MANA 3335 (9-13) Learn it & Assignment Questions
According to the path-goal theory, a leader who sets challenging goals, encourages subordinates to perform at high levels, and shows confidence in their abilities is demonstrating ___________ leader behavior
Achievement-oriented
The component of an individual's attitude that reflrects their emotions is the ________ component (Chap 9)
Affective
When the needs of the organization and the inducements it is willing to offer match the skills of the employee and the pay he or she is willing to accept, _____ is achieved. (Chap 9)
person-fit job
If an employee has a high need for social affiliation, ________________ will be important to the employee's job satisfaction
positive interpersonal relations
Neha often finds herself impatient with her employees. She often thinks to herself, "why can't others do their work the way I want them to do it? I need to meet my weekly sales target, and their inability to work quickly and accurately is getting in the way of that" Neha is likely to have a high need for (Chap 10)
Achievement
You are discussing work with one of your employees, brent. You want to explain the compensation package in a way that reflects the cognitive component of an attitude. What should you say to Brent? (Chap 9)
The company provides annual bonuses to employees who meet performance goals
Your team asks you why you asess consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus of their individual behaviors at every performance appraisal. Which explanation do you give them? (Chap 9)
Just as managers use attribution theory to attribute blame when behaviors are negative, they can use attribution theory to attribute cause when behaviors are positive. As a manager, I want to reward employees whose behavior is positive
Imagine that you conducted a survey to assess employee job satisfaction. The results were encouraging but a substantial percentages of employees explained that the traditional work schedule of 8 hours per day for 5 days per week was not ideal for them. Some employees wanted to be able to pick up their children up from school. Others wanted to be able to travel on the weekend. Some employees wanted to work part-time Which alternative work schedule should you use to meet the requests of employees who prefer to wrok part-time? (Chap 10)
Job Sharing
Chinese telecom giant Huawei beleives that employees will work most effectively when all employees benefit directly from the organization's success. Huawei uses an organization-wide incentive called; (Chap 10)
profit sharing
When information transmitted through the grapevine is based on fact rather than speculation, how accurate is it likely to be?
55 percent
Dajhia heard rumors about an upcoming merger that she knew, as a person on the team looking into the potential merger, were incorrect. She decided to write a memo to her employees dispelling the rumors. Which of the following types of communication was Dajhia responding to?
A grapevine
The Porter-Lawler extension of expectancy theory states that _____.
high performance leads to high satisfaction
Often negotiators cannot change their relative power positions. This is a drawback to which negotiation approach?
Situational characteristics
The types of communication between negotiators, the potential outcomes of the negotiation, and the relative power of the parties are among the factors investigated in which approach to negotiation?
Situational characteristics
Which of the following statements is true of vertical communication?
It is most effective when it is a two-way flow between levels of the organization
A full-time job is performed by two part-time employees, one who works mornings and one who works afternoons. What kind of work management is this? (Chap 10)
Job Sharing
Which of the following are controversial aspects of executive compensation? (Chap 10)
Large size of compensation packages Lack of alignment with organizational performance
The use of influence to shape goals, motivate people, and define organizational culture is called ____________ (Chap 11)
Leadership
Leadership Grid (Four Styles)
(1,1) Impoverished Management (9,1) Authority Compliance (1,9) Country Club Management (9,9) Team Management
Modern psychologists classify people based on the "big ___" personality traits. Which of the following traits are included in this group? (Chap 9)
5 Openness to experience Agreeableness
A person is considered ____________ when they can influence others without relying on coercion (chap 11)
A leader
According to the Leadership grid, which of the following statements are true?
A manager with low concern for production and low concern for people has a designation (1,1) and an Impoverished Management style A manager with high concern for production but low concern for people has a desgination of (9,1) and an Authority-Compliance style
To empower employees, organizations must meet certain conditions. Which of the following are conditions they must meet? (Chap 10)
A sincere commitment to share power with employees at lower levels Increased investment in training and development
Which negative work behavior is one that can be minimized through organizational policies and managerial coaching? (Chap 9)
Absenteeism
The goal-setting theory of motivation assumes that a person's behavior results from conscious intentions and goals. Goal _____________ means that employees have to buy into the goals and be committed to them (Chap 10)
Acceptance
As a new manager, you are responsible for interacting effectively with your team of employees and with all the other employees in your organization. Which of the following actions will help you be more effective, even though many managers are afraid of doing it?
Asking customers and employees for feedback
The mechanism through which people observe behavior and arrive at conclusions about its causes is known as ________ (Chap 9)
Attribution
Your organization uses the Leadership Grid to identify management styles. During your last performance evaluation, you received 360-degree feedback indicating that you use the authority-compliance management style. In what way could you improve as a manager?
By showing more concern for people
According to the path-goal theory, there are four styles of leadership that are each appropriate under different circumstances. Which factors determine which style is most appropriate?
Characteristics of the workplace environment Personal characteristics of subordinates
Which of the following are behaviors of transformational leaders?
Developing a vision Encouraging risk taking Inviting dissent
Which of the following are barriers to communication arising from the nature of the organization?
Different groups have different perceptions of a topic The same terms have different meanings to different groups Employees at different levels are reluctant to speak or listen to each other
Which of the following are potential disadvantages associated with reliance on digital communication?
Employees may have difficult establishing close working relationships Some employees may believe that the usual rules of the workplace do not apply and transgress policies against harassment Remote employees may not have access to all the information that would be helpful to them
How can managers improve their individual communication skills?
Ensure they are credible on a topic when they are the sender of communication
Power that is based on having information or a skill that others lack is _________ power. (Chap 11)
Expert power
Forming Storming Norming Performing
Forming= Group members accept their roles and carry them out to achieve the group's work Storming= The group accepts one member as their leader Norming= Group members get to know each other Performing= One or more group members assert their leadership
After allison had been a manager for a few years, she realized that her employees liked to feel as though her ideas were valued. After she made a decision, she would hold a meeting in which she would let her staff make decisions about some of the details of implementation. Which perspective on motivation is closest to Allison's thinking at this point in her career? (Chap 10)
Human relations approach
Which of the following statements accurately describes the ERG theory? (Chap 10)
Humans have three levels of needs, and people can be motivated by multiple levels of needs at once
Harry decides to improve the employees' relationships with each other. Every month, Harry will sponsor an employee gathering and invite all of the employees to come. This is an example of a (chap 10) hygiene factor motivation factor
Hygiene Factor
Steps in the Motivation Framework
Identify a need Evaluate: Has the need been satisfied? Search for ways to satisfy the need Choose a behavior to try satisfy the need
What is selective perception? (Chap 9)
Ignoring information that does not match one's preexisting ideas
People who are high on Machiavellianism do not do well in? (Chap 9)
In jobs that are highly structured
Which of the following actions is attributed to leadership but not management?
