Management final!
_______ theory considers how managers can ensure that organization members focus their inputs on achieving high performance and accomplishing organizational targets.
Goal-setting
_______ reflect the behaviors and tasks that each member of a group is expected to perform because of his or her position in the group.
Group roles
______ is the gradual improvement and refinement of existing products over time as existing technologies are perfected.
Incremental product innovation
A key characteristic of evolutionary change is that it is
narrowly focused.
A(n) _______ is a requirement for survival and well-being.
need
Emily is seldom in a bad mood and is always optimistic about herself and others. It can be said that Emily is low on
negative affectivity.
During which stage of group development do close ties between group members develop?
norming
Bo gives a talk to his employees about standards that govern how members of their profession should conduct themselves. He is talking about _______ ethics.
occupational
A(n) _______ is a collection of people who work together and coordinate their actions to achieve a wide variety of goals.
organization
When forecasting human resource needs is difficult and fluctuations are expected over time, managers may choose to
outsource some human resource needs.
To foster a learning organization, managers should empower employees and allow them to develop a sense of _______ through experimentation, creativity, and exploration.
personal mastery
In Maslow's hierarchy, managers must first ensure a person's _______ needs are fulfilled in order to have a motivated workforce.
physiological
Smoking marijuana is illegal in many states; therefore, smoking marijuana is
possibly unethical or ethical, depending on the circumstances.
The task environment includes
the set of forces that originate with global suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors.
A core competency is
the specific set of departmental skills, knowledge, and experience that allows one organization to outperform another.
A(n) _______ would be best suited for designing the long-term strategic plan for an organization.
top-management team
According to McClelland, the need for affiliation is the extent to which an individual
is concerned about maintaining good interpersonal relations.
A supplier's bargaining position is especially strong when the input supplied
is the sole source of that input.
A _______ is a type of strategic alliance characterized by the creation of a new organization where ownership is shared by two or more companies.
joint venture
Which managerial task does a manager perform when he/she articulates a clear organizational vision for the organization's members to accomplish?
leading
The times-covered ratio, which measures the degree to which managers use debt or equity to finance ongoing operations, is a type of _______ ratio.
leverage
_______ are the two basic leader behaviors identified by the behavior model of leadership.
Consideration and initiating structure
_______ models of leadership consider the situation or context within which leadership occurs.
Contingency
_______ models propose that whether a leader who possesses certain traits or performs certain behaviors is effective depends on the situation or context.
Contingency
_______ systems are the formal monitoring, evaluation, and feedback systems that allow managers to determine if the organization's strategy and structure are working according to plan.
Control
_______ is a technique used to control behavior.
Direct supervision
_______ is a measure of how well an organization's input resources are used to produce its outputs
Efficiency
_______ helps managers maintain their enthusiasm and confidence and energize subordinates to help the organization attain its goals.
Emotional intelligence
Breanna needs time off from work to care for a family member who is recovering from a serious illness. The _______ will support her in taking an unpaid leave for this purpose.
Family and Medical Leave Act
_______ ratios measure the ability of an organization to pay its short-term debts.
Liquidity
_______ is a valuable leadership trait that allows managers to avoid acting selfishly, control their feelings, and admit when they have made a mistake.
Maturity
_______ task interdependence exists when the work of each group member is completely dependent on the work performed by the other group members.
Reciprocal
_______ diversity requires that managers be sensitive and responsive to the needs and concerns of individuals who might not be as well off as others.
Socioeconomic
______ plans are useful to control the way employees perform tasks in cases where situations occur repeatedly.
Standing
_______ plans are useful to control the way employees perform tasks in cases where situations occur repeatedly.
Standing
______ are task forces that are relatively permanent.
Standing committees
______ watch the company and its managers closely to ensure that management is working diligently to increase the company's profitability.
Stockholders
_______ refers to increases in performance that result when individuals and departments coordinate their actions.
Synergy
_______ is the extent to which a job requires that a worker perform the necessary activities to complete a job, from the beginning to the end of production.
Task identity
_______ refers to how much influence the work of one group member may have on the work of another.
Task interdependence
Under the practical rule, for a business decision to be ethical, a manager would NOT be reluctant to communicate the decision to people outside the company when
a typical person would consider the decision acceptable.
According to McClelland, an employee with a strong desire to perform tasks well and meet personal standards for excellence has the need for
achievement.
