Management Final

During the storming stage of Tuckman's five-stage model, the leader of a team should empower members to concentrate on solving problems and completing the assigned task T or F

F

________ capital is the economic or productive potential of employee knowledge and actions. Relational Social Human Labor

Human

According to the acquired needs theory, the desire to influence others is part of the need for power. achievement. relatedness. affiliation.

power.

Evie, a district manager of a furniture retail chain, was transferred to the Southern region where sales had been underperforming for three years. In her new role, Evie met with every store manager and at least two frontline employees in each store for the purpose of understanding how she could improve the situation. Which of the following employee statements should prompt Evie to focus on hygiene factors? "There isn't any room to move up. The company doesn't offer any training or promotions." "Pretty often our paychecks are messed up so that we don't get paid for all the hours we worked." "I never know if my work is good enough because there is no system for recognizing outstanding workers." "Selling furniture is very boring. The job is monotonous and nothing interesting really happens."

"Pretty often our paychecks are messed up so that we don't get paid for all the hours we worked."

How do groups make it through storming? Someone wins the political battle and dominates the group. They make personal insults and refuse to work together. Groupthink emerges so team members give into social loafing. A respected member pushes the group to resolve disagreements.

A respected member pushes the group to resolve disagreements.

________ are the beliefs or feelings that are learned predispositions toward a given object. Values Perceptions Personality traits Attitudes

Attitudes

________ is the extent to which a job allows an employee to make decisions about scheduling different tasks and deciding how to perform them. Autonomy Skill variety Task significance Feedback Task identity

Autonomy

Molly is assessing the performance of Ricardo, one of her employees. The company's performance appraisal form asks her to rate Ricardo's performance on various items like "Submits reports on time with minimal errors" on a scale from 1 to 5. Molly is using a ________ appraisal system. BARS MBO results 360-degree

BARS

Oxford Salts has just been bought by Townsend Spice. The Oxford Salts employees are unsure of what that will mean for their jobs, as Townsend already has a competent workforce. As a result, several Oxford employees have started to call in sick and have begun to look for other jobs. Which of the following would you recommend to Townsend Spice managers? Upgrade the IT infrastructure to improve communication and innovation. Bring in an OD consultant to help integrate the culture and processes of the two firms. Identify solutions that worked in another country and apply them to Townsend Spice. Accept that conflict is inherent in organizations and fire the Oxford Salts employees.

Bring in an OD consultant to help integrate the culture and processes of the two firms.

When comparing content perspectives, McClelland's need for achievement corresponds most closely to Deci and Ryan's competence need. the element of distributive justice. Maslow's safety need. Herzberg's hygiene factors.

Deci and Ryan's competence need.

Having a good attitude is an important part of career readiness. If you want to foster a positive approach, which of the following statements should you follow? Determine specific behaviors that exemplify good attitudes, and focus on displaying them at work. Regulate your emotions by keeping a journal of triggers to reduce your emotionality. Evaluate coworkers for potentially bad attitudes and behave in similar ways. Practice mindfulness to have greater awareness, understanding, and acceptance of your emotions.

Determine specific behaviors that exemplify good attitudes, and focus on displaying them at work.

How would an employee resource group (ERG) meet a worker's need for relatedness? Members of ERGs are empowered to assess the work environment and take on meaningful tasks. Workers who are more knowledgeable and harder working are selected for ERGs. ERGs primarily focus on eliminating pay disparities, improving workplace safety, and affecting company policy. ERG members form around common bonds and work together to create a positive work environment.

ERG members form around common bonds and work together to create a positive work environment.

