Management Exam 2

What is the time frame of an operational plan?

1-52 weeks

Which of the following best represents the strategic planning time frame that Jeff Bezos of Amazonprefers?

10-20 years

Which of the following is a good reason to avoid delegating tasks?

A fear that sensitive personnel matters will not be kept private.

If a business lacks insight or fails to use the adaptive cycle properly, it is likely to be which of the following?

A reactor

Which of the following is not a description of organizational culture?

A system of reporting relationships.

__________ means that managers must report and justify work results to managers above them.

Accountability

Which of the following is not one of the mechanisms used to embed culture into an organization?

Accounting practices.

What cultural perspective assumes that the most effective cultures help organizations anticipate and adapt to environmental changes?

Adaptive perspective

Which of the following cultural perspectives leads to the highest long-term financial performance?

Adaptive perspective

A company producing cameras and video cameras prefers to focus its resources on a fast imitationprogram to reverse-engineer new features from competitors and add those, rather than implementing truly inventive features. Miles and Snow would call this company a(n)

Analyzer

Which of the following is an example of an observable artifact of organizational culture?

Awards ceremonies

Hard-working people at insurance giant AIG joked that "thank heavens it's Friday because that means there are only two more working days until Monday." This is characteristic of which layer of organizational culture?

Basic assumptions

Which of the following is a stage in the life of an organization?

Birth

Katsuro started a tax consulting business with his friend Carey. They have a small space in a strip mall and one administrative assistant. At which stage of the organizational life cycle is their business?

Birth stage

Which of the following is a characteristic of a simple structure?

Centralized authority.

In terms of difficulty, the best goals are

Challenging but realistic

The competing values framework classifies organizational cultures into which of the following?

Clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy cultures.

Improving future plans is part of which step in the planning/control cycle?

Controlling the direction

Jordan, a sales manager, met with his staff to discuss that they were only a third of the way to their sales goal, but halfway through the sales period. He was looking for suggestions to improve second- half performance. Which part of the planning/control cycle is Jordan doing?

Controlling the direction

______ help you ignore extraneous matters in favor of focusing on what's important, which is realizing the goals on time and on budget

Deadlines

A company that is an expert at producing and selling narrowly defined products or services, and which does not tend to seek opportunities outside its present market is known by Miles and Snow as a(n)

Defender

Which of the following is associated with operational planning?

Directing daily taks of non-managerial personnel

END CHAPTER 8

END

The adaptive cycle portrays businesses as continuously cycling through three kinds of businessdecisions: entrepreneurial, ______, and administrative

Engineering

______ values are the explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization.

Espoused

A bike messenger company that operates in the downtown area of a large city recently set thefollowing goal: "All deliveries should be completed as quickly as possible." This example meets the criteria for a SMART goal

False

A clan culture has an external focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control.

False

A company with a formalized, structured work environment aimed at achieving efficiency, timeliness, and reliability in the creation and delivery of products has a clan culture.

False

A formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinate and motivate an organization's members is known as an organizational configuration.

False

A mission statement expresses what the organization should become and where it wants to go strategically

False

A policy includes more specifics than does a rule

False

A ritual is a narrative based on true events, which is repeated and sometimes embellished upon to emphasize a particular value of an organization.

False

A steady-state career entails a slow-but-steady growth in level of responsibility and compensation

False

A transitory career path involves a series of alternating promotions and demotions

False

According to Miles and Snow's basic strategy types, a defender protects its strong position in anindustry by constantly seeking new opportunities for growth

False

Allowing business-casual dress in the workplace is an example of the espoused values portion of organizational culture.

False

Amazon's statement in which it states its desire "to be the earth's most customer-centric company; to build a place where people can come to find and discover anything they might want to buy online" is a mission statement

False

An organization with different groupings of people based on its products, customers, or geographic regions has a functional structure.

False

As part of the planning process, businesses set what are known as targets, which are specific commitments to achieve measurable results within a stated period of time

False

Blockbuster Video was slow to adapt to the latest trends in its industry, such as DVD-by-mail and movie downloads online. When it tried to incorporate the same into its business model, it was well behind competitors like Netflix. Blockbuster might be defined as a defender, according to Miles and Snow

False

Business founders and subsequent managers primarily use power and coercion to embed the culture into the organization.

False

Companies that must respond to fast-changing customer tastes often favor a mechanistic structure to an organic one.