Inspiring
Which of the following must a manager do to be an effective strategic leader?
Interact fluently with a diverse range of people and communities Seek to improve the organization's alignment with its environment
Your manager has left, and their successor is not as skilled a leader. Which characteristics of tasks at your organization would substitute for the missing leadership?
Intrinsically satisfying work Predictability and simplicity Regular customer feedback
A manager who makes sure to talk to somewhat randomly to employees throughought the organization and other individuals with connections to the organization is engaged in _____________________
Management by wandering around
Carla has just received her annual performance review. Because carla had the highest productivity of anyone in her department, she will get the largest raise this year. This is an example of:
Merit Pay
Harry decides to help the employees grow and develop. Each month, every employee will be given a day off for training, and the employee who comes back to work with the most creative ideas will receive special recognition. This is an example of a (Chap 10)
Motivation factor
Your boss is usually grumpy and believes that events will turn out badly. Your boss has high ____________ affectivity (Chap 9)
Negative
Which approach would an advocate of the traditional approach to motivation recommend? (Chap 10)
Offer employees extra pay if they increase production
The human resource department seeks to increase employees' attachment to the organization. What is the HR department trying to improve? (Chap 9)
Organizational Commitment
What are the key assumptions of needs hierarchy approaches to motivation? (Chap 10)
People have needs, which can be ranked by importance
You wish that your supervisor, Ashby, sought favors from you in a less threatening way. If you were in Ashby's role, and you wanted to rely on emotion and logic to get your way, which tactic would you use?
Persuasion
Motivation models that focus on how individuals choose one behavior over another use ______________ (Chap 10)
Process Perspectives
A company reserves a portion of its profits each year to pay out all full-time employees. Which reward system is the organization using? (Chap 10)
Profit sharing plan
What is the name of the stage in which someone begins to take action in response to a stressor? (Chap 9)
Resistance
The kind of power that comes from being able to provide things of value to others in the organization is __________ power (Chap 11)
Reward
If an employee volunteers for challenging assignments and seeks out opportunities to learn new skills, this employee is looking to meet needs at the ____________ level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the ________ needs level of the ERG theory of motivation (chap 10)
Self-actualization Growth
Julia has a great deal of confidence in her ability to perform her job tasks. Julia has high __________ (Chap 9)
Self-efficacy
Which of the following workplace behaviors demonstrate a high level of organizational citzenship? (Chap 9)
Staying late to finish a project by deadline Doing the work of a team member who is out sick Helping to train a new co-worker
Leaders who combine leadership skills with a knowledge of the organization and its environment are ____________
Strategic
Which of the following are NOT aspects of emotional intelligence (EQ)? (Chap 9)
Taking risks Being excitable and moody Basing decisions on feelings
Maria's job as a corporate attorney is extremely stressful. Part of her stress comes from having to meet aggressive deadlines for her work. THe stressors that arise from these deadlines are known as __________ (Chap 9)
Task demands
Which of the following are among the reasons an organization should foster positive interpersonal relations among its employees?
To meet the needs of employees with high needs for social affiliation To increase productivity due to the mutual support employees can provide each other To provide a source of emotional support to help employees handle challenges at work
Employee-centered ledarship behaviors are likely to ______________ follower motivation
increase
High cognitive abilities, such as the ability to think both divergently and convergently, tend to make an individual ___________ (chap 9)
more creative
Which of the following statements about impression management are true?
people may take part in impression management to further their careers
A manager would rate a subordinate's ______________ high if the employee's contributions corresponded well with the rewards offered by the organization (Chap 9)
person-fit job
Lucia a mother of three, has reward power at home. Her children are likely to do what Lucia says because:
she gives them cookies
Because of your education in management, you know that informal communication is important for organizations. Which of the following statements is true about organizations?
Grapevines occur in all organizations
The definition of ______________ is the process of transmitting information from one person to another, whether or not the message is accurately understood
Communication
When the U.S department of defense identifies a department where efficiency has increased over prior years and work quality has remained or gotten better, everyone in the department is rewarded based on how much money they have saved the agency. This type of reward system is known as: (Chap 10)
Gainsharing
What are some ways in which managers can minimize harmful political behavior in the workplace?
Give subordinates autonomy and responsibility Communicate honestly and realistically about performance evaluation and pay decisions Encourage employees to express disagreemnt opensly
In what ways can an organizagion encourage creativity in its workforce? (Chap 9)
Giving employees time and other resources to do creative work Rewarding creativity that furthers the organization's goals
Jinlin says, "i know that achieving this goal will feel good and be good for the organization. I hope I can get it done." Which component of the goal-setting theory does this statement address? (Chap 10)
Goal Commitment
The idea that employees choose their behavior based on conscious goals and intentions, and that they are motiviated by challenging, specific goals, is _____________ (Chap 10)
Goal-setting theory
When you arrive for a job interview, the interviewer greets you with a warm handshake and a smile. While you speak, he smiles and nods often and occasionally takes notes. WHat message is the interviewer expressing nonverbally?
He is actively engaged in your interview
Kenji, a new classmate, has expert power at school. People are likely to do what Kenji says because:
He knows so much
You notice that someone behaves in a shy manner in one situation and then also behaves in a shy manner in several quite different situations. What is occurring here? (Chap 9)
Low distinctiveness
A coworker who shows little loyalty to collagues and manipulates others to gain advantage is probably ____________ (Chap 9)
Machiavelliian
According to the two-factor theory of motivation, which of the following are motivation factors that cause an employee to feel greater satisfaction at work? (Chap 10)
Recognition Responsibility Achievement
A type of dysfunctional behavior that involves disengagement from the workplace is a _______________ (Chap 9)
Withdrawal behavior
When leadership is unnecessary because a leader would have little effect on performance, the situation involves ________________
Substitutes for leadership
Which of the following statements describe people who are high on authoritarianism? (Chap 9)
They obey their bosses and superiors They belive that people at different levels of the organization should have markedly different power
A manager who bases decisions primarily on logic and principles probably prefers ____________ (Chap 9)
Thinking
What must a manager do to exercise high-quality strategic leadership?
