MAN Quiz 12 Multiple Choice

Alderfer's ERG factor of "need for growth" corresponds to which part(s) of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A. Esteem and self-actualization B. Physiological and safety C. Belongingness D. Esteem

A

Antony has created an organization in which the workforce participates in imagining and building the organization's direction, ensuring that employees are engaged beyond their current work. Which of the following types of workforce has Antony put into place? A. Thriving workforce B. Rotating workforce C. Permanent workforce D. Temporary workforce

A

Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of reinforcement? A. Valence B. Positive reinforcement C. Avoidance learning D. Extinction

A

How are physiological needs reflected in the workplace? A. Adequate heat, air, and base salary to ensure survival B. Safe work, fringe benefits, and job security C. Recognition, approval, and increased responsibilities D. Workgroups, coworkers, and clients

A

How does pay for knowledge in the context of motivational compensation programs affect employees? A. It links employee salary to the number of task skills acquired. B. It gives employees part ownership in the organization and a share in improved profit performance. C. Two or more part-time workers jointly cover one job. D. It establishes work from home or alternative workplaces.

A

In her job repairing copy machines, Julia always cleans the glass surface and wipes down the outside of the machine. She is not required or even expected to perform these services, but she gets a great deal of satisfaction from going above and beyond. This satisfaction is known as a(n): A. intrinsic reward. B. hygiene factor. C. motivator. D. extrinsic reward.

A

In social learning theory, the key to vicarious motivation is: A. making sure the learner knows the desired behaviors are rewarded. B. extinguishing undesired behavior gradually. C. withholding positive reinforcements for desired behaviors. D. ignoring desired behavior and imposing punishment for undesired behavior.

A

In the simple model of motivation, what is the effect of the feedback loop? A. It informs the individual as to whether the behavior was appropriate and can be used again as new needs are discerned. B. It masks the basic needs of employees. C. It satisfies needs. D. It results in actions that are motivated to satisfy needs.

A

In the two-factor theory, providing hygiene factors will: A. eliminate employee dissatisfaction. B. increase employee satisfaction. C. motivate workers to high achievement levels. D. increase employee dissatisfaction.

A

Moving toward meaningful goals is the single most important factor that can boost employees' motivation, positive emotions, and perceptions during a workday and is the essence of: A. the making progress principle. B. feedback. C. empowerment. D. employee engagement.

A

Quadrant 1 of the four categories of motives managers can use combines extrinsic rewards with fear. This approach can be especially effective in the short term with people who: A. experience loss aversion. B. are motivated by self-satisfaction. C. are committed. D. are seldom in pain.

A

The ERG model and Maslow's needs hierarchy are similar, but do have some differences. Which of the following is one of those differences? A. The ERG model is less rigid than Maslow's needs hierarchy. B. The ERG model lists more needs than Maslow's needs hierarchy. C. The ERG model emphasizes a simple hierarchy, whereas Maslow's needs hierarchy is highly complex. D. The ERG model presumes that individuals only move up the hierarchy, whereas Maslow's needs hierarchy presumes up-and-down movement.

A

The forces within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm toward attaining a specific goal are called: A. motivation. B. task clarity. C. responsibility. D. duty.

A

The primary weakness of using punishment in organizations is its: A. failure to show employees the correct behavior. B. inability to prompt any kind of behavior change. C. popularity with managers. D. ineffectiveness in the short term.

A

Victoria often asks for challenging assignments at work. She is dedicated to enhancing her skills and continually strives to understand and help others. According to Alderfer, Victoria is motivated by which of the following categories of needs? A. Growth B. Existence C. Relatedness D. Sustainable

A

Victoria often asks for challenging assignments at work. She is dedicated to enhancing her skills and continually strives to understand and help others. According to Maslow, Victoria is motivated by which of the following categories of needs? A. Self-actualization B. Physiological C. Belongingness D. Esteem

A

Which of the following best describes the focus of reinforcement theory? A. Modification of employees' on-the-job behavior is achieved through the appropriate use of immediate rewards and punishments. B. Managers increase motivation and enhance performance by setting specific, challenging goals, and then helping people track their progress toward goal achievement by providing timely feedback. C. Individuals perceive how fairly they are treated compared with others. D. Identifying the thinking process that individuals use to achieve rewards is more important than identifying types of needs.

