Management Chapter 15
The human relations view assumes that the contributions themselves are valuable to both individuals and organizations.
f
The two methods of increasing the frequency of a behavior are positive reinforcement and extinction.
f
The two methods of reducing the frequency of behavior are punishment and avoidance.
f
According to the text, performance is basically determined by Group of answer choicesintelligence, environmental influences, and ability.ability, motivation, and environment.motivation, intelligence, and ability.inner drives, psychological needs, and motivation.motivation, experience, and subordinates.
ability, motivation, and environment.
Book clubs around the country include readers who not only enjoy reading, but also are fulfilling their needs for
affiliation.
Mother Theresa was asked which country was the poorest. She replied, "the United States, because people are so lonely there." The culture of the U.S. does not do a good job of meeting the need for
belongingness
What need is evidenced by the fact that people buy life and health insurance and deposit money in savings accounts?
Existence
Ron Cole enjoys many good friendships with the people he works with, but feels a real need to achieve great things in his job. He tries everything he can think of to get his boss to give him a meaningful project to work on and to gain some recognition for what he does, but to no avail. Finally, he concludes that he is wasting his time and reverts to nourishing his friendships with coworkers. What concept from the ERG theory of motivation would explain this renewed interest in friendships?
Frustration-regression element
Unions nearly always bargain for retirement packages and comprehensive medical plans. Recently, they have begun negotiating for advanced notice of plant closings. What need level from Maslow's hierarchy do these demands represent?
Security
Which historical approach to motivation is based on scientific management and takes an economic incentive approach to motivation?
Traditional
The historical perspectives on motivation are the traditional, human relations, and contingency approaches.
f
The title Major General is a way to help satisfy someone's need for
esteem
Abraham Maslow was a traditionalist.
f
An advantage of merit pay over incentive pay is that merit pay is typically a one-shot reward that does not accumulate by adding to base salary.
f
Content perspectives focus on why people choose certain behavioral options to fulfill their needs and how they evaluate their satisfaction after they have attained these goals.
f
Goal commitment is the extent to which a goal is challenging and requires effort.
f
If needs remain unsatisfied, the person will become frustrated, regress to a lower level, and begin to pursue those things again. This is called the two-factor theory.
f
Individual performance is generally determined by three things: skills, pay, and friends.
f
People with a high need for power have a desire to assume personal responsibility, a tendency to set moderately difficult goals, a desire for specific and immediate feedback, and a preoccupation with their tasks.
f
Performance based rewards violates the equity theory.
f
Practicing one's faith is part of meeting ____ and ____ needs.
growth, relatedness
According to the ____ approach to motivation, the illusion of employee involvement and importance is sufficient to satisfy workers' basic social needs and result in higher motivation to perform.
human relations
According to the ERG theory of motivation
more than one level of needs can operate simultaneously.
Al just graduated from college with a 3.86 GPA in finance. Last summer he had an internship at a Federal Reserve Bank and received glowing performance reports. He has just gone to work for a Wall Street investment banking firm noted for providing its people with all the tools they need to succeed and then letting them sink or swim. Moore is determined to rise rapidly in the organization. From this information, Al's ____ should be high.
performance
GM and the UAW announced an agreement to increase pay of entry-level employees. This will affect the ____ needs of these employees.
physiological
It can be argued that ____ needs must be met entirely from within the individual.
self-actualization
A Scanlon plan is similar to gainsharing, but the distribution of gains is tilted more heavily to employees.
t
ERG theory suggests that more than one level of need can cause motivation at the same time.
t
Emergency medical technicians work 48 hour shifts every seven days. They use a compressed work schedule.
t
Empowerment is more comprehensive than participation.
t
Goal-setting theory can be used to implement both expectancy and equity theory concepts.
t
Most managers are not directly involved with meeting an employees need for self-actualization. However, if the work involves the employees faith and helping others, the need is more likely to be met.
t
Reinforcement perspectives explain the role of rewards that cause behavior to change or remain the same over time.
t
Reinforcement schedules based on behaviors are called ratio reinforcement schedules.
t
Research has found that people from different cultures are likely to have different need categories and hierarchies.
t
The goal for the manager is to maximize the likelihood an employee will choose to work as hard as possible at a job.
t
The goal-setting theory of motivation assumes that behavior is a result of conscious goals and intentions.
t
The method for applying the basic elements of reinforcement theory in an organizational setting is called behavior modification.
t
When actors are playing a part, they try to determine what causes a character to behave in a certain way. The actor is searching for the character's motivation.
t