Thoroughly understand the organizaiton's current environment and possible future trends Know the organization inside and out, including its culture, its strengths, and its weaknesses Embrace the many aspects of diversity in the workforce, in the customer base, and in all other stakeholders
Which of the following are common reasons for an employee to join a task group at work?
To work toward goals that are appealing To satisfy a need for affiliation
Which of the following situations are likely to bring about good interpersonal relations?
Two accountants, Arden and Chloe, both enjoy playing cards and are members of a bridge foursome that plays after work every Thursday Managers have been bringing their problems to Liam, the human resource business partner, for years, and they believe he is always sympathetic and fair
People with Type _____ behavior patterns are more relaxed, and are therefore less succeptible to stress-related problems (Chap 9)
Type B
A salesperson is paid a commission on every sale. This employee is being paid according to ____________ (chap 10)
an individual incentive plan
When employees form a group on their own initiative, outside the organization's structure, this is ___________________
an informal group
The use of threats or force to achieve a goal is _______
coercion
Communication among employees at social gatherings tends to _____________________________, whether the gatherings are sponsored by the employer or not
promote a strong organizational culture
Conflict can actually be useful for organizations. If you wanted to encourage competition in order to motivate better performance, which of the following would you do?
Create a contest to reward the group member with the best performance
Aviva is trying to save money for college this fall, and her current job does not offer any overtime. After speaking with her manager, Aviva took on some of the harder, less desirable jobs, with the idea that this type of work would result in a higher hourly wage. At this point, Aviva is at what step in the motivation framework?
Choice of behavior to satisfy need
The IT director told the production manager that she will not approve the software upgrade for the production team unless the production manager supports the IT request for a budget increase at the next managers meeting. Which type of political behavior is reflected in the given scenario?
Coercion
Mikel runs the marketing department, and he assigns accounts to groups of employees instead of just one employee. He allows the group to control the work, including who does the work and when it is done. Which type of method does Mikel use to empower his employees?
Decentralized teams
Which approach to negotiation tries to predict how negotiators will depart from rationality and focuses on providing advice to negotiators actively involved in negotiations?
Decision analytic
Apoorva has sent her team a message on the new customer specifications. When her staff reads and interprets her message, which part of the communication process is occurring?
Decoding
What is the skill that allows people to see differences among situations, phenomena, or events?
Divergent thinking
Excessive competitiveness Competition with other organizations Different perspectives due to doing a different types of work in different departments
Excessive competitiveness= interpersonal Competition with other organizations= Organization vs Environment Different perspectives due to doing a different types of work in different departments= Intergroup
Montazar learned some interesting news about Dezmon, a colleague in another department. Montazar shared the information with his work team at their morning break, and with other work friends at lunch. Some of these people shared the information with others, while some did not. This is an example of which type of grapevine?
Gossip chain
According to the ERG theory, which need corresponds to the physiological and security needs?
Growth
Olesia is trying to improve her listening skills so she can become a more effective listening. Which of the following will inhibit her ability to listen effectively?
Having preconceptions about topics
Which of the following is a medical consequence of too much negative stress?
Headaches
Nila's manager is rational and nonemotional, and Nila thinks he occasionally lies to attain personal goals. Which personality trait might Nila's manager have?
High Machiavellianism
Which of the following can generate conflict within an organization?
Hiring outsiders
Which of the following is not part of a typical compensation plan for senior executives?
Hourly wages
Apoorva believes her employees value the contributions they make to the organization, and as a manager, she wants to create a work environment that makes full use of the human resources available. Which type of approach to motivation does Apoorva follow?
Human resources
In which type of behavior does the leader clearly define the leader-subordinate role so that everyone knows what is expected?
Initiating-structure
Conflict between two teams within an organization is an example of which type of conflict?
Intergroup
Nila and Manoj cannot agree on the best way to handle a customer complaint. This customer has been a good customer for Nila in the past, and while she is training Manoj to take over this customer account, she does not agree with how he always manages them. Their manager has decided to sit down with both of them together to see how to best resolve this customer complaint. Which type of conflict resolution is their manager using?
Interpersonal problem solving
Which of the following are factors that decrease group cohesiveness?
Intragroup competition Larger group size Domination by one group member
Which of the following best describes organizational citizenship?
It is the behavior of individuals that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization.
What is a key advantage of oral communication?
It promotes prompt feedback.
What is true of the grapevine as an informal communications tool?
Its use increases when organizations move to suburbs.
Why does written communication inhibit feedback and exchange?
Lag time
Which of the following is an organizational barrier to communication?
Language differences
Which type of power is granted by the organization hierarchy to be accorded to people occupying a particular position?
Legitimate
According to Tannenbaum and Schmidt's leadership continuum, what is a manager who uses the strongest level of boss-centered leadership likely to do?
Make a decision and announce it.
Eva reviews daily reports to identify errors. Then she meets with representatives from the purchasing and inventory departments to discuss ways to eliminate or prevent recurring problems.Which type of motivational strategy is Eva's organization using by allowing her to make decisions about her work?
Participation
Which leadership style will likely be best for a person who has an internal locus of control?
Participative
During her performance appraisal, Ozlem's manager suggested she consider a transfer to another department. She told her manager she enjoys her current job and the people she works with. Ozlem's manager explained that if Ozlem were to transfer, she would likely be considered for project management positions within a year, a great benefit to her career. What did Ozlem's manager use to help her see the benefits of this new position?
Rational persuasion
Anke is writing a proposal to a customer to explain how Anke and her team will perform work for the customer. In the communication process, which role will this customer play?
Receiver
In a functional group or team, what can a manager do to avoid role ambiguity, conflict, and overload?
Send clear and straightforward cues.
Ugar, Kaia, and Atmir meet once a week to identify ways to improve sustainability practices at their company. Their team was created by the organization to accomplish a relatively narrow purpose within a specific time horizon. Which type of group are Ugar, Kaia, and Atmir a part of?
Task
Which type of group is created by an organization to accomplish a relatively narrow range of purposes within a stated or implied time horizon?
Task group
During which stage of the creative process would the development of a product or service prototype be done?
Verification
Why are positive interpersonal relations in an organization important?
They are a source of satisfaction for many
According to a survey, who is most likely to engage in political behaviors?