A

Which of the following would NOT be considered an aspect of motivation? A. The always-conscious aspect of why we do what we do B. The internal tension that drives specific behaviors to fulfill various needs C. The right combination of techniques and rewards to satisfy employees' needs D. The forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm

A

After attending a management seminar, Joel decides to implement some of the practices he learned about. His first move was to delegate some of the decision-making power to supervisors in the department, which had the effect of _____ those supervisors. A. equalizing B. empowering C. valencing D. advancing

B

As a manager, Athena works hard on a regular, ongoing basis to let each of her employees know how they are doing as part of the process of helping them toward goal achievement. According to Locke and Latham's goal-setting theory, Athena is attending the _____ component of goal-setting theory. A. acceptance B. feedback C. challenge D. specific

B

Based on the expectancy theory, if Harold wants employees to be highly motivated, which of the following must be true? A. E → P expectancy and P → O expectancy are maximized, and valence is neutralized. B. E → P expectancy and valence are maximized. C. E → P expectancy is maximized, and P → O expectancy is minimized. D. P → O expectancy is minimized, and valence is maximized.

B

Content theories of motivation are focused on the: A. value of quality in products and services. B. needs that motivate people. C. significance of customer satisfaction. D. importance of subject matter expertise.

B

Explanations of how people select behavioral actions to meet their needs and determine whether their choices were successful are known as: A. empowerment theories. B. process theories. C. content theories. D. reinforcement theories.

B

How does gain sharing in the context of motivational compensation programs reward employees? A. For meeting ambitious goals with luxury items, such as high-definition televisions, tickets to big-name sporting events, and exotic travel B. When predetermined performance targets are met C. In proportion to individual performance contributions D. For behavior and activities that benefit the team, such as cooperation, listening, and empowering others

B

In the simple model of motivation, _____ come(s) before _____. A. rewards; actions B. need; behavior C. results; need D. reward; behavior

B

Lucas wants to provide good hygiene factors for his employees. Which of the following should he be concerned about? A. The work itself B. Interpersonal relationships C. Personal growth D. Recognition

B

Managers who wish to increase employee engagement would aim for which of the following goals? A. Requiring a high level of commitment from employees B. Increasing employee enjoyment of their jobs and satisfaction with their work conditions C. Engaging employees in extra work D. Facilitating binding contracts between employees and the company

B

Paul is working with Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model. Which of the following three distinct dimensions will require Paul's attention? A. Skill variety, task identity, and autonomy B. Core job dimensions, critical psychological states, and employee growth-need strength C. Work meaningfulness, outcome responsibility, and knowledge of results D. Internal work motivation, work performance, and work satisfaction

B

People have different requirements for progress and development. Which of the following aspects of the job characteristics model addresses this fact? A. Employee engagement B. Employee growth-need strength C. Employee training D. Employee improvement plan

B

Priscilla will sometimes use the scarcity of jobs in their field as a way to motivate her employees. She is using an: A. extrinsic positive approach. B. intrinsic negative approach. C. intrinsic positive approach. D. extrinsic negative approach.

B

Through _____, employers can combine a series of small tasks into one new, broader job, increasing the variety of activities that employees perform. A. intrinsic rewards B. job enlargement C. work redesign D. job rotation

B

To explain how employees satisfy their needs and decide whether they were successful, you would use: A. the hierarchy of needs theory. B. a process theory. C. hygiene factors. D. the ERG theory.

B

Which of the following are the main components of expectancy theory? A. Specificity, difficulty, acceptance, and feedback B. Effort, performance, and outcomes C. Input, output, and feedback D. Satisfiers, dissatisfiers, and hygiene factors

B

Which of the following statements about the positive motivational approach of Quadrant 3 is true? A. External rewards do not lose their power as motivational tools over time. B. Unexpected rewards are highly effective extrinsic motivators. C. This positive motivational approach is useful and unlimited in its scope. D. It is the only approach that really works in a bossless workplace.

B

Which of the following statements describes the difference between reinforcement theory's punishment and extinction? A. In the long term, punishment is more effective than extinction. B. Punishment involves imposing unpleasant outcomes; extinction involves withholding positive outcomes. C. Punishment is considered less damaging than extinction. D. Punishment involves ignoring the undesired behavior; extinction involves eliminating opportunities to correct undesired behavior.

