Management; Chapter 9

A tendency to be generally downbeat and pessimistic, and seeming to be in a bad mood is called _____. a) negative affectivity b) self-efficacy c) intraversion d) cognitive dissonance e) neuroticism

A

A tendency to be relatively upbeat and optimistic, have an overall sense of wellbeing, and to be in a good mood is called _____. a) positive affectivity b) self-efficacy c) intraversion d) cognitive dissonance e) neuroticism

A

Fred has seen some movies depicting wars that took place in Iraq—all directed by women—which were so inaccurate that he refuses to see another war movie. Fred assumes that women are incapable of creating war movies. Fred's assumptions are an example of _____. a) stereotyping b) conscientiousness c) extraversion d) introversion e) authoritarianism

A

Gerald assumes the Lucy is a poor performer and never takes her work seriously, based on his previous experiences. In spite of exhibiting better performances in other projects, he refuses to work with her based on his assumptions. Gerald's behavior is an example of _____. a) selective perception b) positive affectivity c) organizational citizenship d) external locus of control e) negative emotionality

A

Identify the reason why organizations are unable to achieve a perfect person-job fit. a) Imperfect selection processes b) Static nature of people c) Consistent traits among individuals d) Static nature of organizations e) Similarity in skills required for different jobs

A

Personal attributes that vary from one person to another are called _____. a) individual differences b) organizational inducements c) employee contributions d) stressors d) psychological contracts

A

Some smokers block out negative information about the health effects of smoking because they do not want to change their behavior. This is an example of _____. a) selective perception b) attribution c) objective reality d) stereotyping e) negative affectivity

A

Travis observes that one of his employees always refuses to look him in the eye. He wonders if the employee lacks respect for him. Later, Travis sees that other employees also fail to look him in the eye. Travis decides that the employees are not disrespectful of him, but rather that he must be intimidating them. Travis makes this attribution based on _____. a) consensus b) consistency c) distinctiveness d) stereotyping e) selective perception

A

Which of the following is a dysfunctional behavior? a) Absenteeism b) Organizational commitment c) Organizational citizenship d) Conscientiousness e) Creative behavior

A

_____ are the total set of work-related behaviors that the organization expects the individual to display.​ ​a) Performance behaviors ​b) Withdrawal behaviors ​c) Dysfunctional behaviors ​d) Cognitive dissonance ​e) Machiavellianism

A

_____ is a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness. a) Workplace behavior b) Psychological contract c) Person-job fit d) Cognitive dissonance e) Organizational commitment

A

Annika is excited about her new job. She thinks it will be exciting, fulfilling, rewarding, and allow her the standard of living she is looking for. She has made a(n) _____ with her new employer. a) inducement b) psychological contract c) contribution d) person-job fit e) written agreement

B

Compared to extraverts, intraverts are more: a) sociable. b) worn out by others. c) open to establishing new relationships. d) talkative. e) assertive.

B

Creativity within organizations can be enhanced by: a) encouraging employees to have less risk propensity. b) making it part of the organization's culture. c) training individuals to have an external locus of control. d) employing only those individuals from environments that nurture creativity. e) setting ambiguous goals and objectives.

B

Eleanor, a scientist at Medivac Inc., develops a prototype for a new vaccine to determine whether the vaccine works as designed. Eleanor is in the _____ stage of the creative process. a) preparation b) verification c) insight d) incubation e) cognitive dissonance

B

Identify the contribution made by an individual to a psychological contract. a) Job security b) Recognition c) Pay d) Effort e) Benefit

B

Individuals become aware of and interpret information about their environment through a set of processes called _____. a) general adaptation syndrome b) perception c) objective reality d) stereotyping e) burnout

B

Nadine, a manager, observes that every time one of her subordinates, Peter, calls in sick, it is the day after she has made a decision Peter did not agree with. She attributes his absences to stress or resentment on his part. Nadine makes this attribution based on _____. a) consensus b) consistency c) distinctiveness d) turnover e) absenteeism

B

Organizations can benefit from turnovers if: a) the individuals who quit have to be replaced immediately. b) they are trying to cut costs. c) turnovers involve productive people. d) the current unemployment rates are high. e) a good person-job fit is the cause for a turnover.

B

When Amy is in a room full of strangers she becomes energized to interact with them. Which of the following personality traits does Amy portray? a) Locus of control b) Extraversion c) Machiavellianism d) Authoritarianism e) Conscientiousness

B

When a manager leaves his or her job to accept a job at another organization, the organization left behind is experiencing: a) cognitive dissonance. b) turnover. c) absenteeism. d) stereotyping. e) burnout.