Upper levels of management
Kelsey thinks all sales presentations should use a standard format to promote consistency across brands and build the corporate image. Julio strongly disagrees. He feels creativity and customization are necessary to make each brand stand out in the marketplace. Which of the following is true of the conflict between Kelsey and Julio?
This interpersonal conflict is based upon different beliefs about work.
Why is management needed in organizations?
To achieve orderly results
Petra has heard through the grapevine that one of her employees is in danger of not making a deadline, but this employee is reluctant to tell her. What can Petra do to overcome reluctance on the part of her staff?
View the news as a challenge that must be overcome
Which of the following helps managers assess a situation quickly and accurately so they can make appropriate decisions regarding employee participation?
Vroom's decision tree approach
According to the Porter-Lawler extension, when would a person most likely be satisfied with rewards?
When they are perceived as equitable
Which type of organizational behavior includes absenteeism and turnover?
Withdrawal
Bhavik loves working with numbers and wants to do work in accounting, but he does not have the necessary skills. In this situation, his individual performance will be negatively impacted by _____.
ability
New approaches to performance-based rewards include _____.
allowing top managers to determine how rewards are distributed
Leaders using consideration behavior _____.
attempt to establish a friendly and supportive climate
When an employee is careful to return on time from a lunch break to keep from being reprimanded, this behavior is known as _____.
avoidance
The emerging pressures for stronger corporate governance models are likely to mean that leaders will
be held more accountable for the consequences of their actions
Rocky, Natashia, and Borov meet once a week to discuss ways to improve sustainability practices at their company. They are a functional group, which means that the group was formed _____.
by the organization
Jane is the CEO of Dreiden Publishing Company. She is highly influential, not only in her own firm, but throughout the industry. Jane is principled in her leadership style and projects an air of self-confidence. Jane's particular form of interpersonal attraction makes her a _____.
charismatic leader
If you've experienced groups that were close and loyal and groups that weren't, you know how important ____________ can be to a group performance
cohesiveness
Ronald is a manager at Breezo, Inc. People enjoy working for Ronald because he shows true concern for his subordinates. According to the Ohio State studies, Ronald is using _____.
consideration behavior
Dana has a reputation for being creative. Colleagues have noticed that Dana is skilled at seeing similarities between different situations, and applying those lessons to come up with new ideas. This skill is known as _____.
convergent thinking
According to a basic premise of Vroom's decision tree, after evaluating the characteristics of a problem or decision, the leader will _____.
determine an appropriate decision style that specifies the amount of subordinate participation
The sender or receiver can take steps to ensure that overload does not occur by _____.
effectively managing the number of messages sent
Turnover occurs when_____.
employees quit their jobs
Bianca just learned that Julien, her most creative designer, is leaving the company. As her mind races through the challenge ahead of her, Bianca has begun to inventory the qualifications she will have to satisfy in her search for a replacement. To find someone with the creativity needed for the job, Bianca will want to look for a candidate who _____.
has strong analytical skills
Julius wants to increase sales by his staff. To do so, he has set performance goals and offered bonuses to anyone who achieved those goals. The introduction of a moderate level of competition among the sales staff is likely to _____.
improve team performance
Factors that decrease group cohesiveness include the following
intragroup competition unpleasant experiences as a group disagreement about goals domination by one group member larger group size
Petra works for human resources in the staffing department. The department manager she supports has seven open positions and wants them filled now. However, the division manager has told Petra they plan to start reducing staff within the next month and not to fill any open positions. Petra is likely experiencing _____.
intrarole conflict
Sabine's job involves assisting in the preparation of marketing materials. Yesterday, Sabine's manager told her that the A-0x line is the highest priority, and that the spec sheet needs to be done by the end of the week. This morning, her manager told Sabine to drop everything she is working on to focus on in-house training materials to help launch the new promotion of the A-1x line. Sabine will likely experience _____.
intrasender conflict
Randi needed to hire an assistant. She found only two candidates who were able to meet her needs, but neither one of them was able to work full time. After consulting with the HR manager, Randi was able to split the job between the two candidates, with one working in the morning and the other in the afternoon. This arrangement is known as _____.
job sharing
Compared to Type A individuals, Type B individuals are ______.
more likely to have a relaxed approach to life
Game theory is often unworkable in real negotiation situations because _____.
negotiators do not always act rationally
Even though Aisha enjoys her work, she does not see herself as a long-term member of the organization. She knows she will eventually want to relocate to be closer to family. Aisha has a low level of _____.
organizational commitment
Lupita is spearheading an important project for her firm. Every day she receives countless emails from her direct supervisor, the managers of three other departments, and numerous colleagues with suggestions and guidelines regarding features the project must include, budget requirements, and scheduling needs. Lupita is not certain which information is critical to the project and what is just opinions or advice that does not need to be followed. Lupita is experiencing the organizational communication barrier of _____.
overload
To have the best chance of encouraging employees to work harder or better, rewards need to be tied specifically to _____.
performance
Destani's company just instituted an organization-wide incentive in which a certain amount of money, based on the company's earnings, is placed into a pool. At the end of the year, that money is evenly divided and distributed to all employees. This type of reward system is an example of _____.
profit sharing
Mark is facing a crucial deadline. The work is more than he can handle in the amount of time, but he has not told his manager. He does not think his manager will assign any more resources to the project but will just tell Mark to work more hours to get it done. Mark is exhibiting the individual communication barrier of _____.
reluctance
Eric was recently hired as a marketing associate at Tredwell Industries. His job involves assisting in the preparation of marketing materials for one of Tredwell's new product lines. He's been told to put together a product spec sheet, but he's received no further guidance or sample spec sheets to use as a model. Eric has done similar work for his previous employer, but he does not know what the standards or expectations are at Tredwell. Eric is experiencing _____.
role ambiguity
Dezmon maintains a high degree of confidence in the accuracy and quality of his work. Dezmon has a high level of _____.
self-efficacy
Effective communication is the process of _____.
sending a message in such a way that the message received is as close in meaning as possible to the message intended
One of the major limitations of the individual differences approach to negotiation, which negated the effects of individual difference, is that it did not consider _____.
situation variables
Steve was in a car accident in which the driver of the car behind him, a 75-year-old man, did not see him stop for the red light and hit Steve's car. Ever since that accident, Steve has believed that people over 70 should not be allowed to drive. This is an example of _____.
