Management 11

ensures employees are satisfied with their jobs

A manager using employee-centered leader behavior _____.

Expert

Atmir has extensive experience in biology research, and he is frequently asked to speak at conferences on his latest work. Many in the lab want to work with him just to learn from him. Which type of power does Atmir possess?

Universal

By assuming that there was one set of answers to the leadership puzzle, early approaches to the study of leadership adopted which perspective of leadership?

weak position power

Destani has to approve all job assignments, and she must sign off on all raises, bonuses, or other incentives that Sabine wants to give to her team. According to the LPC theory, Sabine has _____.

structure is high and the degree of formality is high

Directive leadership is less effective when _____.

Leadership neutralizer

Eli has found that organizational rewards do not inspire him, and he would rather do freelance work because of the independence it offers him. For Eli, what does independence act as?

To protect themselves from others

For which reason might employees engage in political behaviors?

Participative

Helena regularly consults with her subordinates, and she solicits their suggestions and lets them help in decision making. According to path-goal theory, Helena is exhibiting which type of leader behavior?

By providing subordinates with responsibility

How can managers reduce the likelihood of political behavior by subordinates?

Going beyond ordinary expectations

How can transformational leadership be defined?

Relationship orientation

In the LPC measure, what does a high score reflect on the part of the leader?

Initiating-structure

In which type of behavior does the leader clearly define the leader-subordinate role so that everyone knows what is expected?

charismatic leader

Jane is the CEO of Dreiden Publishing Company. She is highly influential, not only in her own firm, but throughout the industry. Jane is principled in her leadership style and projects an air of self-confidence. Jane's particular form of interpersonal attraction makes her a _____.

collectivism

Japan is generally characterized by the view that the group is more important than any individual in it. This is known as _____.

Delegate

Jolanta has noticed a decline in sales for one of her staff members. She asked her employee to look at it and have them identify why sales are low. She asked her staff to try and define the problem and come up with a solution. According to Vroom's decision tree, Jolanta is exhibiting which decision-making style?

attempt to establish a friendly and supportive climate

Leaders using consideration behavior _____.

the out-group

Marvin has 12 subordinates on his work team. He gives extra responsibility and privileges to Ilene, Jay, and Ira. The other nine members of the team receive much less of Marvin's time and attention. According to the LMX model, those other nine members are _____.

Cross-cultural

Megawatt Manufacturing is a 125-year-old U.S. manufacturing firm. Traditionally, the overwhelming majority of employees were white men. But with increased diversity efforts, many employees are female, and there are many Hispanics, African Americans, and Asian Americans now working for the company. Montazar, the new plant manager, has worked at several manufacturing plants throughout the country and has experience working with and managing a diverse workforce. Which leadership skills will be valuable to Montazar in this position?

Transformational

Petra, the CEO of a large office supply company, is working on making the firm more efficient and profitable, while maintaining a leadership role in innovation. She changed the reward system, overhauled procedures, and restructured the firm. Which type of leader is Petra?

Impression management

Polani works in a male-dominated industry. She is a passionate advocate for increasing gender diversity. As she worked her way up the corporate ladder, Polani presented herself in a professional, composed manner to demonstrate that women can effectively serve in leadership roles at the company. What did Polani use to help promote gender diversity in her organization?

Referent

Ramkumar has a lot of charisma, and his coworkers enjoy working on projects with him because they can identify with him and his attitudes. Many of his coworkers have adopted a similar work schedule, and the same style of dress as Ramkumar. Which type of power does Ramkumar have?

Ethical

Ramon was recently hired as the president and CEO of a fledgling company in the emerging solar battery technology industry. He is joining the company in the wake of a scandal that toppled the former management team. An external audit revealed that the previous organizational leaders had misappropriated grant money received from the U.S. government. Ramon has been hired to restore the government's faith in the company and to establish a culture of moral integrity within the firm. Which leadership skills will be important for Ramon in this position?

Reward

Raul is preparing performance reviews and salary increase suggestions for his staff, which he will then submit to his manager for approval. When determining praise and recognition, which type of power will Raul need to use?

Explain work procedures in great detail.

