Management Chapter 11
43. Aptitude tests are also called ____. a. specific ability tests b. cognitive ability tests c. personality tests d. work sample tests e. job-related achievement tests
A
The term ____ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work. a. wages b. value-added c. compensation d. salaries e. fees
C
Which of the following is a common type of rating error to which managers are prone in the performance appraisal process? a. standard deviation b. descriptive bias error c. 80/20 error d. central tendency error e. all of these
D
Which of the following is NOT an example of a pay-variability decision used to motivate employee performance? a. piecework pay b. hierarchical pay c. sales commission d. stock options e. profit sharing
B
Bona fide occupational qualifications would be most likely included in a(n) ____. a. job specification b. employee assignment list c. labor resource guide d. job description e. task inventory
A
Which of the following is an example of a subjective performance measure? a. behavioral observation scales b. sales quotas c. production rate d. revenues e. number of customer complaints
A
35. ____ are procedures used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves and to uncover negative, job-related background information not provided by applicants. a. Integrity checks b. Background checks c. Recruitment evaluation procedures d. Biographical data assessments e. Validation tests
B
Which of the following training methods is most appropriate for imparting information or knowledge to trainees? a. group discussions b. lectures and planned readings c. role-playing d. case studies e. coaching and mentoring
B
What is the primary advantage of the structured interview? a. the amount of background information it reveals b. its ability to substitute for biodata c. all applicants are asked the same questions d. its low costs e. its validity
C
A ____ is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers, and co-workers as well as the employees themselves. a. 360-degree feedback b. performance appraisal iteration c. reciprocal appraisal d. grapevine appraisal e. circular feedback program
A
A study in the construction industry found that when equipment is stolen from building sites, workers are the culprits 82 percent of the time. If background checks reduced employee thievery over a period of time and throughout the industry, then this selection process would be ____. a. validated b. EEOC certified c. legally authorized d. corroborated e. legally binding
A
An ESOP is an ____. a. equitable stock ownership plan b. employee stock ownership plan c. employee salary option program d. equity in salary organizational plan e. employer/subordinate organizational profit
B
____ is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force. a. Functional resource planning b. Human resource management c. Work force forecasting d. Recruiting e. Human resource implementation
B
According to the text, if an employer were to use only one type of selection test, ____ would be the one to use. a. achievement tests b. personality tests c. cognitive ability tests d. work sample tests e. biodata
C
Which of the following is an internal recruiting method? a. advertising b. job fairs c. job posting d. Internet job sites e. walk-ins
C
A perennial problem of teacher education programs is to select the highest quality candidates and to deny admission to those unsuited to work in schools. One suggested method is to ask applicants a series of questions about their experiences with siblings, how they treat stress, their attitude toward procrastination, and ways they like to have fun. This method, which can use over 100 questions, gathers ____. a. background data b. validation material c. work situation assessments d. biodata e. information on affective skills
D
Before beginning to recruit, organizations must ____. a. advertise for job candidates b. create a job description c. conduct a job analysis d. create a job specification e. match salaries to industry average
C
True or False Employee turnover is always bad for an organization
F
True or False Human resource management (HRM) is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified workforce.
T
Which of the following types of information would typically be collected as part of a job analysis? a. work activities b. tools and equipment used c. knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to do the job d. job context e. all of these
E
While ____ is a key part of determining disparate treatment, the courts and federal agencies use ____ to determine if adverse impact has occurred. a. the four-fifths rule; motive b. environmental context; motive c. the 80-20 principle; environmental context d. workplace demographics; intention e. motive; the four-fifths rule
E
True and False Since interviews are especially good at assessing applicants' interpersonal skills, they work especially well together with cognitive ability tests, where the combination leads to even better selection decisions than using either alone.