False

Corporate culture is as also known as organizational structure.

False

Director of accounting is an example of a staff position.

False

Espoused values represent the values and norms actually exhibited in the organization.

False

Horizontally on an organizational chart are the various companies outside of the firm, such as suppliers and distributors.

False

If a marketing person reports to both the vice president of marketing and also to the project manager for the Ford Mustang, she works in a network organization.

False

If your boss asked you to take care of a task, productivity expert Odette Pollar says it is still OK to delegate it.

False

In MBO, objectives that employees fail to meet should be put aside for the next period in favor of ones that they can achieve

False

In an organization's approach to planning, its mission and vision statements should be created once the strategic planning process is complete

False

In single-use plans, a program is another name for a project

False

In the planning/control cycle, carrying out the plan is one of the control steps

False

In this time of Internet connections and speedy-access computer databases, one typically has completeinformation for planning and decision making

False

Lawrence and Lorsch's term for the tendency of an organization's parts to disperse and fragment is dissolution.

False

MBO was developed by Frederick Taylor as part of scientific management

False

One advantage of decentralized organizations is that procedures are uniform and thus easier to control.

False

Only for-profit organizations can be meaningfully represented by an organization chart.

False

Operational goals are set by middle managers and focus on the actions needed to achieve strategic goals

False

Operational planning is normally performed by middle management

False

Organizational culture appears as three layers: observable artifacts, token values, and foundational beliefs.

False

Organizationwide, the best structure for objectives in MBO is known as a diversity pattern

False

Perpetuation objectives are one type of objective used in MBO

False

Planning helps managers to cope with events that can be predicted but is not particularly helpful when conditions are uncertain

False

Planning occurs only at the highest levels of an organization, being done by top managers

False

Policies, procedures, and rules are types of single-use plans

False

Power refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources.

False

SMART is an acronym that represents characteristics necessary to motivate employees in their periodic reviews

False

Sharing stories, legends, or myths are good ways to develop an organizational structure.

False

Sometimes an organizational structure can be strong enough to take the place of organizational culture.

False

Southwest Airlines' goal of being highly profitable is a tactical goal

False

Tactical planning is done by first-line managers, who look forward to the next 1-8 weeks

False

The "R" in a SMART goal stands for "reachable"

False

The "social glue" that binds customers to a particular firm is called organizational culture.

False

The Red Cross is an example of a mutual-benefit organization.

False

The division of labor means that an employee should report to no more than one manager.

False

The first stage of in an organization's life cycle is known as the creation stage.

False

The first step in an MBO program is for the manager to set objectives for her subordinate

False

The fit perspective assumes that the most effective cultures help organizations anticipate and adapt to environmental changes.

False

The four stages of organization life cycle include birth, growth, stability, and maturity.

False

The functional structure is the most typical type for small firms.

False

The hierarchy of authority, or who reports to whom, is shown with horizontal lines on an organization chart.

False

The operating plan defines the course of action needed to achieve a stated goal

False

The pink Cadillac that Mary Kay presents to the best salespeople of its cosmetic line is an example of an emblem.

False

The planning/control cycle has three planning steps and three control steps

False

The process of a business cycling through decisions first to select products and markets, then aboutproducing and delivering the products, and finally to establish roles and processes is known as the discovery cycle

False

The process of fitting the organization to its environment is called incidental design.

False

Which of the following is one of the challenges of planning?

Finding the time to plan

The "HP Way" at Hewlett-Packard fostered a culture of integrity, teamwork, and innovation that complemented the high-technology industry of the time. This is an example of which perspective?

Fit perspective

Which of the following is a consequence of decentralized authority?

Greater flexibility

Elizabeth works with the gaming production team at her job, so the leader of that group often assigns her work, but she also has a boss in the marketing department. Which of the following is most likely true?

Her work arrangement violates the unity of command principle.

Which type of culture has an internal focus and values stability and control over flexibility?

Hierarchy

Kristi has been struggling with her weight, and one of her coworkers suggested that she make a SMART goal for herself. Which of the following is the best example of a SMART goal for Kristi?

I want to lose 20 pounds over the course of one calendar year

Megan met with her supervisor for a formal review of her job performance over the past year. Though Megan had agreed to complete five training modules during the course of the year, she only did two. At this stage, which part of the planning/control cycle would be applicable to her manager going forward?

Improve future plans

Which of the following would best describe MBO?