Sushil spends a lot of time with new employees, and uses employee-centered leader behaviors. She does this so that employees can perform at high levels as quickly as possible. What is Sushil likely to do when she has new employees?

Persuasion

The HR manager insisted that an increase in staff for the production team was simply not in this year's budget. Kelly, the production manager, argued that the upgrade would save money in the long run, as the work would go faster. Additionally, the staff would be able to do their jobs more easily, leading to higher morale as well as lower turnover. Which type of political behavior is reflected in the given scenario?

whether they are task oriented or relationship oriented

The LPC theory classifies leaders into two types based on _____.

process of leadership

The use of noncoercive influence to shape the group's goals and motivate behavior toward the achievement of those goals is the definition of the _____.

Country club management

Thoughtful attention to the needs of people for satisfying relationships leads to a comfortable, friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo. According to the Leadership Grid, when this is coupled with very low concern for production, which type of management results?

Keep it aligned with its environment.

What can leadership, in conjunction with management skills, do for an organization?

Impression management

What is a direct and intentional effort by someone to enhance his or her image in the eyes of others?

Each superior-subordinate pair in the LMX model is referred to as a vertical dyad.

What is the vertical dyad described in the leader-member exchange approach?

By demonstrating personal confidence

When considering the three elements of charismatic leaders, how would a leader energize others?

Being accepted as a leader by others

Which of the following is a property of leadership?

Coercive

A manager who uses punishment and emotional threat to lead is using which type of leadership power?

its culture

A strategic leader needs a thorough understanding of the organization itself, including _____.

Favorableness of the situation from the leader's perspective

According to Fiedler, when considering situational approaches to leadership, what is the key situational factor?

Make a decision and announce it.

According to Tannenbaum and Schmidt's leadership continuum, what is a manager who uses the strongest level of boss-centered leadership likely to do?

determine an appropriate decision style that specifies the amount of subordinate participation

According to a basic premise of Vroom's decision tree, after evaluating the characteristics of a problem or decision, the leader will _____.

Upper levels of management

According to a survey, who is most likely to engage in political behaviors?

Team management

According to the Leadership Grid, which approach to leadership is thought to be the most ideal because of the interdependence on a common stake in the organization?

Flexible

According to the Michigan studies, which trait does Likert find most consistent with employee-centered leader behavior?

To clarify behaviors that lead to rewards

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what is the primary function of a leader?

Supportive

According to the path-goal theory, which leader behavior includes being friendly and approachable and treating team members as equals?

Strong need to influence others

According to the theory of charismatic leadership by Robert House, which trait do charismatic leaders often possess?

Legitimate

After several years of service at her company, Melanie was just promoted to a middle management position. This promotion gives Melanie which type of power?

Charismatic

All other things being equal, which type of leader is most likely to influence others?

Instrumental compliance

Although she could have refused the project, Marah agreed to work on it because she knows that if she does well, her manager will consider her for a promotion. Which type of power is Marah's manager using?

Consult

Amina is on a team looking at new health insurance options that will help save the organization money. The team knows that any changes to the policy will result in concern for the employees. Which decision-making style can Amina and her team use to get suggestions from employees before making a decision?

Inspirational appeal

As a manager, Azim holds a lot of referent power. He must tell his staff that he needs as many of them as possible to work this coming weekend because a project is behind schedule. He knows some employees will be upset. What type of power can Azim use to encourage loyalty and teamwork from his staff?

pays close attention to her subordinates' work

As a manager, Rabeya exhibits job-centered leader behavior. This means that Rabeya _____.

middle-of-the-road management

As a manager, Tariq has consistently demonstrated an appropriate amount of concern for both people and production. On the Leadership Grid, Tariq's style would be classified as _____.

Authority-compliance management

Caleb manages the contract division of the largest property management company in New England. His division is full of high performers in terms of processing volume and speed. However, absenteeism is high among his employees. Many members of his department are openly dissatisfied with their jobs. According to the Leadership Grid, which leadership style is likely being used?