Karly is a real estate agent. She has an outgoing and friendly personality, and she has strong networking skills that help her gain referred clients. Karly builds a rapport with her clients and they are very satisfied because she is sensitive to their needs. This implies that Karly is high on which Big Five personality trait?
agreeableness
In addition to prohibiting discrimination in employment, the Civil Rights Act of 1991
allows for the awarding of punitive and compensatory damages in cases of intentional discrimination.
A schema is
an abstract knowledge structure stored in memory, making possible the interpretation and organization of information about people, events, or situations.
Fayol recommended the use of _______ to show the position and duties of each employee and to indicate which positions an employee might move to or be promoted to in the future.
an organizational chart
Millibytes Inc. implements an organic structure, which means that at Millibytes,
authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers
A company asked its managers to focus their efforts on improving the quality of one of its products. The new product is more advanced than those of its competitors, and customers are willing to pay more for the higher quality. By _______, this company outperformed its competitors by producing a product more efficiently and effectively than they did.
building a competitive advantage
Organizational _______ is the collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their organization as a whole.
commitment
In concert with quality management programs, _______ controls help monitor the quality of goods or services at each step in the production process to alert managers to problems.
concurrent
To avoid groupthink and minimize bias, an organization can use _______ to have separate groups of managers propose solutions to a problem before coming together to critique each solution and arrive at an even better option.
dialectical inquiry
Setting goals and assigning tasks are considered _______ behaviors in the context of path-goal theory.
directive
Madelyn informs employees about changes taking place in the external and internal environments that affect the sales of the company's products. She explains how the changes will also affect them and the organization. According to Mintzberg, she is playing the role of a(n)
disseminator.
A _______ strategy is a plan of action to improve the ability of a department to perform its task-specific activities in ways that add value to an organization's goods and services.
functional-level
Each department within an organization should develop a _______ strategy to outline how the department will improve its ability to perform task-specific activities in ways that add value to the organization's goods and services.
functional-level
The CEO of a restaurant chain announces that the company will be fully compliant with improved nutritional standards within the next three years. As the marketing manager for the restaurant, Brenda is tasked with developing goals and a plan for promoting the changes in concert with other areas within the company. Brenda's efforts are considered _______ planning.
functional-level
A nursing home administrator is reviewing résumés for some open RN positions. He is looking primarily for female RNs as he believes women are more oriented toward caring for other people. Which factor most likely influenced the administrator's perceptions about female RNs?
gender schemas
A cross-functional team is a(n)
group of managers brought together from different departments to perform organizational tasks.
When deciding on the catering budget for her upcoming wedding, Kris was told that typically around 10% of invited guests usually decline. Kris is using a(n) _______ to simplify her decision making.
heuristic
In a(n) _______ culture, managers are likely to lead by example, encouraging employees to take risks and experiment.
innovative
Tax reform legislation signed into law by President Trump in late 2017 included a new 21% excise tax on _______ for salaries over $1 million.
nonprofit employers
Julia believes that it is important to find ways to motivate her employees to make decisions that raise effectiveness of the team and overall company. Julia is committed to
organizational learning.
In which managerial task are work relationships structured to facilitate the interaction and cooperative efforts of organizational members, all of whom strive to achieve organizational goals?
organizing
A _______ calculation helps managers assess a firm's ability to meet payments to short-term creditors without impacting inventory levels.
quick ratio
A sales manager suggested to her male subordinate that it would be good for his career if he spent an intimate night with her. This is an example of
quid pro quo sexual harassment.
According to Fiedler's contingency model, _______ leaders worry more about whether subordinates like them.
relationship-oriented
A job applicant is interviewed multiple times by different interviewers. In each case, the interviewers drew similar conclusions about the applicant. This interview process has high
reliability.
The most potentially threatening force that managers must deal with in the task environment is
rivalry between competitors.
A _______ plan is generally reviewed and amended in conjunction with a company's annual financial budget cycles to take into account changing conditions in the external business environment.
rolling
Advanco, which completes in a highly competitive, fluctuating market, uses a(n) _______ corporate-level plan so it can make midcourse corrections while keeping its long-term goals in mind.
rolling
Michel's company's IT department sent an email to all employees explaining how employees must secure their computers when they leave their offices. Employees would most likely consider these instructions
rules.