Its purpose is to motivate employees

The first step in the MBO process is to

Jointly set objectives

Which of the following statements is good advice for those transitioning upward in an organization?

Maintain good relationships with other departments.

If you do not have all of the information for a complete plan, you should

Make decisions based on what you have, since perfect information is rare

MBO stands for

Management by objectives

At which stage of the organizational life cycles does lack of flexibility and innovation become the danger to the business?

Maturity stage

Xerox Corporation is currently in what stage of its organizational life cycle?

Maturity stage

Which level of management is most often engaged in tactical planning?

Middle Managers

McKesson Corp., a U.S. pharmaceutical distributor, has a(n) ________ statement, which is "to provide comprehensive pharmacy solutions that improve productivity, profitability and result in superior patient care and satisfaction

Mission

Hilton Hotel's statement expressing its purpose as "to fill the earth with the light and warmth of hospitality" is a(n)

Mission Statement

The statement which expresses the purpose of an organization is called a(n)

Mission Statement

Which of the following is the correct order of planning steps within an organization?

Mission statement & vision statement, strategic planning, tactical planning, operational planning

Goodwill Industries, a charity that provides training and employment services to the disabled, is which type of organization?

Nonprofit

The goal to "improve the quality of customer service by instituting follow-up telephone calls thismonth" is not a SMART goal because it is

Not measurable

Portia is meeting with her subordinates to determine which workers from her department need training in order to handle production increases expected during the next nine months. Portia is involved in

Operational Planning

Which of the following comes LAST when an organization makes a plan?

Operational Planning

Which of the following is a type of objective for MBO?

Personal Development

During which managerial function do you make a blueprint for action that describes what you need todo to realize your goals?

Planning

Which of the following is a benefit of planning?

Planning helps you cope with uncertainty

The constant feedback loop of the ______ is designed to ensure plans stay headed in the rightdirection

Planning/control cycle

One type of standing plan, the __________, outlines the general response to a designated problem or situation

Policy

After setting goals, managers should next

Prepare an action plan for accomplishing the goals

Dayton Construction has a ________ for processing invoices, which includes coding them by job number and construction phase, and matching them with the correct purchase order

Procedure

When White Castle specifies exactly how to dress a hamburger, including the order of the condiments,this is called a

Procedure

_______ group activities around similar products or services.

Product divisions

A single-use plan encompassing a range of projects or activities is a(n)

Program

NASA's Curiosity Rover, employed to investigate a large crater on Mars, is an example of a

Project

In the current broadband environment, consumers are able to download products like music, movies, and books. Netflix was aggressive in taking advantage of this fact, offering web streaming and game console access to its customers before competitors. According to Miles and Snow, Netflix would be a(n)

Prospector

When a firm responds to uncertainty in its environment as a(n) ________, its continual pursuit ofproduct and market innovation may lead to a loss of efficiency, but is likely to make competitors nervous

Prospector

Which of the following is one of the organizational responses organizations make when confronted with uncertainty, as identified by Miles andSnow?

Reactor

Sultan is a new manager, and he is using MBO for the first time with his subordinates. It is essential for Sultan to

Reward employees when they meet objectives

Management instituted a new ______ in Yichao's workplace that "employees who are more than 15minutes late to work without calling a supervisor will be given a written warning

Rule

START OF CHAPTER 5

START

START OF CHAPTER 8

START

Planning is defined as

Setting goals and deciding how to achieve them

MBO works by cascading objectives down through the organization, and these objectives become more ______ at lower levels of the organization

Specific

A career that is upwardly mobile, with a number of jobs that are fundamentally different yet still buildon one another is known as a(n) ______ career

Spiral

At which level of planning must managers be paying attention to the environment outside the organization, be future oriented, and deal with uncertain and competitive conditions?

Strategic

Cimarron Saddlery expects to improve profitability of the organization by 15% over the next three years. This is an example of a(n)

Strategic Goal

Alita is participating with other division heads in a discussion about new international competition for the firm and what the organization's goals should be for the next three years. She is participating in

Strategic Planning

Because of the frequency with which world competition and information technology alter marketplace conditions, a company's ________ may have to be done closer to every 1 or 2 years than every 5

Strategic Planning

Which of the following is not a device through which culture is typically transmitted to employees?

Strategic plan

There are three levels of planning. Their order, from first to last, is

Strategic, Tactical, Operational

Among the organizational cultures thought to enhance business performance, the ______ perspective assumes that the strength of a corporate culture is related to a firm's long-term financial performance.