________ programs help employees cope with stress, burnout, substance abuse, health problems, and family issues that influence job performance. Employee engagement Career counseling Holistic wellness Employee assistance

Employee assistance

____________ is the process by which a company determines if the intervention made a positive or negative difference. Diagnosis Feedback Evaluation Intervention

Evaluation

Which statement is a true representation of what managers should know about generations in the U.S. workforce? Even though most workers are Millennials, an increasing proportion of older adults are still working. Older workers, who have greater seniority and experience, are usually encouraged to remain in their jobs as long as possible. Today's younger workers have greater earning power than did younger workers in the 1940s. Research reveals that enacting age-inclusive firm strategies prevents younger workers from achieving promotions.

Even though most workers are Millennials, an increasing proportion of older adults are still working.

Andrew and Kane went to the same college, and they have never liked each other. Andrew thinks Kane is a loudmouth, while Kane thinks Andrew is arrogant and self-absorbed. If Andrew and Kane end up working for the same company, they are likely to experience a multicultural conflict. T or F

F

What role do senior leaders play in achieving innovation strategy? Innovative culture and climate depends on senior leaders. The main role for senior leaders in innovation is setting HR practices. Full commitment from senior leaders is key for strategic success. Senior leaders need only recruit the human capital.

Full commitment from senior leaders is key for strategic success.

Longwei, a new CEO, is excellent at setting and implementing goals, policies, and structure. Longwei is quite proud of the strategic successes he's had in his brief time as CEO. However, many of the employees seem unmotivated and are responding in ways he didn't expect. What should Longwei do? He should vertically integrate to increase the profitability of key products. He should take a personality assessment to become more self-aware. He should examine his perceptions to make judgments and decisions. He should use the principles of OB to better understand the workers.

He should use the principles of OB to better understand the workers.

Bourey, who manages a restaurant, decides the specials each day, sets the weekly schedule based on which servers he feels deserve the busy shifts, and frequently comps drinks for wealthy customers. When the restaurant donates food for public events, such as feeding teachers at the local elementary school, Bourey is always present for the picture that will be shared on social media. How would McClelland describe the motives determining Bourey's behavior? His need for achievement is high. His need for affiliation is low. His need for power is high. His need for autonomy is low

His need for power is high.

How is workplace stress related to work outcomes? Lower levels of stress are related to increases in employee turnover. Increases in alcohol and illicit drug use are typically associated with lower levels of stress. Higher levels of stress diminish organizational commitment. There is a U-shaped relationship such that very high and very low levels of stress improve performance.

Increases in alcohol and illicit drug use are typically associated with lower levels of stress.

Which of the following is true of informal groups? Informal groups can advance or undercut the plans of formal groups. A temporary committee is an example of an informal group. Members of an informal group are assigned to it by the skills they possess. Informal groups have appointed leaders.

Informal groups can advance or undercut the plans of formal groups.

Hiromi wants to post a vacancy as an external-only posting. Her manager, Ceci, reminds her about the benefits of posting internally. Which of the following might be a benefit that Ceci is recognizing? Expanding the applicant pool will make selection simpler. Posting internally and externally saves time and money. Internal applicants are automatically the most qualified for the position. Internal recruiting boosts retention and commitment.

Internal recruiting boosts retention and commitment.

Which of the following is accurate about norms? Norms are written into a guiding document so new employees know what to expect. Norms ensure individuals are successful on their new teams. Norms help individuals retain their unique identities and independence from the team. Norms allow employees to understand their roles more clearly.

Norms allow employees to understand their roles more clearly.

________ is the set of techniques used for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective. Proactive change Process innovation Organizational development Continuous improvement

Organizational development

Mirella's employees have been excellent lately. They are exceeding quotas, recruiting new clients, and meeting every deadline. If you were her management consultant, which theory would have Mirella apply so that her employees will continue to repeat these behaviors? Acquired needs Equity Expectancy Reinforcement

Reinforcement

_____________ is an emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine. Resistance to change Change agency Radical innovation OD intervention

Resistance to change

________ is the extent to which people like or dislike themselves. Self-esteem Emotional stability Self-efficacy Locus of control

Self-esteem

________ capital is the economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships. Personal Relational Social Human

Social

Which of the following diversity issues is true in the U.S. workforce? Literacy has ceased to be an issue among American workers because most on-the-job instructions are accompanied by photos. The glass ceiling prevents many people of color from obtaining managerial and professional jobs. Workers ages 55 and older are expected to make up over one-half of the labor force in 2034. Gay and bisexual male workers earn 10 percent to 32 percent more than equally qualified heterosexual counterparts.