As a member of the _______ function within his company, Arturo visits new businesses to educate them on the features and advantages offered by his company's products.
sales
Rosa's Pizzeria recently learned its cheese supplier will be retiring within the month. To quickly identify a new supplier among the numerous options, Rosa plans to evaluate three companies and make the best decision based on that sample. Rosa is using a(n) _______ strategy to make this decision.
satisficing
Unlike previous generations, salespeople today can work from home offices, communicate with colleagues in different parts of the world almost instantly, and commute electronically to work. This flexibility is due to changes in _______ forces. Multiple Choice
technological
Synergy is defined as
the performance gains that result when individuals and departments work together.
Steve Jobs recognized that consumers wanted a smaller mp3 player than they could buy at the time, so Apple developed the iPod. This demonstrates Teece's
theory of dynamic capabilities.
The essential problem when solving moral dilemmas is
there are no absolute or indisputable rules or principles to decide whether an action is ethical.
The _______ is the idea that the pursuit of self-interest with no consideration for societal interests leads to disaster.
tragedy of the commons
The _______ component of an HRM system ensures employees have the knowledge and skills needed to perform their jobs effectively now as well as in the future.
training and development
Norms are
unwritten codes of conduct considered important by most members of a group.
According to the expectancy theory, the term _______ refers to how desirable each of the outcomes available from an organization is to a person.
valence
A manager attempting to select an employment test that will most accurately assess the applicant's likely performance on the job is primarily concerned with the _______ of the test.
validity
Managers who are low on extraversion tend to
view the world and their life with little optimism.
_______ cultures exhibit values and norms that help an organization build momentum and evolve as needed to achieve goals and be effective.
Adaptive
According to _______ theory, employees will be motivated to perform at a high level and attain their work goals to the extent that high performance and goal attainment allow them to obtain outcomes they desire.
B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning
_______ appraisals are used by managers to assess subordinates on what they do on the job.
Behavior
Which organization demonstrates Hofstede's cultural dimension of a short-term orientation?
Cho's Chalupas, a pop-up store that moves every two weeks to a new location (her employees love it!)
______ identified three universal categories of need: existence, relatedness, and growth.
Clayton Alderfer's ERG theory
_______ identified three universal categories of need: existence, relatedness, and growth.
Clayton Alderfer's ERG theory
_______ control allows managers to get immediate feedback on how efficiently inputs are being transformed into outputs. Multiple Choi
Concurrent
_______ is a management technique that involves giving employees more authority and responsibility over how they perform their work activities.
Empowerment
_______ is a strategy managers can use to increase an employee's level of responsibility to improve his or her interest in the quality of outputs.
Job enrichment
_______ is the process by which a person exerts influence over others and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities.
Leadership
_______ is the movement of an organization away from its present state toward some preferred future state to increase its efficiency and effectiveness.
Organizational change
_______ control tends to be the first type of control that managers at all levels use to evaluate performance.
Output
_______ is the process through which people select, organize, and interpret sensory input to give meaning and order to the world around them.
Perception
_______ is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business procedures to achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, service, and speed.
Process reengineering
_______ is the management of the value chain activities that bring new goods or services to market.
Product development
_______ are empowered to assume responsibility and autonomy to complete identifiable pieces of work for an organization.
Self-managed work teams
______ diversity requires that managers be sensitive and responsive to the needs and concerns of individuals who might not be as well off as others.
Socioeconomic
What is a characteristic of first-line managers?
They are responsible for daily supervision of the nonmanagerial employees.
_______ appraisals assess what workers are like, while _______ appraisals assess what workers accomplish.
Trait; results
_______ management is the development of a set of functional-level strategies that support a company's business-level strategy and strengthen its competitive advantage.
Value chain
What is the Hawthorne effect?
Workers' productivity is affected more by their manager's personal behavior than by the work setting.
To achieve _______, managers must find a way to lower costs and/or increase differentiation.
a competitive advantage
Managers in conservative cultures
are likely to constantly monitor the progress of their employees.
According to the expectancy theory, motivation is high when people
believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and, ultimately, to the attainment of the desired goals.
In Celia's company, employees enroll each year for the set of benefits that makes the most sense for their individual needs. This is referred to as a(n) _______ plan.
cafeteria-style
The practical rule states that an ethical decision is one that
can be communicated with no reluctance.
Group _______ is the degree to which the members of a group are attracted to belonging in the group.
cohesiveness
Each month, Brian reviews sales data, analyzes market opportunities and threats, and determines organizational goals and actions for the coming month. This is an example of
decision making.