B

Cecily is considering have her employees learn different tasks within the department. Which of the following might help her accomplish this goal without increasing the workload of any of the employees? A. Intrinsic rewards B. Job enrichment C. Work redesign D. Job rotation

D

A manager who applies motivational theories to the structure of work in order to improve productivity and satisfaction is engaged in: A. reinforcement. B. extinction. C. job design. D. task identity.

C

According to Alderfer, a person experiencing _____ regresses to an already satisfied lower-order need if unable to succeed at satisfying a higher-order need. A. the two-factor theory B. the equity theory C. the frustration-regression principle D. hygiene factors

C

According to reinforcement theory, avoidance learning: A. stresses whichever of the three needs that is typically strongest in an individual. B. focuses on individuals' perceptions of how fairly they are treated. C. is used to change specific behavior. D. extinguishes behavior that is not positively reinforced.

C

According to the equity theory developed by J. Stacy Adams, how do people evaluate equity? A. Based on the law of effect B. By a ratio of attrition to revenue C. By a ratio of inputs to outcomes D. Based on the making progress principle

C

As a job characteristic, autonomy: A. provides the worker with knowledge of actual results. B. influences the employee's psychological state. C. influences the worker's experienced responsibility. D. provides the worker with skills required for the work.

C

Carlos takes his work responsibility seriously, likes supervising others, and is working hard to make it to the top levels of his organization's hierarchy. According to McClelland, Carlos has a high need for: A. self-fulfillment. B. affiliation. C. power. D. achievement.

C

Each week, each employee who completes the minimum number of units receives a $100 bonus. Thor has not yet completed the minimum number and so has not received the bonus. Which of the following reinforcement tactics is Thor's manager using in this situation? A. Goal acceptance B. Punishment C. Extinction D. Expectancy theory

C

In team meetings, Abby contributes positively to the discussion. She is committed to her job, which she enjoys, and feels a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization. Abby's manager is pleased with her level of employee: A. extrication. B. growth-need strength. C. engagement. D. subjugation.

C

In the _____ theory, one of the three needs is typically stronger than the others in most people. A. goal-setting B. hierarchy of needs C. acquired needs D. ERG model

C

In theories of motivation, rewards are classified as: A. intellectual and practical. B. temporary and perpetual. C. extrinsic and intrinsic. D. superficial and meaningful.

C

Penny works on an assembly line. Each time she sends a piece on that doesn't have four bolts, it is immediately sent back to her to correct. This approach to changing her behavior is called: A. expectancy theory. B. punishment. C. avoidance learning. D. positive reinforcement.

C

When it comes to issues of motivation, which of the following theories emphasizes behavior and its consequences? A. Two-factor theory B. Equity theory C. Reinforcement theory D. ERG theory

C

Which of the following are the two criteria used in the model that describes four categories of motivation that managers can use? A. Personal and organizational B. Performance and satisfaction C. Rewards and emotional response D. Internal and external

C

Which of the following factors tends to influence the employee's psychological state of experienced meaningfulness of work? A. Low absenteeism B. Autonomy C. Task significance D. High-quality work performance

C

Which of the following is among the process theories of motivation? A. Acquired needs theory B. ERG model C. Expectancy theory D. Two-factor approach

C

Which of the following situations involves an extrinsic reward? A. Erin sent an anonymous bouquet of flowers to her assistant who was having an especially stressful time at work. B. Jeremy solved a computer problem. C. Tricia received a long-desired promotion. D. Kellan was happy to have finishing organizing his files.

C

Which of the following statements best describes the law of effect? A. In the long term, punishment is a more effective approach to behavior change than reward. B. Removing unpleasant consequences once a behavior is improved is equivalent to punishment for undesired behavior. C. Behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated, and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated. D. Supervisor attention and feedback provide less motivation than financial rewards.

C

Which of the following theories focuses on the needs that motivate people? A. Reinforcement B. Situational C. Content D. Process

C

Which of the following would NOT be included among the elements of empowerment? A. Employees are rewarded based on company performance. B. Employees have knowledge and skills to contribute to company goals. C. Employees defer making substantive decisions to managers. D. Employees receive information about company performance.