T
he International Gay Rodeo Association (IGRA) began in 1976. By the end of the 1980s, gay rodeos were being held in more than a dozen states, and today there are 24 chapters that have raised millions for charity. But even the IGRA is not exempt from concerns about discrimination. To avoid claims of ____, straights are allowed to participate in all IGRA events. a. bona fide discrimination b. disparate treatment c. gender selectivity d. quid pro quo selectivity e. hostile impact
B
One of the reasons items manufactured in Southeast Asia can be imported into the United States so cheaply is that workers are paid a small amount of money for each item produced. The manufacturers operating in Southeast Asia use what type of pay plan? a. real-time pay b. compressed pay c. piecework d. batch processing e. commission
C
True or False The only time gender, age, religion, etc. can be used to make employment decisions is when they are considered a bona fide occupational qualification. (BFOQ)
T
A ____ is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job. a. job analysis b. task evaluation c. job specification d. job validation e. job description
A
From a legal perspective, there are two kinds of sexual harassment. They are ____. a. quid pro quo and hostile work environment b. hostile work environment and bona fide c. adverse impact and bona fide d. quid pro quo and bona fide e. adverse impact and disparate treatment
A
The United Kingdom issued a new recruitment publication for the nation's Fire Service. The publication is entitled Start a New Life—Save Someone Else's and lists all of the qualifications needed to become a fire fighter. This recruitment pamphlet is actually a(n) ____. a. job specification b. task inventory c. labor resource guide d. job description e. organizational chart
A
To minimize the problems inherent in firing employees, managers should do which of the following? a. Before firing employees, managers should give them a chance to improve. b. Employees should be fired if they develop a health problem that will put an unforeseen burden on the company's insurance carrier. c. Employees should never be fired in private. d. While written records are not necessary, managers should be sure to verbally report the reason for the firing to the human resource department. e. None of these statements describes what a manager should do to minimize the problems inherent in firing employees.
A
Which of the following is a legal problem employers may encounter in seeking, providing, or using employment references as part of the selection process? a. defamation lawsuits b. adverse impact lawsuits c. product liability lawsuits d. accusations of disparate discrimination e. accusations of reciprocity
A
Which of the following is an external recruiting method? a. advertising b. career paths c. job posting d. needs-assessment implementations e. all of these
A
Which of the following provides employment counseling services for employees faced with downsizing? a. outplacement centers b. reassessment centers c. employee outsourcing d. employee restructuring e. outsourced centers
A
Which of the following statements about performance appraisal is true? a. Most employees and managers intensely dislike the performance appraisal process. b. Performance appraisals can be used as a basis for compensation but not as a basis for determining who needs further training. c. Since performance appraisal is only a marginally important human resource process, any problems associated with it do not affect organizations overall. d. Legally, a disgruntled employee cannot sue an employer on the basis of a dissatisfactory performance appraisal. e. All of these statements about performance appraisal are true.
A
____ ask raters to rate the frequency with which workers perform specific behaviors representative of the job dimensions that are critical to successful job performance. a. Behavioral observation scales b. Observational research studies c. Performance rating scales d. Objective performance measures e. Trait rating scales
A
____ interviewing typically leads to much more accurate hiring decisions (i.e., correctly predicting which job applicants will perform better, and therefore should be hired). a. Structured b. Unstructured c. Scripted d. Formalized e. Scenario
A
____ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs. a. Disparate treatment b. Adverse harassment c. The four-fifths rule d. Deliberate negative reinforcement e. Inequitable discrimination
A
According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, disabilities (and reasonable accommodations for them) should be discussed ____. a. as soon as the résumé has been accepted b. only after a job offer has been made c. during the employment interview d. in written request form, on the application blank, prior to the employment interview e. prior to the organization hiring its first employee
B
Estimates of losses in the HAZMAT driver workforce could vary from 2 percent to 20 percent as a result of new federal regulations requiring that all drivers be fingerprinted and those fingerprints checked to see if the driver has a criminal record. This new ____ will cause a worsening problem for the already over-extended workforce. a. integrity check b. background check c. recruitment evaluation procedure d. biographical data assessment e. validation test
B
Former female employees of a national real estate brokerage firm claimed that they were subjected to lewd remarks, unwanted groping, and sexual propositions by male co-workers. According to their attorney, "The firm created a frat-house culture and then failed to do anything about it." Their suit claims the women were victims of ____. a. disparate treatment b. a hostile work environment c. gender discrimination d. quid pro quo sexual harassment e. adverse treatment
B
The ____ interview uses only standardized, job-related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidates a. formalized b. structured c. semi-structured d. informal e. canned