stereotyping
IDEO is tasked with developing ideas for new extensions for the company's product. The new group has gotten to know each other, but there are frequent arguments among group members. Jack, the team leader, recognizes that this team can't move forward until it finishes the____ process. storming norming forming performing
storming
People who support one another and who work well together can accomplish much more than people who do not support one another and who do not work well together. This is an example of _____.
synergy
The result of ________ conflict in the organization may be complacency and apathy
too little
Tredwell Industries has a dress code. Men are expected to wear sport shirts, slacks, and dress shoes. However, on Thursdays, the marketing manager plays golf in the morning and then comes to work in the afternoon in khakis, a polo shirt, and sneakers. This is an example of norm _____.
variation
Ahmed is a new senior manager at Lock, Stock, and Barrel, a 100-year-old gun manufacturer. He has a different management style from his predecessor, Charlie. Charlie rarely interacted directly with his subordinates. Almost all of his communication was done through email messaging. Ahmed engages frequently with everyone in the office. He is often seen talking with employees at their desks, on walks through the office, out in the parking lot, and at company events. Ahmed uses a particular type of informal communication style known as management by _____.
wandering around
In terms of role structures, the enacted role can best be described as _____.
what an individual actually does in the role
Which of the following are healthy ways that employees might manage stress? (Chap 9)
Using time management techniques Exercising regularly Getting support from family or friends
What is the focus of Vroom's decision tree approach to leadership?
The degree to which subordinates participate in decision making
Accoding to the model of leader behavior proposed by Ohio State Univeristy researchers, what is true of a leader who uses consideration behavior? (Chap 11)
The leader communicates with subordinates to show care and concern and seeks to establish a friendly, supportive rapport with them.
According to Likert's model of leadership behavior, what is true of a leader who uses job-centered behavior? (Chap 11)
The leader pays close attention to subordinates' work, explains work procedures carefully to them, and focuses on performance
Which of the following suggestions is not one of the five styles identified in Vroom's decision tree model?
The manager procastinates on making a decison
Which of the following steps in the communication process occur after the sender chooses the words to express the message?
The receiver holds the message in their mind A channel for conveying the information is chosen The information is decoded
Communication Process
The sender determines what information to transmit In encoding, the sender chooses words and/or nonverbal methods to convey the information A channel is chosen as the means of transmission In decoding, the receiver interprets the message The receiver has the information, or at least some version of it
What is motivation? (Chap 10)
The set of forces that cause an individual to behave in certain ways
According to the least-preferred coworker (LPC) theory, if there is a mismatch between the leader's style and the type of situation, what should be done? (Chap 11)
The situation should be changed so it fits the leader's style
If a manager uses positive reinforcers, such as money and gift certificates, to shape the behavior of his or her employees, what can the manager then expect? Check all that apply. (Chap 10)
To see a temporary increase in the rewarded behaviors To satisfy the employees' lower-level needs
A sample of individuals who represent the target audience for the ad may be asked to evaluate the ads developed by the creative team to measure the effectivness of the ad. Ad testing part of the __________ phase of the creative process (Chap 9)
Verification
As a project manager, you have to follow the flow of the project from start to finish, communicating with the team as needed and ensuring each person completes their work on schedule when needed. Some team members will interact with the project multiple times before the project is complete. Which network type should you choose for the structure of the team?
Wheel
According to expectancy theory, if an employee feels that an outcome has a high valence, what does the employee bellieve? (Chap 10)
The reward for performance is highly desirable to the employee
Which of the following best describes flextime?
Employees select the hours they work.
Rachel works in a male-dominated industry. She is a passionate advocate for increasing gender diversity. For years she has championed the recruitment and advancement of qualified female employees at her firm. As she worked her way up the corporate ladder, Rachel was able to increase her influence because of _____.
political behaviors
Individual barriers to communication include _____.
poor listening skills
Even when budgets are limited and schedules are tight, Nils always approaches a project in an upbeat manner. He takes the challenges in stride, is optimistic that he can meet goals, and often succeeds. Nils has a high degree of _____.
positive affectivity
Where are performance behaviors derived from?
Psychological contract
Renee loves working outdoors and enjoys her job for a yard maintenance and landscaping company. This week, her mower broke down three times, and she was not able to finish two of the yards she was supposed to cut. In this situation, her individual performance was negatively impacted by _____.
work environment
Which of the following describes the concept of workplace behavior?
A pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness
According to expectancy theory, in order for motivated behavior to occur, which condition must be met?
A person must believe that if effort is expended, high performance will result.
What is the first step in the communication process?
A sender wanting to share a fact, idea, or opinion
According to the basic expectancy model, what should effort be combined with to result in performance?
Ability and environmental factors
Bernice took a job as a ticket taker at the baseball stadium. She has to arrive two hours before each event to work the gate. Once the game reaches the bottom of the third inning, her gate is closed, and she can go in to watch the rest of the game. Which intangible inducement is the organization offering Bernice?
Ability to watch live games
As a new employee, Yui likes to meet with her manager regularly to see what she did well and how she can improve. She sets difficult goals and likes specific and immediate feedback. Which type of need does Yui have?
Achievement
Petra often asks questions of her staff in staff meetings, and works to engage them in dialogue instead of just sharing information with them. She feels when her staff is engaged, they will understand and retain more information. What is Petra working to encourage during her meetings?
Active listening
Julian has been given a new account with a difficult client. Julian is highly agreeable and typically has good working relationships with others. Which personality trait does Julian have that will potentially extend to his relationship with this customer?
Agreeableness
Raj thought he had another week, but he just found out that he has to submit the performance evaluations for his entire staff by 10:00 tomorrow morning. If he misses this deadline, not only will it reflect poorly on him, but his staff members will not be eligible for the annual bonus. Raj is starting to panic because he does not know how he can possibly complete that many evaluations in one night. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is Raj in?
Alarm
Ugar is the department head of the cardiac wing at a hospital. His staff understands his vision for the cardiac wing, and he encourages their cooperation on strategic decisions that support that vision. Which of the following is a likely skill Ugar uses to lead people?
Aligning people
Which pattern of communication is the most decentralized pattern of communication?
All-channel
Apple and Samsung both claim to have created innovations in smartphone technology. Although Samsung is both Apple's competitor and its partner (supplying parts for Apple products), this situationis laced with interorganizational conflict. Which situation is similar in terms of the type of conflict that could result?