The glass ceiling prevents many people of color from obtaining managerial and professional jobs.

Procter & Gamble modified a liquid detergent to make it available as a concentrated powder in a pouch. This new product is an example of an improvement innovation. True or False

True

Those who have the Type A behavior pattern are involved in a chronic, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time. True or False

True

At a press conference, the governor appointed a new commissioner. The acting commissioner was not aware of the change and was not able to make an announcement to staff prior to the press conference. Almost immediately after the press conference, the rumor started that the agency was being dismantled and all the employees would be laid off. Was this a reasonable response to the change? No, because there was a loss of job security. No, because there was a fear of failure. Yes, because there was a climate of mistrust. Yes, because there was surprise and fear of the unknown.

Yes, because there was surprise and fear of the unknown.

___________ leadership approaches attempt to determine the key behaviors used by effective leaders a. behavioral b. contingency c. trait d. transformational

a. behavioral

To develop a new board game, Mattel brings together employees from manufacturing, design, sales, marketing, and market research to form a a. cross-functional team b. informal group c. production team d. virtual team

a. cross-functional team

The manager at Creative Minds Inc. is distressed that employee absenteeism increased by 16% in the last year. How would you recommend the manager respond to this inside force? a. evaluate the HR practices to ensure they are generating the behaviors needed to accomplish strategic goals b. remind employees about how Creative Minds is genuinely connected to supporting youth art programs c. identify the frequently absent employees and replace them with artificial intelligence d. demonstrate how the firm is committed to simultaneously tackling global social issues and maximizing shareholder wealth

a. evaluate the HR practices to ensure they are generating the behaviors

While a moderate amount of stress can have some health and behavioral benefits, stress can cause a. fatigue and insomnia b. optimal performance c. serenity and productivity d. healthy eating

a. fatigue and insomnia

During the forming stage of a group or team, the leader should encourage team members to a. get to know one another b. push back against the power structure c. work through team conflicts d. admonish one another for small infractions

a. get to know one another

Managers' power over employees, granted based on their position within the organization, is considered a. legitimate b. informational c. referent d. expert

a. legitimate

The two core principles of TQM are a. uniform focus on delivering customer value and continuous improvement of work processes b. development of strong organizational culture and continuous improvement of work processes c. improvement of employee morale and enhancement of shareholder satisfaction d. uniform focus on delivering customer value and improvement of management-employee relationships

a. uniform focus on delivering customer value and continuous improvement of work processes

The statement "I really don't like that Randall got so angry in that meeting" reflects the ________ component of an attitude. affective cognitive perceptual behavioral

affective

Sylvester is 57 and his company is downsizing. He knows that his position is one that will be cut so he has started to prepare his resume to look for a new job. Stuart tells him not to bother, as he will not get another job, at least not one that is equivalent to his current job. He tells Sylvester that things have changed since Sylvester went to college and that he couldn't realistically offer too much in the workforce today. Stuart is demonstrating a(n) age stereotype causal attribution. recency effect. implicit bias.