B

_____ is a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task. a) Openness. b) Self-efficacy c) Locus of control d) Risk propensity e) Authoritarianism

B

_____ is the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute. a) Cognitive dissonance b) Stereotyping c) Machiavellianism d) Inducement e) Negative emotionality

B

_____ refers to a person's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests. a) Self-efficacy b) Openness c) Self-monitoring d) Risk propensity e)Machiavellianism

B

Charlie's belief that only luck determines what happens to him portrays that he has _____. a) high self-esteem. b) low emotional intelligence c) an external locus of control d) authoritarian personality e) low risk propensity

C

Compared to Type A individuals, Type B individuals are: a) more likely to be aggressive and impatient. b) more devoted to work. c) less likely to experience conflict with other people. d) less likely to have a balanced approach to life. e) less successful.

C

Jared called in sick so that he could go golfing. Jared's action is an example of: a) turnover. b) role conflict. c) absenteeism. d) organizational citizenship. e) performance behavior.

C

Patricia, a joyful personality, is disgruntled on hearing that Terry, a subordinate, has moved ahead of her for a promotion. Realizing that Terry has been rewarded for his potential, she congratulates him and returns to her normal self. Patricia's mood swing portrays a high degree of _____. a) authoritarianism b) self-efficacy c) positive affectivity d) cognitive dissonance e) neuroticism

C

Theresa gets her energy from solitude, prefers detail-oriented concrete projects, and bases her decisions on logical reasoning. Based on the Myers-Briggs framework, Theresa can be differentiated as a(n) _____. a) extrovert b) intuitive c) thinker d) judging type e) perceiving type

C

_____ is an individual's power to think intelligently and to analyze situations and data effectively. a) Selective perception b) Positive affectivity c) Cognitive ability d) Creativity e)Attribution

C

_____ is the extent to which a person experiences anxiety or is poised, calm, resilient, and secure. a) Agreeableness b) Conscientiousness c) Neuroticism d) Extraversion e) Openness

C

Avida Sports developed a sensor system that swimmers wear in the water and get computerized analysis of their stroke. Avida signed an agreement with a swim club to test the product before increasing production. Avida is in the _____ stage of the creative process. a) insight b) incubation c) preparation d) verification e) cognitive dissonance

D

Christine admires her friend Paul's extraverted nature. She knows that he is always ready to meet with her and other colleagues to share ideas. Christine's knowledge about Paul portrays the _____ component of her attitude. a) affective b) stereotypical c) affirmative d) cognitive e) dissonance

D

Herman believes he needs balance between work and his personal life. He does not work on weekends but works at a constant pace irrespective of business deadlines. He exhibits a: a) Type A personality. b) feeling of exhaustion. c) dogmatic characteristic. d) Type B personality. e) cognitive dissonance.

D

Identify the personality trait that is included in the Big Five Model of personality. a) Self-esteem b) Authoritarianism c) Self-efficacy d) Agreeableness e) Locus of control

D

Individual behavior that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization is called _____. a) performance behavior b) positive inducement c) motivational behavior d) organizational citizenship e) perceptive contribution

D

Jessica, a university student, accepts everything Prof. Hendricks has to say solely because he is the professor. It can be inferred that Jessica has _____. a) high self-esteem b) internal locus of control c) low self-efficacy d) a highly authoritarian personality e) a high risk propensity

D

Katherine works as a photographer for a major news organization. She is assigned to cover stories from around the world. What organizational inducement applies to Katherine's situation? a) Opportunities for advancement b) Efforts to cover stories c) Skills in photography d) Opportunities to travel around the world e) Loyalty to the organization

D

The conflict individuals may experience among their own attitudes is called _____. a) risk propensity b) emotional intelligence c) organizational commitment d) cognitive dissonance e) negative affectivity

D

The extent to which the contributions made by an individual match the inducements offered by an organization is called as _____. a) individual difference b) organizational inducement c) employee contribution d) person-job fit e) psychological contract

D

Which of the following is a basic perceptual process? a) Cognitive dissonance b) Inducement c) Machiavellianism d) Stereotyping e) Negative emotionality

D

A person's ability to get along with others in an organization is known as _____. a) locus of control b) conscientiousness c) Machiavellianism d) authoritarianism e) agreeableness

E

An individual who experiments with new ideas and gambles on new products is said to have a(n) _____. a) external locus of control b) authoritarian outlook c) Machiavellian personality d) low self-esteem e) high risk propensity

E

Doreen often takes up more tasks than she can handle, and becomes disorganized and careless. In this scenario, Doreen portrays _____. a) high risk propensity b) openness to listening c) an internal locus of control d) an external locus of control e) low levels of conscientiousness

E

Identify the personality trait that a creative individual would most likely posses. a) Low agreeableness b) High Machiavellianism c) Negative affectivity d) Intraversion e) Openness

E

Officers in the US military have no control over employee pay. It is all based on time of service and rank. The military uses medals and ribbons to acknowledge excellence. The medals are an example of _____. a) intangible rewards b) job tasks c) stressors d) contributions e) inducements

E

Someone who is content with a low level job, is not confident, and focuses on extrinsic rewards has _____. a) high level of self-awareness b) authoritative characteristics c) high self-efficacy d) external locus of control e) low self-esteem

E