Management chapter 2 (real)

What effects did Frank Gilbreth's system working smarter, not harder, produce? (Choose every correct answer.)

Increased worker productivity Lower costs

The classical period of management ran from the mid-19th century to ______.

the mid-1900s

According the sociotechnical systems theory, organizations are effective when their employees have the appropriate ______. (Choose every correct answer.)

the right tools training knowledge to make products and service that are valued by customer

According to Taylor's differential piecerate system, it was assumed that workers were motivated by ______.

money

What did the scientific management approach advocate? (Check all that apply)

1)Use of scientific methods to determine how to efficiently complete tasks 2) Application of scientific methods to analyze work

Division of work, unity of command, equity, and initiative are among the fourteen principles of management defined by the ______ approach.

Administrative

Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling are the five functions of management as defined by the ______ approach.

Administrative

The ______ management approach suggested that management was a profession.

Administrative

Which management approach emphasized the perspective of senior managers within the organization and stressed that management was a profession that could be taught?

Administrative management

Which statement about classical and contemporary approaches to management is true?

Both classical and contemporary approaches seek to identify real issues facing managers and provide tools for solving future problems

Which classical management approach emphasized a structured, formal network of relationships among specialized positions in the organization?

Bureaucracy

How did Henry Gantt expand the piecerate system?

By giving a bonus to frontline supervisors whose employees completed their daily tasks

Bureaucracy is a(n) ______ management approach emphasizing a structured, formal network of relationships among specialized positions within an organization.

Classical

Scientific management is a(n) ______ approach that applied scientific methods to analyze and determine the best way to complete production tasks.

Classical

The ______ period of management lasted from the mid-19th century through the early 1950s.

Classical

Which theory or perspective contends there is no one best way to manage and organize because circumstances vary?

Contingency Perspective

Which of the following are Fayol's five functions of management? (Check all that apply)

Coordinating commanding planning organizing controlling

Which aspect of modern business does Martin Davidson focus on in his work?

Diversity and inclusion

Which of the following are part of Fayol's fourteen principles of management? (Check all that apply)

Division of work authority discipline unity of direction unity of command subordination of individual interest remuneration centralization scalar chain order equity stability initiative Esprit de corps

Systematic management emphasized which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

Economical operations Adequate staffing Maintenance of inventories to meet consumer demand Organizational control

True or false: The researchers of the Hawthorne Studies concluded that productivity is affected more by physical and objective influences than by psychological and social factors.

False

According to McGregor, which theory assumes workers are generally unmotivated and lazy and require constant supervision?

Theory X

The self-fulfilling prophecy is an important implication for managers who subscribe to ______.

Theory X

Which of McGregor's theories suggests that managers who encourage participation and look for employee initiative will achieve superior performance?

Theory Y

What techniques did Taylor use to implement the scientific management approach?

Time-and-motion studies

In 1943, Maslow suggested that humans have _____ levels of needs.

five

Fredrick Taylor introduced the classical management approach known as ______.

Scientific Management

Which classical management approach applied scientific methods to analyze and determine the best way to complete production tasks?

Scientific Management

Which classical management approach involved the use of time-and-motion studies?

Scientific management

The human relations approach to management was influenced most significantly by which of the following other approaches? (Choose every correct answer.)

Scientific management and administrative management

When a manager treats employees as lazy, unmotivated, and in need of tight supervision, then the employees eventually fulfill the manager's expectations. This is known as _______.

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Which workplace issues has Sheryl Sandberg written about? (Choose every correct answer.)

Sexism and pay inequality

Organizational behavior draws from a variety of disciplines including which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

Sociology and psychology

_____________________ management attempted to build into operations the specific procedures that would ensure coordination of effort to achieve goals.

Systematic

Which classical approach to management stressed economical operations, adequate staffing, and organizational control?

Systematic Management

Which classical approach to management was discovered to be inefficient and wasteful and accompanied by poor production and wages?

Systematic management

Which classical management approach focused on building specific procedures into operations that would ensure coordination of effort?

Systematic management

Who developed a system to lower costs and increase worker productivity by showing how employees could work smarter, not harder?

Frank Gilbreth

Who introduced the scientific management approach?

Fredrick Taylor

What tool helps employees and managers plan projects by task and time to complete those tasks?

Gantt chart

The __________ chart is a tool that helps employees and managers plan projects by task and time to complete those tasks.

Gnatt

The ______ Studies were a series of experiments that evaluated the effects of factory lighting on employee productivity.

Hawthorne

Abraham was a huge

Human relation

Which management approach refutes universal principles of management by stating that a variety of internal and external factors affect organizational performance?