B
The ____ is a rule of thumb used by the courts and the EEOC to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact. A violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than a specified level of the selection rate for a nonprotected group. a. two-fifths rule b. 80 percent rule c. dysfunctional turnover rule d. disparate treatment rule e. principle of adverse impact
B
Two of the most important results of a job analysis are ____. a. recruiting guidelines and selection boundaries b. job descriptions and job specifications c. rater training and selection validation d. employee-needs assessment and performance appraisal evaluation e. employee-needs assessment and job mapping
B
Which of the following is an internal recruiting method? a. employee referrals b. career paths c. walk-ins d. employment services e. advertisements
B
Engineered Fabrics makes bladders for airplane gas tanks. In the event of a puncture, the bladder will prevent the tank from exploding. The bladders must be defect-free. To check the bladders, company employees must be able to crawl in an 18-inch diameter hole in the bladder side and look for light leaks. A limitation on weight and height of individuals working in quality control at this company would be legal because it is an example of ____. a. the four-fifths rule b. adverse impact rulings c. bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs) d. gender selectivity e. benefits and features of occupational quality (BFOQs)
C
References Etc is a five-employee firm in Maine that, in exchange for a fee of roughly $80 to $90, will pose as a prospective employer, call a prior employer on an employee's behalf, and find out what the former employer is saying. If the prior employer provides unsubstantiated negative information, then the job applicant ____. a. should not use the employee as a reference b. must not list references on the job application c. can sue for defamation d. must lie on the job application form e. must hire an HR expert to check their résumés
C
The fact that a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of ____. a. the four-fifths rule b. adverse impact rulings c. bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs) d. gender selectivity e. benefits and features for occupational quality (BFOQs)
C
Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is true? a. Only people who have themselves been harassed can file complaints or lawsuits. b. Nonemployees cannot be guilty of sexual harassment. c. Sexual harassment can occur between people of the same sex. d. The three kinds of sexual harassment are quid pro quo, bona fide, and disparate treatment. e. None of these statements about sexual harassment is true.
C
Which of the following statements regarding downsizing is true? a. Downsizing refers to the revaluation or splitting of the organization's common stock. b. Downsizing typically leads to increased employee morale. c. When downsizing, outplacement programs can help the company maintain a positive image in the community. d. The best strategy for downsizing is to establish a tall organizational structure as quickly as possible. e. Downsizing is seldom a planned strategy; it typically evolves as a result of environmental changes.
C
Which of the following training methods is most appropriate when the objective of training is practicing, learning, or changing behaviors? a. group discussions b. planned readings and lectures c. role-playing d. case studies e. films and videos
C
____ help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related. a. Job analyses, task evaluations, and employee-needs assessment b. Job descriptions, external environments, and employee mapping c. Job specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions d. Job analyses, task specializations, and external environments e. Internal environments, external environments, and job descriptions
C
A study in the construction industry found that when equipment is stolen from building sites, workers are the culprits 82 percent of the time. Which type of selection information would employers in the construction industry receive the greatest benefit from if their goal is to stop employee theft? a. résumés b. performance appraisals c. job descriptions d. background checks e. connotative ability tests
D
All job applicants for a position in an interior design company were given 10 swatches of fabrics of different colors and textures, 30 different paint chips, and 6 different floor treatments and told to select the best fabric, paint, and floor treatment for an office that would also be used as a guest room. What type of selection test was used in this example? a. biotesting b. cognitive ability testing c. environmental sensitivity testing d. aptitude testing e. personality testing
D
When the CEO opened the nationwide sales force meeting with a crude sexually explicit joke about Foreign Legion soldiers, it was an example of ____. a. an unwelcome sexual advance b. adverse impact discrimination c. demographic discrimination d. sexual harassment e. disparate treatment
D
Which of the following is an example of an objective performance measure? a. performance analyses b. behavioral observation scales c. cognitive ability scales d. input/output measures e. all of these
D
____ is the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job. a. Job validation b. Pool enrichment c. Recruiting d. Selection e. Job inventorying
D
In order to be considered ____, recruitment, selection, training, performance appraisals, and employee separations must be valid and be directly related to the important aspects of the job and identified by a careful job analysis. a. employee related b. reliable c. concrete d. competitive e. job-related
E
One of the disadvantages associated with Internet training is ____. a. its increased popularity b. how it increases employee stress c. how it decreases workplace productivity d. how it increases travel costs e. the cost of equipment and technology
E