Cross-cultural

DownUnder Clothing is a growing apparel company based in Delhi, India. Management at the firm has little exposure to Western practices and no experience operating in the United States. Eli was born and raised in the United States, but he has worked in India for the past seven years. Eli was recently hired by DownUnder Clothing to head up its North American expansion efforts. Which of Eli's leadership skills was DownUnder Clothing hoping to capitalize on?

Inspiring

Duane is the department head of the production unit at Lelov Technology. He is considered a great leader. Duane is particularly noted for his ability to execute plans by energizing people to overcome problems. He does this by fulfilling the basic needs of his employees, such as respect and the need for fulfillment. Which of the following leadership functions describes Duane's actions?

Rational persuasion

During her performance appraisal, Ozlem's manager suggested she consider a transfer to another department. She told her manager she enjoys her current job and the people she works with. Ozlem's manager explained that if Ozlem were to transfer, she would likely be considered for project management positions within a year, a great benefit to her career. What did Ozlem's manager use to help her see the benefits of this new position?

Inducement

During the interview process, Olesia told a highly qualified candidate that if they accepted the position, the company would cover the cost of relocation and provide an additional bonus. What did Olesia use to encourage the candidate to accept the position?

Substitute

Eva has worked in the accounts payable department at her firm for over 20 years. Her job has changed during this time, as advancements in computer technology have essentially eliminated all potential for processing errors. Eva operates with little supervision because of her extensive experience and the routine nature of her job. Which form of leadership should Eva's manager use?

To determine training needs

How can organizational leadership use the Leadership Grid when evaluating new managers?

Vroom's decision tree approach

Jordan Automotive is required to use a highly integrated system that links MRP, production, inventory, and sales is warranted with its client. The costs of such a system are high, and the conversion process is extensive. Because it involves dramatic changes to job and process designs, management anticipates resistance throughout the company. Facing the decision for a major computer upgrade, which situational leadership model is best suited to prescribe appropriate leadership behavior at Jordan Automotive?

Subordinate participation

Mikel has a good relationship with his supplier but thinks his company can negotiate better prices. After presenting his idea to his manager, his manager and senior leadership used Vroom's approach to decision making. What should Mikel's managers consider when using Vroom's model? In choosing a situational leadership model to support the company's needs, which of the following factors is most important in this scenario?

Coercion

Nancy tells her staff that they must finish their project by the end of the day, even if that means working until midnight. When Pallavi told Nancy she had a meeting and could not stay, Nancy said she would do her best to have Pallavi fired if she did not stay. Which type of power does Nancy rely on?

Establishing direction

On Kaia's most recent performance review, it was noted that she is to work on developing a vision for her department and her employees, as well as how to achieve those goals. Which leadership skill has Kaia been asked to work on?

Initiating-structure

One of the things L'Meese does as a leader is establish formal lines of communication with her subordinates. According to the Ohio State studies, L'Meese is using which type of leader behavior?

People

Pallavi has a high concern for production. However, her department has high turnover and low morale. What should Pallavi focus on, based on the Leadership Grid, to improve the effectiveness of her leadership style?

Task structure

Petra knows what is expected of her at work, and she has procedures and precedents to rely on when she is uncertain. Which of the following does Petra experience a high degree of?

political behaviors

Rachel works in a male-dominated industry. She is a passionate advocate for increasing gender diversity. For years she has championed the recruitment and advancement of qualified female employees at her firm. As she worked her way up the corporate ladder, Rachel was able to increase her influence because of _____.

Obligation

Recently, Eli, a fellow manager, asked Jewel to support his request for the firm to open a childcare center at its site. Jewel has no opinion regarding a childcare center, but she supported Eli's request anyway, with the hopes that he will support her next proposal. Which type of political behavior does this demonstrate?

Trait

Researchers looking at characteristics such as intelligence, assertiveness, or height to identify leadership ability were using which approach to leader behavior?

consideration behavior

Ronald is a manager at Breezo, Inc. People enjoy working for Ronald because he shows true concern for his subordinates. According to the Ohio State studies, Ronald is using _____.