The contingency perspective

Sociotechnical systems theory, quantitative management, organizational behavior, and systems theory are all examples of ______ approaches to management.

comtemporary

True or false: Maslow contends that individuals try to satisfy their higher-level needs then move toward the lower-level needs.

false

Which early classical approach theorist expanded the piecerate system by suggesting that bonuses be offered to frontline supervisors whose employees completed their daily tasks?

henry gnatt

The Hawthorne Studies concluded that employee productivity and behavior were more influenced by ______.

informal work groups

Which approach emerged from a research project that began as a scientific management study?

Human relation

What is the name of the study that investigated the influence of physical working conditions on workers' productivity and efficiency in a suburban Chicago factory?

Hawthorne Study

After businesses identified the "one best way" to perform a job, Taylor emphasized that they should ______.

Hire and train the proper worker for that job

Which shortcomings did Fredrick Taylor discover in organizations that used systematic management? (Choose every correct answer.)

Inefficiency and waste were prevalent Production and pay were poor There was unused potential

Why did critics suggest that Taylor's scientific management approach was not useful for managers at the senior level?

It failed to account for external factors such as competition and government regulations

Which modern contributor was criticized for the practice of forced rankings of employees by performance but is viewed as mastering all the critical aspects of leadership?

Jack Welch

Who was known as the "mother of modern management"?

Lillian Gilbreth

Which of the following is one of Frederick Taylor's guidelines for scientific management?

Manager should ensure that the right person has the right job

Which of the following are examples of flexible work arrangements? (Choose every correct answer.)

Mobile communications virtual teamwork social networking

Who wrote the book Blue Ocean Strategy?

W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne

Human relations was the first major approach to emphasize which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

Worker Satisfaction Informal work relationships

Theory ______ suggests that managers who encourage participation and allow opportunities for individual challenge will achieve superior performance.

Y

The products and services organizations create are called ______.

outputs

According to Taylor's differential _____ system, workers were motivated by money.

piecerate

Which management approach emphasized the application of mathematical tools, such as linear programming, statistical decision theory, and queuing theory, to management decisions and problems?

quantitative management

Prior to the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries, most managers operated on a(n) ______ basis.

trial-and-error

True or false: Abraham Maslow was a major contributor to the human relations approach to management.

true

Which statement best describes the systems theory view of the organization?

Organizations are open systems that exist in a feedback loop with the external environment.

Which of the following are Taylor's principles of scientific management? (Choose every correct answer.)

1) Management should develop a precise, scientific approach for each element of each job to replace general guidelines 2) Management should scientifically select and place each worker so that the right person has the right job 3) Management should cooperate with workers to ensure that jobs match plans and principles 4) Management should ensure an appropriate division of work and responsibility between manager and workers

What were some criticisms of scientific management? (Choose every correct answer.)

1)Ignored many job-related social and psychological factors by emphasizing only money as a worker incentive 2)production tasks were reduced to a set of routine, machinelike procedures that led to boredom, apathy, and quality control problem 3)Union strongly opposed scientific management techniques because they believed management might abuse power to set the standard and the piecerates 4)It did not help manager deal with broader external issues such as competitor and government regulations

The practice of management has been around since ______.

5000 BC

The_________________ Studies investigated the influence of physical working conditions on a worker's productivity and efficiency in one of Western Electric Company's suburban Chicago factories.

Hawthorne effect

Which of the following are factors of importance to the scientific management approach? (Choose every correct answer.)

Hiring and training proper workers using instruction cards standardizing tools providing break to eliminate fatigue

Which approach to management was aimed at understanding how psychological and social processes interact with the work situation to influence performance?

Human relation

Which management approach was the first major approach to focus on informal work relationships and employee satisfaction?

Human relation

The approach to management that was developed in the 1930s and emphasized the interaction of social processes with the work situation was known as ______.

Human relations

Which approach emerged from a research project that began as a scientific management study?

Human relations

The first stage of the Hawthorne studies examined the effects of ______ on productivity.

Illumination

Lillian Gilbreth was known as the "mother of ______ management."

Modern

Which of the following are characteristics of the systems theory approach to management? (Choose every correct answer.)

Organizations transform inputs into outputs that meet market demands. Organizations' interaction with the external environment creates a feedback loop that provides input for the next cycle. Organizations are open systems that are dependent on the external environment.

Which of the following are characteristics of the systems theory approach to management? (Choose every correct answer.)

Organizations' interaction with the external environment creates a feedback loop that provides input for the next cycle. Organizations transform inputs into outputs that meet market demands. Organizations are open systems that are dependent on the external environment.

True or false: When workers perform and react differently because they are being observed, it is known as the Hawthorne Effect.

True