Management CH 2

What term describes an approach to management theories that emphasizes identifying the key variables in each management situation, understanding the relationships among these variables, and recognizing the complex system of cause and effect that exists in each and every managerial situation?

Contingency approach

You own your own university. You put all the professors on renewable one-year contracts, and give them raises only if their teaching evaluations are good and they publish one book a year. You also make them all teach three courses a semester. Who is cheering you on from his grave?

Morris Cooke

What is meant by entropy?

The tendency of systems to deteriorate or break down over time

Mass-production techniques of standardized products

lowered production costs, which led to lower prices and expanded markets.

Money, according to Maslow, primarily fills

survival and security needs.

The period of time between 600 A.D. and 1500 A.D. is often described by historians as the

Dark Ages.

Which of the following characteristics relates to the Hawthorne studies?

A group of studies that provided the stimulus for the human-relations movement within management theory and practice

What is meant by capitalism?

An economic system wherein the natural laws of supply and demand and free competition within the marketplace will efficiently regulate the flow of resources within a society

You have an employee-of-the-year award in your insurance business for the employee who consistently has the best attitude and gives the best service to your customers, as measured by compliments you receive about them. Which approach to management is your award based on?

Behavioral

The scientific-management theorist who studied the motions of bricklayers and nearly tripled their productivity was

Frank Gilbreth.

Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor both advocated which of the following approaches to management?

It should be more humanistic.

What name is given to individuals who work primarily with information or who develop and use knowledge in the workplace?

Knowledge workers

The religious movement that argued that each person should consider himself or herself a member of the "elect" was led by

Martin Luther and John Calvin.

You manage a local baseball team, and you allow the nine members to choose the position each will play. Your team has high morale, wins a local tournament, and the members decide to split the winnings equally. You have been influenced by the ideas of

Mary Parker Follett.

At the age of 45, having made your fortune in the hamburger business, you sell the business, retire, and then take up full-time the hobby you love: painting. Whose theory or concept best describes your decision?

Maslow's self-actualization

In Douglas McGregor's famous book The Human Side of Enterprise, he popularized the set of managerial assumptions known as

Theory X versus Theory Y.

What name is given to the assumption that people naturally want to work, are capable of self-control, seek responsibility, are creative, and try to fulfill higher-order needs at work?

Theory Y

Like many of the early scientific management theorists and management writers, Henry Towne was

an engineer.

The role of management, according to Frederick Taylor, includes all of the following EXCEPT

delegating the mental and planning aspects of work to the workers.

"Soldiering," as defined by Frederick Taylor, is

deliberate slowdowns by workers to fool their employers about their actual ability to work.

The so-called "Protestant ethic" held that

hard work and self-denial would lead to a better afterlife.

Henry Gantt's real claim to fame ironically lies in the fact that he attempted to

humanize management.

The real cause of the increase in output at Western Electric's Hawthorne plant was

increased attention paid to workers.

All of the following were characteristics of the "productivity problem" in the early twentieth century EXCEPT

the fundamental inefficiency of standardized mass-production techniques.

Henri Fayol criticized the management education available in his day as

too oriented toward mathematics and engineering.