age stereotype

Phillip has been hired as a consultant to review a company's contracting and purchasing procedures. He began by reviewing recent contracts that were awarded and ones that the company lost. Then, Phillip interviewed employees in both units to ascertain if there were any concerns regarding process, work flows, communication, and expectations. Phillip learned that the company had rewarded the number of contracts awarded and gave bonuses for higher amount contracts. Phillip recommended a new system that rewarded contracts that aligned with the company's mission, regardless of financial amount. How was Phillip applying the systems model of change? as a lever for change as a diagnostic framework as a comparison tool for feedback as a method to identify positive and negative forces

as a diagnostic framework

At what point during the innovation system process would management invest resources in innovation and generate employee commitment to innovation? as part of the commitment for senior leader as part of identifying appropriate resources as part of the creation of the innovation strategy as part of fostering an innovative culture and climate

as part of the creation of the innovation strategy

Iyana, who is a manager for a marketing firm, has directed her advertising team to draft three new campaign ideas for their largest client. The team will pitch these ideas to the client in six weeks. Iyana told the team leader to report their progress weekly and to come to her if they needed anything. Iyana's managerial approach will be motivating for those on the advertising team with a high need for relatedness autonomy relationships competence

autonomy

Chayo was incredibly upset and frustrated when his boss denied his vacation request, again. Chayo decided to cool off a bit before addressing the conflict, so he used which conflict-handling style? accommodating avoiding collaborating compromising

avoiding

_________ change introduces a new practice to an organization but one that is not new to the industry a. adaptive b. innovative c. reactive d. radically innovative

b. innovative

Joseph is demonstrating ________ by both influencing followers to internalize and commit to a set of shared goals and facilitating the group and individual work that is needed to accomplish those goals. a. psychological empowerment b. managerial leadership c. personalized power d. transformational leadership

b. managerial leadership

A budget is a formal financial a. statement b. projection c. scorecard d. audit

b. projection

The statement "I won't give Austin such a tight deadline again" reflects the ________ component of an attitude. perceptual affective cognitive behavioral

behavioral

For months, Phirum has been designing and redesigning the lobby, restaurants, and other interior spaces that his company is renovating for a hotel downtown. Phirum is exhausted and frustrated because of many setbacks on this project. Phirum may be experiencing eustress. role conflict. role overload. burnout.

burnout.

Which of the following is an example of a proactive change? a. Don is constantly putting out fires, responding to daily crises in her group b. Don's staff is unhappy about the long hours they have been working and several of them quit before she knows there is a problem c. Don implements an improved bonus incentive structure for her staff despite the fact that her employees are generally content d. Don's group sends a product that is nearing its launch date back to the drawing board based on a competitor's superior new offering

c. Don implements an improved bonus incentive structure for her staff despite the fact that her employees are generally content

Tony had to take several employment tests while he was interviewing to be a bicycle messenger in a large city. Which of the following does NOT seem to be a legally defensible test for this position? a. Tony took a physical endurance test that included running up several flights of stairs b. Tony was asked to ride a bicycle through an obstacle course c. Tony was tested to see how many words per minute he can type d. Tony was tested on his knowledge of key landmarks in the city

c. Tony was tested to see how many words per minute he can type

Circuit Pro, a manufacturer of electrical circuits, wants to decrease the per-unit cost of making its products. Which incentive should Circuit Pro offer to align workers with firm-level strategic objectives? a. employees who work at Circuit Pro for seven years receive an extra week of vacation b. an employee who sells more circuits will earn more commission c. an employee with a cost-cutting idea will be paid 10% of the first-year savings d. the employee who produces the most circuits in a month will receive stock options

c. an employee with a cost-cutting idea will be paid 10% of the first-year savings

Amaia has been very careful to work with her team to finalize next year's goals. She has taken the process seriously and now wants to make sure that others do their part. Amaia is insisting that all employees follow instructions fully and completely. Amaia seems to be exhibiting the a. organizing function ... b. planning function ... c. controlling function ... d. leading function ...

c. controlling function because she is concerned with seeing that the right things happen at the right time