The first selection devices most job applicants encounter when they seek a job are ____. a. Internet sites and trade shows b. recruitment centers and Internet sites c. interviews and job application letters d. help wanted ads e. application forms and résumés
E
To ensure that sexual harassment laws are followed and not violated, companies should ____. a. respond immediately when sexual harassment is reported b. write a clear, understandable, strongly worded policy that is well publicized within the company c. make sure they are acting in compliance with not only federal but also local laws d. respect the privacy of the accused and the accusers e. do all of these
E
To which of the following aspects of the human resource management process does federal employment law apply? a. selection decisions b. compensation decisions c. performance appraisals d. training and development activities e. all of these
E
Which of the following is a direct (rather than indirect) measure of job applicants' capability to do the job? a. creativity tests b. cognitive ability tests c. personality tests d. achievement tests e. work sample tests
E
Which of the following is one of the ways in which training can be evaluated? a. reactions of employees b. on how much employees learned c. how much employees actually modified their on-the- job behavior d. how job performance improved e. all of these
E
Which of the following statements about employee separation is true? a. Employee separations may be voluntary or involuntary. b. Examples of employee separation would include terminations, downsizing, retirements, and turnover. c. Wrongful discharge is a legal doctrine that requires employers to have a job-related reason for terminating an employee. d. Outplacement services provide employment-counseling services for employees faced with downsizing. e. All of these statements about employee separation are true
E
True or False Background checks can be used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves.
T
True or False If an HR manager were allowed to use just one selection test, cognitive ability tests would be the one to use.
T
True or False Job analyses, job descriptions, and job specifications help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.
T
True or False Job analysis is a purposeful and systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.
T
True or False Piecework, sales commission, profit sharing, employee stock ownership plans, and stock options are common pay-variability options.
T
True or False To choose the best training method, a company should consider such factors as the number of people to be trained, the cost of training, and the objectives of the training.
T
True or False Training provides opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance.
T
True or False Validation is the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance.
T
Darlene Jespersen worked for nearly 20 years in a Harrah's Casino sports bar. She was an outstanding employee, but she didn't wear makeup because she felt it "took away her credibility" and interfered with her ability to be an effective bartender, which sometimes required her to deal with unruly, intoxicated guests. This changed when Harrah's implemented a "beverage department image transformation" program. Female employees were told they would be fired if they did not wear makeup. Jespersen contended that it was an example of ____ because male employees did not have to wear makeup. a. disparate treatment b. adverse harassment c. the four-fifths rule d. deliberate negative reinforcement e. inequitable discrimination
A
Despite the layoffs and plant closings that have eliminated thousands of jobs over the past two years, the Louisiana chemical industry faces a looming shortage of process operators and is hiring new ones as fast as it can. The average age of an effective plant operator is 50. A wave of retirements among these highly qualified and experienced operators in coming years will create openings for as many as 10,000 operators in the chemical industry. The retirement of the current operators is an example of ____. a. de-employment b. dysfunctional turnover c. reactive turnover d. regressive turnover e. a "brain leak"
B
Sharron Grant-Burton was a marketing director for Covenant Care, owner of skilled-nursing and assisted-living facilities. During a discussion of the fairness of the company's bonus structure with other marketing directors, Grant-Burton said she did not receive a bonus because her executive director "did not believe in them." Several days later, Grant-Burton was fired and told she had been terminated for a number of unspecified reasons, including her comments about bonuses. This is an example of a ____. a. de-employment b. wrongful discharge c. reactive termination d. regressive turnover e. proactive termination
B
What type of job interview might be used after a background question revealed the applicant had spent three years working in Africa convincing parents to allow their children to take polio vaccine? a. canned b. semistructured c. tangential d. creative e. programmed
B
Which of the following statements about Internet recruiting is true? a. Internet recruiting costs are considerably higher than traditional external recruiting methods. b. The Internet allows companies to quickly reach large numbers of people. c. The company will only receive applications from qualified people. d. There are no drawbacks to Internet recruiting. e. All of these are statements about Internet recruiting are true.
B
Which of the following statements about employee turnover is true? a. For top management, dysfunctional turnover is preferable to functional turnover. b. One of the best ways to discourage turnover is to link pay directly to performance. c. Employee turnover is the loss of employees who involuntarily choose to leave a company. d. Functional turnover requires outplacement centers. e. Sales commissions and bonuses should not be used to decrease employee turnover.