Amazon demands that manufacturers ensure that Amazon can offer lower prices than any other retailer - even if that lowest price is below the Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price (MSRP)
Dorina has an internship at a firm she has always wanted to work for. She knows this firm hires entry-level employees only if they do well in their internships, so Dorina is working hard to achieve her goals during the internship. In this case, which type of outcome will have the highest valence for Dorina?
An entry-level job offer
What is the most general form of merit pay?
Annual salary increases
Arayla respects her manager, but she will question some of her manager's decisions when she doesn't agree with them. She doesn't hesitate to disagree with her boss or a client when she feels they are wrong. Which aspect of personality addresses Arayla's belief about power and status differences?
Authoritarianism
Which of the following is a task characteristic that may neutralize or substitute for leadership?
Availability of feedback
What is the single most important individual skill for improving communication effectiveness?
Being a good listener
Which of the following is a property of leadership?
Being accepted as a leader by others
As a new manager, Yui wears a dress skirt, blouse, and jacket to work every day. She wants to convey authority and leadership to her staff, customers, and other leaders in the organization. Which element of nonverbal communication is Yui using to indicate her professionalism?
Body language
Which type of executive compensation is determined by the performance of the organization with the board of directors sometimes determining distribution?
Bonuses
Dezmon is the manager of a group that does not seem to be working very hard on its project. The performance norms are low, and he does not feel the group is very cohesive. What can Dezmon do to raise the performance of this group?
Bring in new group members.
In which way does avoidance act as a reinforcement?
By allowing escape from undesirable consequences
Nour learned that the upcoming company reorganization is likely to impact her department, meaning changes of duties for some of them. Nour quickly shared this information with the members of her team, and by the end of the day, word was spreading that many of them were going to be let go. Word got back to Rene, the department manager. While it is true that a reorganization is in the works, there are no plans to eliminate any positions. How can Rene minimize the damage that the grapevine does?
By clearly and openly explaining that no one will lose their jobs
How can managers reduce the likelihood of political behavior by subordinates?
By providing subordinates with responsibility
Steve's usual method for getting his staff to do their jobs is to threaten to dock their pay or put reprimands in their files if they do not comply. This is an example of which type of power?
Coercive
While preparing to negotiate a new labor contract with the union, management discussed a variety of alternative tactics the union representatives might use. Which approach for negotiating is management using to try to predict how the negotiators might depart from perfect rationality?
Cognitive
Which of the following have managers around the world agreed on, as one of their most important tasks?
Communication
Which of the following refers to a pattern through which the members of a group communicate?
Communication network
Which of the following best describes attitudes?
Complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other people
As a nurse, Raj works four ten-hour days per week. This allows him to have better control over patient care. Which type of scheduling does Raj's hospital use?
Compressed
Dajhia and Woojin have had many successful team encounters in the past, but they could not agree on the best location for a new facility. They each pointed out the benefits of their preferred location and dismissed the advantages of the other. What can they do to resolve their conflict?
Conduct a systematic analysis and discussion.
Which of the following can be considered as someone's ability to multitask on the job?
Conscientiousness
Amina is on a team looking at new health insurance options that will help save the organization money. The team knows that any changes to the policy will result in concern for the employees. Which decision-making style can Amina and her team use to get suggestions from employees before making a decision?
Consult
Julius is looking at various motivational tools for his department. Before he decides on one, he decides to try and determine which factor or factors really motivate people. Which view of motivation is Julius using
Content perspective
Raul's department uses flextime, but all employees must be at the office each afternoon between 1:00 and 4:00. What is this required block of time when employees must be in the office called?
Core
When a Japanese firm sends an executive to head the firm's operations in the United States, that person will need to become acclimated to the differences that exist between the two countries. Which type of leadership skill will this executive need to rely on?
Cross-cultural
In order to get ahead, Stan gave some of his colleagues incorrect project specs. Their work did not meet the requirements for the project, and his was the only one that was acceptable. This is an example of _____.
Dysfunctional behavior
What is the vertical dyad described in the leader-member exchange approach?
Each superior-subordinate pair in the LMX model is referred to as a vertical dyad
One of Nour's strengths as a manager is her ability to understand how her staff members are feeling, even without being explicitly told. This allows her to anticipate and prevent some conflicts from arising. This ability reflects strength in which dimension of emotional intelligence?
Empathy
Sabine's company allows all employees to become meaningful stakeholders in the organization. What type of group-level reward system does Sabine's company use?
Employee stock ownership plans
According to Herzberg, what do managers try to achieve by providing hygiene factors at appropriate levels?
Employees who are not dissatisfied
What is one method of controlling conflict?
Enhancing coordination of interdependence
Although she makes a good salary, Arayla does not think she gets the recognition she deserves from her supervisor or her colleagues. According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need is not being met?
Esteem
After taking night classes and receiving his degree, Raphael agreed to stay in his current job, but has found he is bored and unchallenged. He is evaluating his current job and his desire to stay longer. Which step in the motivation framework is Raphael in?
Evaluation of need satisfaction
Which of the following is a method of controlling conflict?
Expanding the resource base
As a sales rep, Polani is paid a low base salary and makes commissions on every sale. However, she does not feel she makes enough and has asked her manager for a raise. Her manager told Polani that if she wants to make more money, she will have to work harder. Which motivation theory does this manager subscribe to?
Expectancy
The team tasked with monetizing games at Zynga has really performed well over the last two years and has a strong sense of cohesion. The team has been recognized at the company's annual meetings for the last three years straight. Which factor has helped increase this team's cohesion? Intragroup competition Domination Large group size Favorable evaluation
Favorable evaluation
According to the Michigan studies, which trait does Likert find most consistent with employee-centered leader behavior?
Flexible
Because of the nature of the work done in Ozlem's department, work must be done on site. However, Ozlem has found that many of her employees want to get out earlier to be home when their children get home from school. An almost equal number of employees find it difficult to be at their desks by 8:30 in the morning. What type of work schedule should Ozlem try?
Flextime
3M wants to manage processes such as accounting more efficiently. If you were the chief financial officer, what type of group would you form to address this ongoing need? Interest Functional Task Informal
Functional
The sales department at Midwest Textiles has been together for years, and when they meet their identified objectives, they move on to new ones. Which type of group is the sales department considered to be?
Functional group
BelTech and SouthernCell are considering a merger. Before they even entered into negotiations, both companies had teams of professionals analyze every alternative and outcome with probabilities and numerical outcomes reflecting the preferences of negotiating parties for each outcome. Which negotiating approach are they using?