Prior to defining an organization's missions and goals, managers must
define its business.
The first step in planning for an organization is
determining the organization's missions and goals.
Men tend to be stereotyped as being
directive.
Job specialization refers to the process by which
division of labor occurs as different workers gain expertise in tasks.
The stock of raw materials, inputs, and component parts that an organization has on hand at a particular time is referred to as
inventory.
Values are
invested with emotional significance.
José is the manager of Sandy's Candy, a popular confectioner in Illinois. He is in charge of outlining future organizational goals to employees at company meetings and emphasizing the ethical guidelines that employees are expected to follow at work. According to Mintzberg, he is performing the role of a
figurehead.
An organization offers a tuition reimbursement program to employees who have demonstrated the ability to take on new responsibilities and challenges. This organization is investing in developing employees through
formal education.
In the context of management, rules refer to
formal written instructions that specify actions to be taken under different circumstances.
In an organization, rules are
formal, written instructions to achieve specific goals.
An organizational chart of a company shows vice presidents with responsibility for key areas such as design, manufacturing, sales, marketing, and after-sales support. This reflects a _______ structure.
functional
The intermediate- and short-term plans created within a work group typically address the _______ goals and strategies of an organization.
functional
Every day Isaiah is finding it difficult to focus on his job due to insulting remarks regarding his gender identity and derogatory slurs from his coworkers. He is considering quitting his job. Isaiah is experiencing
hostile work environment harassment.
Every day Isaiah is finding it difficult to focus on his job due to insulting remarks regarding his gender identity and derogatory slurs from his coworkers. He is considering quitting his job. Isaiah is experiencing Multiple Choice
hostile work environment harassment.
Which cultural dimension in the GLOBE Project is being demonstrated by an organization that encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others?
humane orientation
Lee is reviewing the credentials of job applicants and notices that Juan shares his interest in watching and playing golf. Lee is demonstrating a form of _______ when deciding to offer Juan the position based in part on this common interest.
implicit bias
The influence of one's family, peers, and upbringing in general can affect a person's _______ ethics.
individual
A manager who encourages risk taking and creativity would most likely be in a(n) _______ organizational culture.
innovative
Sally works on a production line. Her manager moves several of her coworkers around to achieve the right worker-task specialization and to link people and tasks by the speed of the production line. If successful, the manager will
lower costs.
According to McClelland, the need for _______ is the extent to which an individual desires to control or influence others.
power
Legitimate, referent, and coercive are specific types of leadership
power.
Reba works as a teller at a local bank. What function in the value chain is she performing?
production
While facilitating a brainstorming session, Raul noticed periods of confusion and silence during which participants seemed unable to process the many ideas being floated. The efficiency of Raul's decision-making process was thereby limited due to the effects of
production blocking.
As an event planner, Nicole prepares a detailed summary of the client's specific requirements, activities to be performed, and target dates for each activity. This is an example of a _______ plan.
single-use
Ming believes that Lucas is more responsible and capable than Clive because Lucas is from the management team while Clive is the company's maintenance supervisor. This is an example of implicit bias based on
social status.
Organizational _______ is the process by which newcomers internalize an organization's values and norms and behave in accordance with them.
socialization
The public relations manager of an oil company explained what the company intended to do to tackle the threat to marine life caused by an oil spill when one of its tankers crashed. According to Mintzberg, the public relations manager is playing the role of a
spokesperson.
Jonathan is an employee of Acme company. Based only on this information, you know he must be a(n) ______.
stakeholder
Managers often form and maintain _______ to make sure important issues continue to be addressed.
standing committees
Organizational _______ is/are the formal system of task and job reporting relationships that determine(s) how employees use resources to achieve organizational goals.
structure
All decisions and actions of managers are based on their
subjective perceptions.
Johnson's Furniture Factory gets its raw material from the local timber yard. The timber yard acts as Johnson's
supplier.
Women are often stereotyped as being
supportive.
Managers from multiple functions can come together as part of a _______ to solve a specific corporatewide problem
task force
Managers from multiple functions can come together as part of a _______ to solve a specific corporatewide problem.
task force
High Tech Corp decides to develop a product based on a completely new technology, with no existing information on the possible challenges and outcomes of bringing such a product to market. This decision illustrates
uncertainty.