Strength

In which type of culture do employees adhere to the organization's values because they believe in its purpose?

Strong

Strategic goals focus on objectives for the organization as a whole

TRUE

Southwest Airlines acquisition of rival AirTran Airways may have been responsible for a sharp decline in on-time arrivals, which is one of Southwest's ________ goals, supporting a larger goal of being highly profitable

Tactical

Managers at Cimarron Saddlery expect to meet profitability goals for the company by cutting coststhrough a 70% increase in global sourcing of leather and other materials over the next two years. This is an example of a(n)

Tactical Goal

Executive management has recently decided to acquire a small company with a complementary product line, so Craig, a marketing manager, is meeting with other managers to discuss how to implement policies to support the acquisition over the next year. He is participating in

Tactical Planning

________ goals are set by and for middle managers and focus on the actions needed to achieve________ goals

Tactical, Strategic

Apple has a plan to generate buzz for its new products by maintaining secrecy about them. Apple has learned that strong measures are required to protect such mysteries, so it has enhanced its security and even fired and sued employees for leaking news about the products. These efforts would be considered which part of the planning/control cycle?

Taking corrective action

According to productivity expert Odette Pollar, which of the following should a manager delegate?

Tasks that challenge subordinates.

Which of the following is an example of a nonprofit organization?

The Humane Society

Productivity gains from MBO are higher when an organization has

Top-management commitments

Which of the following can be classified as a mutual-benefit organization?

Trade association

A formal vertical hierarchy shows a company's most typical channels of communication.

True

A functionally organized company can also use cross-functional teams to work on particular problems.

True

A good organizational culture can facilitate a low turnover rate.

True

A hero is a person whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization.

True

A hollow structure is often called a network structure.

True

A market culture has a strong external focus and values stability and control.

True

A marketing plan is an example of an action plan

True

A procedure is a standing plan that outlines the response to particular problems or circumstances

True

A spiral career path depends on having jobs that, while fundamentally different, build on one another

True

A vision has a clear sense of the future and the actions needed to get there

True

An adhocracy culture attempts to create innovative products by being adaptive, creative, and quick to respond to the environment.

True

An advantage in using centralized authority is that there is less duplication of work, because fewer employees perform the same task.

True

An investigation of companies with different organizational cultures showed that long-term financial performance was highest for those with an adaptive culture.

True

An organization chart typically takes on a family-treelike pattern, with many boxes and lines showing official positions and reporting relationships.

True

An organization is said to be flat when there are only a few levels with wide spans of control.

True

An organization's basic assumptions are difficult to change.

True

An organization's goals arranged in a hierarchy from low level to high level can be termed a means-end chain

True

As you are promoted to higher levels in an organization, you may have to actively resist isolation.

True

Because it is unrealistic for SMART goals to be accomplished overnight, they should have target dates

True

Bombardier builds eight-passenger business jets from 12 separately sourced portions which can be put together in four days. This firm has a modular organizational structure.

True

By definition, an organization can be composed of as few as two people.

True

Confidential matters and issues involving discipline cannot be effectively delegated.

True

Danilo opened a new restaurant in Phoenix called El Barrancón. He wanted to be sure a culture of service and excellence was embedded in his new organization so he posted the values of the organization in the kitchen and in the dining room. Danilo is teaching his organization the culture through this action.

True

Deadlines can help one concentrate the mind, in order to make decisions rather than put them off

True

Decisions that are predictable, following a well-defined set of procedures, are typical of operational planning

True

Determining an organization's mission is the responsibility of top management and the board of directors

True

Eastman Kodak, though it actually invented the digital camera, was slow to move into the productionof this product as well as digital printers. Its continued reliance on traditional 35mm film production and processing, which resulted in its bankruptcy, makes it a reactor according to Miles and Snow

True

For IKEA, whose vision is "to create a better life for the many," the inexpensive LACK side table would be considered a symbol.

True

Ford Motor Co. has what is known as a divisional structure because it has different divisions for passenger car dealers, large trucking customers, and farm products customers.

True

Hierarchy of authority is also referred to as the chain of command.

True

In an organization, culture exists on both visible and unobservable levels.

True

In general, organizations become more bureaucratic over their lifetimes.