C

Which of the following would NOT be included as a core job dimension in the job characteristics model? A. Task significance B. Skill variety C. Valence D. Autonomy

C

Which of the following would be considered a thriving employee? A. Nadia, who feels stagnant in her career B. Cael, who feels stressed out C. Deborah, who feels energized D. Mikael, who acts indifferent about what he is doing

C

Francis arranged meetings with various employees in his division, and together this team has set several stretch goals. After presentations with everyone, the employees are excited about the plans and committed to carrying them out. According to Locke and Latham's goal-setting theory, Francis has achieved goal _____ with his employees. A. readiness B. specificity C. difficulty D. acceptance

D

Good managers avoid the use of _____ to motivate people because this approach damages employee commitment and performance in the long run. A. loss aversion B. intrinsic rewards C. unexpected rewards D. fear tactics

D

If Marcela wanted to empower her employees, which of the following actions would she take? A. Revoke certain benefits from employees B. Evenly distribute power throughout the organization C. Ensure equal treatment of men and women throughout the organization D. Delegate power and authority to subordinates

D

If Sawyer is most concerned about providing his employees with freedom, discretion, and self-determination in planning and carrying out tasks, which of the following core job dimension is he most concerned with? A. Task significance B. Skill variety C. Feedback D. Autonomy

D

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the concern for developing to one's full potential is what type of need? A. Belongingness B. Safety C. Esteem D. Self-actualization

D

In the job characteristics model, which of the following elements is necessary to provide employees with knowledge of the actual results of work activities? A. Task identity B. Task significance C. Autonomy D. Feedback

D

Tucker has a tendency to use fear as a way to get his employees to meet deadlines. Which of the following statements about this practice is true? A. It is not an effective method for motivation. B. It is always destructive for short-term performance. C. It typically has positive consequences for employee development. D. It typically has negative consequences for long-term performance.

D

What are the three groups in Alderfer's ERG theory? A. Extrinsic, rational, and genuineness B. External, realistic, and goodness C. Extant, residing, and growth D. Existence, relatedness, and growth needs

D

When the ratio of one person's outcomes to inputs equals that of another's: A. valence is low. B. E → P expectancy is met. C. feedback decreases motivation. D. a situation of equity exists.

D

Which of the following employees would likely respond most favorably to the job characteristics model? A. A person looking to satisfy belongingness needs B. A person with low-level needs C. A person looking to satisfy safety needs D. A person with a high need to grow and expand abilities

D

Which of the following happens within an organization that is experiencing active disengagement? A. Employees actively work toward improving teamwork. B. Employees actively oppose their own growth in the company. C. Employees actively seek ways to empower themselves. D. Employees actively undermine their organization's success.

D

Which of the following situations best exemplifies vicarious learning? A. Reece goes through the PowerPoint presentation for the executive team. B. In learning how the five components of the cooling unit go together, Jack, a line worker, has to put the unit together and take it apart several times. C. As Jack practices assembling and disassembling the cooling unit, Carla, a departmental accountant, rates him on the number of hand movements and efficiency. D. Carla watches Reece, the head of the accounting department, as he puts together a PowerPoint presentation of the monthly financial data for the organization.

D

Which of the following statements about rewards in an organization is NOT true? A. The reward informs the person whether the behavior satisfied the need. B. The reward informs the person that the behavior was appropriate. C. Rewards can be intrinsic or extrinsic. D. Effective managers operate primarily in offering intrinsic rewards to employees.

D

Which of the following statements best describes an intrinsic reward? A. Intrinsic rewards involve monetary gain. B. Intrinsic rewards involve promotions. C. Intrinsic rewards originate as a result of pleasing others. D. Intrinsic rewards originate as a result of personal satisfaction.

D

Which of the following statements provides the best explanation of the making progress principle? A. The challenge level of a goal is its most important factor. B. Comparison with peers is not a valid measurement for quantifying progress. C. Individuals measure their progress in comparison to the amount of progress their peers make in a given time frame. D. The single most important factor that can boost motivation, positive emotions, and perceptions during a workday is progress toward meaningful goals.

D

Which of the following would NOT be considered a common method for reducing perceived inequities? A. Leave one's job B. Change one's work effort C. Change one's perceptions D. Eliminate social equities

D

Which of the following would NOT be found among the five needs that make up Maslow's hierarchy? A. Safety B. Physiological C. Esteem D. Intellectual

D

_____ involves determining whether successful performance will lead to the desired outcome or reward. A. High valence B. P → E expectancy C. E → P expectancy D. P → O expectancy

D