Game theory
In preparation, you identify all possible outcomes and the probability of each outcome. Which approach to negotiation are you using?
Game theory
As a highly organized person, Eli writes a list of things he wants to achieve each day. Each of those things will help him accomplish longer-term goals that he has. Which of the following describes the extent to which Eli is personally interested in reaching his goals?
Goal commitment
How can transformational leadership be defined?
Going beyond ordinary expectations
Stacy has been involved with the group since it was formed. Although she is not the group leader, she is the most knowledgeable member of the team. A high level of competitiveness exists among the team members, and Stacy is the one who most team members go to for social or emotional support. When the group leader is unavailable, group members often go to Stacy for questions and advice. What is Stacy's role in this group?
Informal leadership
As a manager, Azim holds a lot of referent power. He must tell his staff that he needs as many of them as possible to work this coming weekend because a project is behind schedule. He knows some employees will be upset. What type of power can Azim use to encourage loyalty and teamwork from his staff?
Inspirational appeal
Duane is the department head of the production unit at Lelov Technology. He is considered a great leader. Duane is particularly noted for his ability to execute plans by energizing people to overcome problems. He does this by fulfilling the basic needs of his employees, such as respect and the need for fulfillment. Which of the following leadership functions describes Duane's actions?
Inspiring
Raj, Marah, and Grant are part of the sales force at Midwest Textiles. The three of them try to have lunch together once or twice a month to discuss strategies and sales techniques. Raj, Marah, and Grant are an example of a(n) _____.
Interest group
The production team started work on a project and then the development team changed the specs. The production team said the spec changes would increase the budget and delay final product delivery. The development team insisted that the product must be delivered according to the original schedule in order to meet a crucial sales window in the marketplace. Production said that the original schedule could be met only if the original specs were followed, but development insisted that the spec changes were necessary to be competitive in the marketplace. Which type of conflict is this?
Intergroup
Competition for scarce resources, especially funding, can often lead to which type of conflict within an organization?
Intergroup conflict
A manufacturer of small gaskets realized it could not produce enough to fill the order from one of its customers and called to tell the customer the order will be delayed. This angered the organization that needed the parts for its own manufacturing process, and it demanded the parts be sent immediately. Which type of conflict occurred between the manufacturer and the company it was supplying?
Interorganizational
Pretty Industries tests some of its beauty products on lab animals. This has led to protests outside its corporate offices by animal protection groups. Which type of conflict is Pretty Industries experiencing?
Interorganizational
Jason manages a bakery on a busy street in Chicago. Most of the bakery's business is foot traffic as workers are heading into their offices for the day. When another bakery opened its doors around the corner, Jason saw his sales decline. He immediately began promoting daily specials to regain some of his clientele. The new bakery responded by offering deliveries to nearby offices. Jason has become concerned that these actions are beginning to have a substantial effect on his business. This is an instance of escalation of which type of conflict.
Interorganizational conflict
Xavier and Rene, both of whom work in the admissions office, argue constantly about which company they should use to service the copy machine. Which type of conflict are they experiencing?
Interpersonal
If your group is experiencing a source of conflict and you wish to approach the resolution of that conflict in a confrontational manner, which conflict resolution approach would you use? Avoidance Smoothing Compromise Interpersonal problem solving
Interpersonal probelm solving
Jewel recently completed a personality profile and learned she has high degrees of extraversion, intuition, feelings, and judging characteristics. Which test did Jewel take?
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
The need for ______________ arises when two parties are involved, have different preferences, but need to reach an agreement to continue to work
Negotiaion
During class today, Zereth's professor is talking about the upcoming exam, but Zereth is having a hard time paying attention because she has a bad cold. What is causing the failure of communication between Zereth and her professor?
Noise
Which stage of team development involves each person recognizing and accepting his or her role and the team beginning to develop a sense of unity?
Norming
Which of the following refer(s) to standards of behavior that the group accepts and expects of its members?
Norms
Dajhia has always been good with change, and she has a broad interest in others. She is curious, imaginative, and creative. Which of the Big Five personality traits is Dajhia considered to be high in?
Openness
Willa has a sensitive announcement to make to her team of 12 sales representatives. She wants to meet with each of them independently so that she can discreetly address any of their individual concerns. Which form of interpersonal communication is Willa using?
Oral
At Crane Cyber Security (CCS), investigators frequently miss deadlines. They complain about information processing delays caused by the intranet system, but their managers think the investigators spend too much time on unnecessary tasks. Communication between the investigator and management levels at CCS is weak because of which type of barrier?
Organizational
You strive to be rational when you negotiate, but you sometimes fall prey to bias. Now you have to choose a new employee, but you've needed the help for a long time. There's just not time to search. You choose a prospect from the preapproved list provided by Human Resources. Which cognitive approach to negotiation has sidetracked you?
Overreliance on readily available information
Which of the following refers to the extent to which the contributions made by the individual match the inducements offered by the organization?
Person-job fit
Destani is very open to new ideas, and she has a high degree of energy. She is also independent and has a lot of self-confidence. Which attribute of creativity does this describe?
Personal traits
John, your group's informal leader, doesn't trust Alicia, the group's communications manager. John feels Alicia tends to overemphasize her own beliefs in group documents, and Alicia believes John is micromanaging the team. This is a classic case of a _____. personality clash intergroup conflict
Personality clash
Which of the following is a form of political behavior that involves convincing others to support a goal on grounds that are objective and logical as well as subjective and personal?
Persuasion
As an emergency room doctor, Ozlem works nights and weekends for two weeks, then is assigned to daytime shifts for the next two weeks. Which type of stressor is associated with shift work?
Physical
Which plan is a reward system where an organization pays an employee a certain amount of money for every unit he or she produces?
Piece-rate incentive
Jinhoon and Aviva have worked together on several projects, and have enjoyed working together. On occasion, they get together with their spouses and all of them spend time socializing on weekends. Which of the following does this relationship describe?
Positive interpersonal dynamics
Jolanta has been offered a promotion, and she will be leading the new product development team. Before her new position starts, Jolanta is being sent to training, and that training will concentrate in business. Which aspect of the creative process is Jolanta pursuing?
Preparation
Which of the following is included in a game theory analysis of negotiation?
Probabilities for each possible outcome
Sushil is the director of human resources and is meeting with several division level managers to plan staffing for the new product launch. Which type of team is Sushil a part of?