True

In order for MBO to be successful, it must be implemented throughout the entire organization

True

In the planning/control cycle, comparing the results with the plan is one of the control steps

True

In the planning/control cycle, part of the control process can be to improve future plans

True

Integration is the tendency of the parts of an organization to draw together to achieve a common purpose.

True

Microsoft has been accused of adapting competitors' products after those firms spent the resourcesand took the risks to develop them. Companies with this strategy are known as analyzers by Miles and Snow

True

Organizational culture can vary widely across organizations on dimensions of treatment of employees, teamwork, and risk taking.

True

Planning and strategic management derive from an organization's mission and vision about itself

True

Planning gives you expectations against which you can compare your performance

True

Research shows that organizations with market cultures report higher profits and financial growth.

True

SMART goals that are challenging yet can be met within the available scope of time, equipment, and financial support are known as attainable, the "A" in SMART

True

Southwest Airlines' goal of making arrival times more reliable is a tactical goal

True

Staff personnel have authority functions in that they provide advice, recommendations, and research to line managers.

True

Strategic planning determines goals for an organization for a period of 1-5 years

True

The U.S. government space program is an example of a single-use plan

True

The administrative part of the adaptive cycle focuses on establishing roles and organizational processes

True

The career path that most resembles the traditional view of climbing the stairs in a corporate hierarchy is called the linear career

True

The founder of McDonald's, Ray Kroc, intended that a Big Mac should taste the same anywhere, and accordingly, the company has many specific procedures, making it a mechanistic organization.

True

The operating plan identifies clear targets such as revenues and cash flow

True

The purpose of MBO is to motivate subordinates

True

The type of training provided to new hires and the frequency of performance evaluations contribute to their understanding of the organization's culture.

True

When Pfizer Pharmaceuticals manages failure and disappointment and helps drug researchers live for the small victories in discovering new drugs for various diseases, it is focusing on the adhocracy aspects of its culture.

True

When employees are forced to adhere to an organization's values through extensive procedures and bureaucracies, its culture is said to be weak.

True

When the National Football League annually presents the winners of the Super Bowl with rings in a ceremony, it is an example of a ritual.

True

Which of the following is an example of a mutual-benefit organization?

United Steelworkers of America union

Which of the following is the way culture becomes embedded in an organization?

Using a teaching process.

Avon, the world's leading direct seller of beauty products, has a(n) ________ statement, which is "to be the company that best understands and satisfies the product, service, and self-fulfillment needs of women globally

Vision

In what stage of the organizational life cycle does a firm increase its hiring, create some division of labor, and begin setting rules?

Youth

Digital Globe is a technology company that provides advanced, high-resolution satellite pictures of the earth, digitalized for electronic use. As the military, governments, and others demand clear pictures, Digital Globe provides them immediately with its innovative and responsive products. Digital Globe is most likely an example of a(n) ______ culture.

adhocracy

Good job design requires matching the level of responsibility to the level of

authority.

Hollow, modular, and virtual structures lead to a ________ organization.

boundaryless

As an organization goes through the stages of the life cycle, it becomes more

bureaucratic.

At Caldwell Organic Grocers, all purchasing, hiring, and production decisions are made by top management. Caldwell has ______ authority.

centralized

Turnbull Software is a medium-sized but growing company that works diligently to create a supportive and family like atmosphere for its employees. It provides superior benefits and involves employees in decisions large and small. Turnbull has a(n) ______ culture.

clan

Rashid has examined the environment in which his organization operates and has determined that currently the market demands an organic and integrated structure. Rashid did this as part of his

contingency design.

Management at the De la Garza Recreational Products has recognized that the firm is much slower than the competition at getting new designs to market. The problem seems to stem from coordination problems between the various functional departments involved in the recreational vehicle design process. De la Garza should

create cross-functional teams for development.

Among the functions of organizational ________ are that it gives members an organizational identity and it promotes social-system stability.

culture

Durant Security operates across Florida and Georgia with a variety of products and services. It has a unit located in Tampa that provides home security to its clients, and another unit in Atlanta that provides security for businesses, in particular banks and high-technology firms. This is a ______ structure.

customer divisional

Jennifer's staff enjoys working for her but thinks she is a perfectionist. She often thinks that she is the only one who can handle her division's difficult clients or handle some of the most sensitive issues, so she frequently has problems with

delegation.

The process of assigning meaningful authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy is called

delegation.