B
Which of the following statements about federal employment law is true? a. This body of law has not changed during the last two decades. b. The intent of anti-discrimination law is to make factors such as gender, race, or age irrelevant in employment decisions. c. Federal law prohibits the use of gender, race, and age as the basis for employment decisions under all circumstances. d. All federal laws are administered by the Department of Labor. e. Federal employment laws do not deal with training and development activities.
B
Which of the following statements about validation is true? a. The Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures recommend validation only for written tests used as selection procedures. b. Validation refers to the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance. c. A test is said to be valid when it produces the same results every time it is used. d. In terms of recruitment, validation is most important in identifying what training prospective employees need. e. None of these statements about validation is true.
B
Which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs? a. specific ability tests b. cognitive ability tests c. personality tests d. achievement tests e. work sample tests
B
____ determine the worth of each job by determining the market value of the knowledge, skills, and requirements needed to perform it. a. Work performance scales b. Job evaluations c. Job analyses d. Pay variability charts e. Hierarchical pay structures
B
____ is the form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment. a. Bona fide sexual harassment b. Quid pro quo sexual harassment c. Adverse impact sexual harassment d. Disparate gender treatment e. Hostile work environment sexual harassment
B
____ is the loss of high-performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave a company. a. De-employment b. Dysfunctional turnover c. Reactive turnover d. Regressive turnover e. A "brain leak"
B
____ is unintentional discrimination in which there is a substantially different rate of selection in hiring, promotion, or other employment decisions that works to the disadvantage of members of a particular race, sex, age, ethnicity, or protected group. a. Disparate treatment b. Adverse impact c. Bona fide discrimination d. Unsolicited discrimination e. Demographic discrimination
B
To improve traditional performance appraisal feedback sessions, it is recommended that managers ____. a. combine developmental feedback and administrative feedback b. strengthen the grading aspect of performance appraisal c. base performance appraisal feedback sessions on self-appraisals d. use outsourcing e. use either a halo or a recency measure
C
Which of the following questions is deemed acceptable (i.e., "legal") for employers to ask applicants during the selection process? a. Are you a United States citizen? b. Have you ever filed a lawsuit against an employer? c. Have you ever been convicted of a crime? d. Do you smoke or use tobacco products? e. none of these
C
Which of the following statements about 360-degree feedback is true? a. 360-degree feedback is most effective when used to train performance raters. b. A 360-degree feedback provides feedback from peer workers only. c. With the 360-degree feedback approach, feedback comes from four sources. d. Employees do not provide feedback about their own efforts in the 360-degree feedback approach. e. 360-degree feedback should not be used for developmental purposes.
C
Which of the following statements about résumés and job application forms is true? a. Résumés and job application forms provide the employer with distinctly different information for each candidate. b. It is nearly impossible to check the information provided on résumés. c. Employee-related laws apply to job application forms and résumés. d. Potential employees typically create résumés that honestly describe their work experiences. e. There is international agreement on what type of information can be gathered on job application forms
C
____ means providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance. a. Supervising b. Directing c. Training d. Mentoring e. Mediating
C
hat type of error did the manager use when she rated all of her subordinates as above-average in all performance areas? a. central tendency error b. validity error c. leniency error d. halo error e. superlative error
C
Cognitive ability tests are also called aptitude tests
F
True or False Disparate treatment and adverse impact are defined in labor laws issued by the National Labor Relations Board.
F
True or False Dysfunctional turnover is the loss of high-performing employees due to unplanned downsizing.
F
True or False Full compliance with federal law is enough to ensure that an organization cannot incur liability in sexual harassment complaints.
F
True or False In legal terms, intentional discrimination by an employer is identified as adverse impact while unintentional discrimination is called disparate treatment.
F
True or False Once a company finishes the downsizing process, it should never need to downsize again.
F
True or False Wrongful discharge is a legal doctrine that requires a manager to have the approval of the human resource manager to terminate employees.
F
True or False A job specification summarizes the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job, and a job description summarizes the qualifications needed to successfully perform the job.
F
True or False In setting their pay structures, companies use a procedure, known as performance assessment, which determines the worth of each job by determining the market value of the knowledge, skills, and requirements needed to perform it.
F
True or False The hostile work environment form of sexual harassment occurs when employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to being sexually harassed.
F
