macron chat 9

If the CPI was 207 in 2007 and 225 in 2011, what pay raise would someone who earned $50,000 in income in 2007 have to receive in order to keep her purchasing power constant in 2011?

$4,348

Suppose the CPI in 2008 was 215.3 and the CPI in 2009 was 214.6, what was the inflation rate between 2008 and 2009?

-0.3 percent

To obtain prices of a representative group of goods and services, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) conducts a monthly survey of __________ households nationwide on their spending habits. The results of this survey are used to construct a market basket of __________ types of goods and services purchased by the typical urban family of four.

30,000; 211

When the economy is at full employment, which types of unemployment remain?

Frictional and structural

Which of these statements about interest rates and inflation is true?

If there is zero inflation, the nominal interest rate is equal to the real interest rate.

An average of the prices received by producers of goods and services at all stages of the production process. It tracks the prices of a market basket of goods. PPI tracks the prices firms receive for goods and services at all stages of production. Includes the prices of intermediate goods.

Producer Price Index (PPI)

Which market basket specifically targets intermediate goods?

The basket used by the producer price index

Suppose you are available for work but have not looked for a job for at least the last four weeks because you believe that no jobs are available. You would then be counted as __________.

a discouraged worker

The producer price index tracks the prices firms receive for goods and services at:

all stages of production

In general, __________ have much lower unemployment rates than other individuals with other levels of education.

college graduates

At full employment, __________.

cyclical unemployment is zero

The short-term unemployment that arises from workers, in the process of changing jobs, is called __________. This unemployment will always exist as workers change jobs and are unemployed for a short time. This type of unemployment does not concern policymakers.

frictional unemployment

The "normal or natural" underlying level of unemployment in the economy is the __________.

full employment rate of unemployment

Of the eight categories in the CPI market basket, which three categories make up more than 75% of the basket?

housing, transportation, and food

Unanticipated deflation __________.

hurts net debtors

If inflation is anticipated, __________.

it costs less to society than if unanticipated

In calculating the CPI, the __________.

market basket does not include large equipment purchased by firms. The CPI is concerned with the impact of changes in prices on consumers, not businesses. However, large equipment purchases are investments in capital that might ultimately impact the CPI in the form of higher production costs that are passed on to consumers.

The consumer price index __________.

measures the cost of an unchanging basket of goods and services

Economic variables that are calculated in current year prices are referred to as __________ variables, while variables that have been corrected to account for the effects of inflation are __________ variables.

nominal, real

Unemployment arising from a persistent mismatch between the skills and characteristics of workers and job requirements is called __________.

structural unemployment

Which of these groups is included in the labor force?

the unemployed

The natural rate of unemployment is the __________.

unemployment rate that results when the economy produces the potential level of real GDP