Organizational ________ is concerned with devising the optimal structures of accountability and responsibility that an organization uses to execute its strategies.

design

Technical specialization and division of labor in an organization lead to ________ in an organization.

differentiation

The arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people is called an organization's

division of labor.

Hiromi started a new job with a growing consulting firm and was surprised to find that most employees had no job titles. A coworker explained that the founders wanted to create a level playing field, allowing motivated employees to seek leadership roles on a project-by-project basis. No job titles, here, is an example of

embedding culture.

Although managers may wish to affect employees with explicitly stated values, they are frequently more influenced by ______ ones.

enacted

Among the jobs titles at Greensboro Regional Hospital are Chief of Medical Services, Director of Administrative Services, and Director of Outpatient Services. Greensboro has a ______ structure.

functional

The Federal Reserve Bank has 12 separate districts around the United States, which means it is using ______ in its organizational structure.

geographic divisions

A Ritz-Carlton beach attendant who surprised a couple with flowers, candles, and champagne for the man's proposal was able to transmit the culture of the luxury hotel to other employees, so he would be considered a

hero

An organization's ______ is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time.

hierarchy of authority

Fonseca Construction Supply has product divisions for lumber, hardware, electrical supplies, and plumbing supplies. Each has its own production facility and sales staff. Fonseca is

highly differentiated.

At Harvestar Farm Equipment, specialists from marketing, manufacturing, and engineering departments work closely together in cross-functional teams on new professional planting and harvesting equipment designs. Harvestar is an example of a ______ organization.

highly integrated

With a ______ structure, the organization has a central core of key functions and outsources others to vendors who can do them cheaper or faster.

hollow

Galen is temporarily working with a group with membership from different departments in his company on a special project, yet he still has all of responsibilities of his regular job and still reports to the same manager. This is an example of

horizontal design.

A formal chain of command, standardization of rules and procedures, and use of cross-functional teams enhance an organization's

integration.

Kia Motors takes a very aggressive stance to fire executives who don't meet sales goals, which makes the company an example of a(n) ______ culture.

market

An organization that contains two command structures, and in which some people actually report to two bosses, is a ______ structure.

matrix

Arnos Engineering has a functional structure throughout the company but also has a second chain of command based on the part of the United States where one works. This organization has a ______ structure.

matrix

Rorschach Composites has precise requirements and very detailed procedures for creating small machine parts through an injection molding process. Because of the sensitive processes, employees are tightly monitored. Rorschach is a(n) ______ organization.

mechanistic

In a ______ structure, a firm assembles portions of product provided by outside contractors.

modular

When managers must be closely involved with their subordinates, they should have a ______ span of control.

narrow

Information-technology companies such as Motorola favor a(n) ______ structure because they constantly have to adjust to technological change.

organic

A system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people is known as a(n)

organization.

The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you is called

responsibility.

The activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life are known as

rites and rituals.

In a functional structure, people with ______ are grouped together.

similar occupational specialties

Montpellier Mediterranean Designs has decided that, as part of the fashion industry, it should move to a more organic structure. Montpellier should

simplify and eliminate rules and procedures.

A SMART goal is one that is

specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and has target dates

According to Lawrence and Lorsch, the ______ determine(s) the degree of differentiation or integration that is appropriate.

stability of an organization's environment

On an organizational chart, a dotted line typically indicates a(n)

staff position.

If you are happiest being a "hands-on" professional rather than becoming a manager, you may prefer a(n) ______ career

steady-state

Southwest Airlines employees all know about when CEO Herb Kelleher visited one of the airline's hangars in the middle of the night in a dress with a purple boa—just to liven things up. In fact, this is part of Southwest's history. This is an example of using a ________ to impart organizational culture.

story

One of the typical devices for transmitting culture, a(n) ______ is an object, act, quality, or event that conveys meaning to others.

symbol

In a mechanistic organization,

tasks and rules are clearly specified.

In an organic organization,

the need to respond to unexpected tasks is common.

Another term for the chain of command within an organization, as represented on an organizational chart, is

vertical hierarchy.

Public relations firm Crowley Communications has a single full-time employee, Jolene Crowley, who is in charge of contracting teams to work on projects as needed. Teams are spread throughout the United States and are made up of specialists linked by computers and telecommunications equipment. This is an example of a(n) ________ organization.

virtual

A supervisor of an assembly line has 45 employees that report to her; this would be considered a(n) _____ span of control.

wide