Transformational

Russell is the president of the smallest business unit of a large conglomerate. He has been disappointed by the organization's unwillingness to embrace promising new business opportunities in the marketplace. He finds the corporation's traditional organizational structure and leadership style inhibiting. Two months ago, Russell was approached by the CEO of another company. This leader is hard-driving, with an exciting vision of the future. When offered a job at this inspirational CEO's firm, Russell knew he would be working with which type of leader?

Strategic

Russell was recently hired by Megawatt International, a growing battery technology company. He earned the top management position because of his ability to align organizational competencies with environmental conditions. Which of Russell's leadership skills did Megawatt International find especially attractive?

Reward

Steve decides how projects are assigned to his staff and has final approval on overtime hours. Which type of power is this?

Coercive

Steve's usual method for getting his staff to do their jobs is to threaten to dock their pay or put reprimands in their files if they do not comply. This is an example of which type of power?

Coercion

The IT director told the production manager that she will not approve the software upgrade for the production team unless the production manager supports the IT request for a budget increase at the next managers meeting. Which type of political behavior is reflected in the given scenario?

Subordinate

The concept of substitutes for leadership suggests that a need for independence is which type of characteristic that might neutralize leader behavior?

high ethical standards

The emerging pressures for stronger corporate governance models are likely to increase commitment to select individuals with _____.

be held more accountable for the consequences of their actions

The emerging pressures for stronger corporate governance models are likely to mean that leaders will _____.

stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and each of their subordinates

The leader-member exchange (LMX) model of leadership _____,

Aligning people

Ugar is the department head of the cardiac wing at a hospital. His staff understands his vision for the cardiac wing, and he encourages their cooperation on strategic decisions that support that vision. Which of the following is a likely skill Ugar uses to lead people?

Cross-cultural

When a Japanese firm sends an executive to head the firm's operations in the United States, that person will need to become acclimated to the differences that exist between the two countries. Which type of leadership skill will this executive need to rely on?

Delegate responsibility

When developing a human network for achieving an agenda, which of the following would be done by a manager, regardless of leadership skills?

Participative

Which leadership style will likely be best for a person who has an internal locus of control?

Leadership style is fixed, so situations must be changed to match the leadership style.

Which of the following did Fiedler argue about the relationship between the leader's style and its relationship to a specific situation?

Charismatic leadership

Which of the following focuses on interpersonal attraction and is most closely associated with the trait approach?

Vroom's decision tree approach

Which of the following helps managers assess a situation quickly and accurately so they can make appropriate decisions regarding employee participation?

Substitutes for leadership

Which of the following identifies situations in which leader behaviors can be replaced by other things?

Substitutes for leadership

Which of the following is a concept that identifies situations in which leader behaviors are neutralized or replaced by characteristics of the subordinate, the task, and the organization?

Planning and budgeting

Which of the following is a function of management, but not leadership?

Availability of feedback

Which of the following is a task characteristic that may neutralize or substitute for leadership?

They set high expectations.

Which of the following is true of charismatic leaders?

It plays a useful role in some situations.

Which of the following is true of political behavior in organizations?

It is based on identification, loyalty, or charisma.

Which of the following is true of referent power?

It leads change to achieve a superior alignment between a firm and the environment.

Which of the following is true of strategic leadership?

Task oriented

Which style of leadership identified in the LPC theory is similar to job-centered and initiating-structure behaviors in the generic approaches to leadership?

Strategic

Which type of leadership includes the capability to understand the complexities of both an organization and its environment and to lead change in the organization to achieve and maintain a superior alignment between the organization and its environment?

Legitimate

Which type of power is granted by the organization hierarchy to be accorded to people occupying a particular position?

Social systems and individuals are complex.

Why have traditional approaches to leadership theories generally failed?

Rapid change and turbulent environments

Why is transformational leadership becoming more vital to the success of a business?

Impression management

Woojin wears a shirt and tie to work every day, even though it isn't required. He also asked to be placed on high-profile projects so that he can be linked to successful work. Which of the following is Woojin using?

Get disagreements out in the open.

Yui and Arayla don't always get along well, and as a result, they frequently engage in politically motivated behavior to make themselves look good, while making the other look bad. What can their manager do to try to manage political behavior?