Problem-solving team
Polani knows that employees talk about work even when they are not working. Every quarter, Polani arranges an offsite event for her employees. They relax, socialize, talk about what is happening around town, and even work on occasion. What is Polani hoping to promote by including employees in social gatherings?
Promoting a strong sense of culture
Eli just finished a successful interview process, and he was offered the job. He has expectations about the work and how well he can do his job, and his new manager also has expectations about what Eli will be able to contribute. Which of the following describe these sets of expectations on both Eli's part and the part of the employer?
Psychological contract
Which of the following would inhibit creative efforts in an organization?
Punishing creative failures
Which type of reinforcement is designed to weaken or decrease a behavior?
Punishment
Olesia has worked for the same company for five years and knows she does a good job. Recently, a new employee was hired in her department, and Olesia heard the new person is being paid more than she is. According to equity theory, what might Olesia do because she feels underrewarded?
Reduce the inequity
Mable was chosen to lead a project where she has to deal with a lot of unknowns and take chances in order to meet its goals. Which personality trait will aid Mabel in her ability to succeed on this project?
Risk propensity
You always strive to be a good student. But your accounting teacher wants you to attend the career fair even though it conflicts with your management class. Your management professor demands class participation. You are experiencing ____________
Role conflict
You remind potential team members that when they join the team, they will have the benefit of friendship. For this reason, participation helps team members ______________
Satisfy personal needs
At the quarterly company meeting, the CEO spoke repeatedly about the importance of return on investment. His purpose was to underscore smart budget decisions, wise investments, and taking advantage of opportunities to grow the business in a way that would reward all employees. However, the employees understood the term to mean that budget would be cut and resources reduced to increase profits for shareholders and senior management. This scenario illustrates what organizational barrier to communication?
Semantics
Marah, who works in accounts receivable, is a full-time employee. Her husband has recently had some health issues, and Marah is struggling to maintain a full-time work schedule while caring for her husband. How would job sharing help Marah?
She could work part time while another employee works the rest of her shift.
Aviva is generally short with people and always seems to be in a bad mood. However, she just got a raise, and today, Aviva seems rather positive for a change. What can be said about Aviva's attitude?
She has a high degree of negative affectivity.
Yui just received a bonus because of a successful team project. Yui knew her efforts contributed to the team's success. What can be said about Yui's personality?
She has an internal locus of control.
Arayla is not good at dealing with conflict between her employees. Yesterday, one of her employees told Arayla about a personal disagreement they were having with another employee. Arayla attempted to minimize the conflict and told her employee that things will get better. Which type of conflict resolution process did Arayla use?
Smoothing
After individuals join a group, they may undergo a process of ______________, in which they adopt the group's norms
Socialization
Woojin needs to hire a new creative director to manage the organization's social media presence. Based on the Myers-Briggs framework, what should Woojin look for when interviewing candidates?
Someone with a high degree of intuition
Which of the following has led to the increased popularity and success of telecommuting?
Sophistication and power of communication technology
Atmir has a complex and stressful project. He stayed late several nights this week, but on Thursday, he never showed up for work. When his manager called to see if Atmir was OK, Atmir told his manager he had slept through his alarm. Which state of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) was Atmir in?
Stage 3
Ramkumar is already working under a tight deadline, and his client just changed the job specifications. What are the strong stimuli that are causing Ramkumar additional stress called?
Stressors
Eva has worked in the accounts payable department at her firm for over 20 years. Her job has changed during this time, as advancements in computer technology have essentially eliminated all potential for processing errors. Eva operates with little supervision because of her extensive experience and the routine nature of her job. Which form of leadership should Eva's manager use?
Substitute
Jamal and Erika have opposing political views, and almost every conversation they have, on any topic, eventually leads to an argument. They were recently paired up to run a fundraising campaign to help fund an afterschool program for underprivileged children in their community. They were able to work together well enough that the campaign reached its goal and the program was able to open. What did Jamal and Erika use to manage their potential for conflict?
Superordinate goals
Which style of leadership identified in the LPC theory is similar to job-centered and initiating-structure behaviors in the generic approaches to leadership?
Task oriented
20As part of his group, Montazar tends to focus on getting the work done. What is his role within the group?
Task specialist
Petra knows what is expected of her at work, and she has procedures and precedents to rely on when she is uncertain. Which of the following does Petra experience a high degree of?
Task structure
Which of the following can best be described as a type of group that functions as a unit, often with little or no supervision, to carry out work-related tasks, functions, and activities?
Team
Paramita does all her work from her home office, and she submits everything electronically. Which of the following describes Paramita's work activities?
Telecommuting
What is the premise of Vroom's decision tree approach to leadership?
The approach should change depending on the situation.
Junhua needed to share new and sensitive information with his staff. He decided the most effective way to share this information was to hold a meeting. In the context of the communication process, what will the meeting be considered as?
The channel
According to the Myers-Briggs framework, which type of person gets their energy from being around others?
Those who are extraverts
How can organizational leadership use the Leadership Grid when evaluating new managers?
To determine training needs
In terms of employee motivation, what is the manager's goal?
To encourage employees to work as hard as possible
For which reason might employees engage in political behaviors?
To protect themselves from others
How can confrontation be used within an organization when seeking a solution to a problem?
To resolve the conflict
Researchers looking at characteristics such as intelligence, assertiveness, or height to identify leadership ability were using which approach to leader behavior?
Trait
Petra, the CEO of a large office supply company, is working on making the firm more efficient and profitable, while maintaining a leadership role in innovation. She changed the reward system, overhauled procedures, and restructured the firm. Which type of leader is Petra?
Transformational
At its most basic level, how can we define communication?
Transmission of information from one person to another
How many people are required to be considered a group if they are interacting regularly to accomplish a common purpose or goal?
Two
Anna is the sales manager for Wheelright Glass Products. She has a sensitive announcement to make to her team of 12 sales representatives. She wants to meet with each of them independently so that she can discreetly address any of their individual concerns. Anna has outlined the points that she needs to convey so that the message is consistent and useful when presented to each employee. To prevent the message from being communicated to members of her team with whom she has not yet spoken, which type of communication network pattern does Anna need to maintain?
Wheel
Which of the following encompasses the resources needed to do the job?
Work environment
Geert asked his two top managers, Payal and Aisha, to meet with employees and explain the upcoming merger. Which communication network did Geert use to share this information with his entire staff?
Y
