Management chapter 2

Which individuals helped pioneer administrative management theory?

Max Weber Charles Clinton Spaulding Henri Fayol

Identify the two theorists who contributed the most to the human relations movement.

McGregor Maslow

An open system fosters the idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. This is known as _____.

Synergy

McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y based on the realization that managers should _____.

be aware of their attitudes toward employees

Theory X and Theory Y underscore the idea that manager behaviors are impacted by their _____.

beliefs

According to the ____ viewpoint, a management problem should be handled according to the individual and the environmental situation.

contingency

Today, the word bureaucracy is associated with inflexibility. But to Max Weber, a bureaucracy was an efficient and ideal organization based on principles of _____.

logic

In terms of the systems viewpoint, profits and losses are types of _______.

outputs

The various parts that make up a complete system are commonly known as

subsystems

Who is known as the "father of industrial psychology" because of his revolutionary ideas on studying human behavior in workplaces?

Hugo Munsterberg

Within the systems viewpoint, what four things are considered parts of a system?

Inputs Transformational processes Outputs Feedback

Maslow's hierarchy of human needs proposes that people are motivated by which needs?

Love Physiological Esteem Self-actualization Safety

The _____ studies are credited with drawing attention to the importance of the social nature of workers and the need for good human relations in fostering employee productivity.

Hawthorne

In which ways did Munsterberg suggest that psychologists could contribute to industry?

1.)Identify the people who are best suited for a job. 2.)Identify ways managers can encourage employees to take desired actions. 3.)Recognize the psychological conditions necessary for employees to do their best work.

complexity theory?

1.)It seeks to understand how organizations adapt to their environments. 2.)It recognizes that all complex systems are networks of many interdependent parts that interact according to certain simple rules. 3.)It is used in strategic management and organizational studies. 4.)It is the study of how order and pattern arise from complicated, chaotic systems.

What are the contemporary approaches to management?

1.)Shared value and sustainable development 2.)High-performance practices 3.)Learning organizations

According to the Hawthorne effect hypothesized by Mayo and colleagues, when did employees work harder?

1.)They thought managers cared about their welfare. 2.)They believed supervisors paid special attention to them. 3.)They received added attention.

What is the focus of PRME?

Business Education

Which management perspectives typically consider an organization to be a closed system?

Classical management viewpoint Management science perspective

_____ approaches to management include learning organizations, high-performance work practices, and sustainable development.

Contemporary

Which management viewpoint asks the question, "What method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?"

Contingency

positive features of bureaucracy according to Max Weber.

Formal rules and procedures Specialists for complex tasks Clear hierarchy Impersonality Merit-based careers

What are primary concerns of shared value and sustainable development?

Environmental effects Social impacts Global equilibrium

Renata is using the systems perspective to analyze her company. Which of the following should be included in her input analysis?

Equipment

According to the systems viewpoint, what are three types of inputs?

Equipment People Money

What are Taylor's principles of scientific management?

Evaluate a task by scientifically studying each part of it. Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task.

What organization launched the PRME?

United Nations

A supervisor who considers employees to be irresponsible and resistant to change would be characterized as a Theory _______ manager.

X

The original focus of the Hawthorne studies was the ______.

effects of lighting levels on worker productivity

In order to follow Mary Parker Follett's concept of integration, a company should ______.

hold meetings between managers and workers to solve problems in a mutually beneficial way