in accumulated government debt

If individual income tax accounts for more total revenue than the payroll tax in the U.S., why would over half the households in the country pay more in payroll taxes than in income taxes?

income tax is a progressive tax

If a country's GDP decreases, but its debt increases during that year, then the country's debt to GDP ratio for the year will _______________ in proportion to the magnitude of the changes.

increase

If a country's GDP increases, but its debt also increases during that year, then the country's debt to GDP ratio for the year will _______________ in proportion to the magnitude of the changes.

increase or decrease

If a country's GDP increases, but its debt decreases during that year, then the country's debt to GDP ratio for the year will _______________ in proportion to the magnitude of the changes.

increase or decrease

If government tax policy requires Jane to pay $25,000 in taxes on annual income of $200,000 and Mary to pay $10,000 in tax on annual income of $100,000, then the tax policy is:

progressive

A __________________________ policy will cause a greater share of income to be collected from those with high incomes than from those with lower incomes.

progressive tax

A ________________________________ is calculated as a flat percentage of income earned, regardless of level of income.

proportional tax

If South Dakota's governor reports a budget surplus in 2011, that state government likely:

received more in taxes than it spent in that year.

If government tax policy requires Peter to pay $15,000 in tax on annual income of $200,000 and Paul to pay $10,000 in tax on annual income of $100,000, then the tax policy is:

regressive

When the share of individual income tax collected by the government from people with higher incomes is smaller than the share of tax collected from people with lower incomes, then the tax is ____________________.

regressive

When a country's economy is producing at a level that exceeds its potential GDP, the standardized employment budget will show a __________________ than the actual budget

smaller deficit

When a country's economy is producing at a level that exceeds its potential GDP, the standardized employment budget will show a __________________ than the actual budget.

smaller deficit

If Canada's economy moves into an expansion while its economy is producing more than potential GDP, then:

automatic stabilizers will decrease government spending and increase tax revenue

What do goods like gasoline, tobacco, and alcohol typically share in common?

They are all subject to government excise taxes.

If the government for the state of Washington collects $65.8 billion in tax revenues in 2013 and total spending in the same year is $74.8 billion, the result will be:

a budget deficit

During a recession, if a government uses an expansionary fiscal policy to increase GDP, the:

aggregate demand curve will shift to the right

Currently, the US government accumulated debt to GDP ratio:

is lower than its historical high point

If government tax policy requires Bill to pay $20,000 in taxes on annual income of $200,000 and Paul to pay $10,000 in tax on annual income of $100,000, then the tax policy is:

proportional

If the economy is producing less than its potential GDP, _____________________ will show a larger deficit than the actual budget.

the standardized employment budget

When increasing oil prices cause aggregate supply to shift to the left, then:

unemployment and inflation increase.

When inflation begins to climb to unacceptable levels in the economy, the government should:

use contractionary fiscal policy to shift aggregate demand to the left