Because hard feelings about group leadership and assignments have passed, the members of Robin's group now seem to be relating much better. At the meeting tomorrow, she should take advantage of this moment by a. empowering members to voice disagreements b. reviewing each member's performance c. helping the team identify group goals and values d. encouraging people get to know one another

c. helping the team identify group goals and values

As a sales manager, Patty is conducting performance appraisals for her team members. To do so, she tracks each person's sales calls, amount of sales, and revenues on a quarterly basis. Patty is using a(n) ______ system of appraisal. a. subjective b. behavioral c. objective d. 360 degree

c. objective

____________ is the tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that a. individual knowledge b. selective perception c. stereotyping d. attribution

c. stereotyping

_______________ is the last step in the control process a. compare performance to standards b. establish standards c. take corrective action if necessary d. measure the performance

c. take corrective action if necessary

Fiedler's contingency leadership model determines if a leader's style in a. employee-centered or production-centered b. transactional or transformational c. task-oriented or relationship-oriented d. initiating structure or consideration

c. task-oriented or relationship-oriented

One report claimed that more than 85% of Fortune 500 firms use 360-degree assessments. Which of the following best explains why? a. the 360-degree appraisal improves productivity and has no effect on innovation b. every additional rater adds valuable performance information to the appraisal c. the 360-degree appraisal is a useful source of developmental feedback d. bias is reduced by using reports from multiple raters

c. the 360 degree appraisal is a useful source of developmental feedback

_____________ are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations a. perceptions b. attitudes c. values d. ethics

c. values

In the performing stage of group development, members test the leader's policies to see what will happen. develop close relationships by socializing often. prepare for disbandment by applying for new jobs. concentrate on solving problems and completing tasks.

concentrate on solving problems and completing tasks.

An organization whose HR system is aligned with its structure and culture is said to have talent management. external fit internal fit. HR practices.

external fit

Pablo assured his team that he would advocate for them to receive a much-deserved pay increase. However, when Pablo met with the CEO, he prioritized funding for new equipment over the raises. On which aspect of trust did Pablo fail? credibility authenticity logic empathy

credibility

Research has supported links between emotional intelligence (EI) and a host of desirable job outcomes. What is EI? a. EI is the psychological discomfort a person experiences between his or her cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior b. EI is the extent to which people feel secure, unworried, and how likely they are to experience negative emotions under pressure c. EI is the tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs d. EI is the ability to monitor your and others' feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions

d. EI is the ability to monitor your and others' feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions

Why would a company invest heavily in HRM? a. progressive HR programs are a good fit with all companies strategic objectives b. paying higher salaries ensures employees will stay at the company longer c. HR practices are just as important as operations, finance, and marketing in contributing to company success d. good management of people helps companies grow fast and to be profitable

d. good management of people helps companies grow fast and to be profitable

____________ is the set of techniques used for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective a. process innovation b. proactive change c. continuous improvement d. organizational development

d. organizational development

The group developmental stage in which individuals test the leader's polices and assumptions as they try to determine how they fit into the power structure is the _________ stage a. performing b. forming c. adjourning d. storming e. norming

d. storming

While guests at the Ritz-Carlton, a family on an international trip could not locate the grocery staples that were safe for their son who had numerous food allergies. The Ritz-Carlton staff, in coordination with the head chef, arranged to fly the items in from another city. How is the Ritz-Carlton using norms? a. to clarify role expectations b. to help individuals avoid embarrassing situations c. to help the group survive d. to emphasize its importance values and identity

d. to emphasize its importance values and identity

Hiring for fit, providing quality onboarding, and offering great benefits are ways that companies can increase counterproductive work behaviors. decrease job performance. decrease turnover. increase explicit bias.

decrease turnover.

Rosa asked Henry, one of her team members, to purposefully think of and voice criticisms as the group discussed whether to open a branch office in another state. This is an example of the use of envy-based conflict. groupthink. devil's advocacy. the dialectic method.

devil's advocacy.

Job ________ is the process of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation. enlargement design rotation enrichment

enlargement

While a moderate amount of stress can have some health and behavioral benefits, stress can cause optimal performance. healthy eating. fatigue and insomnia. serenity and productivity.

fatigue and insomnia.

Zahir recently spent some time reviewing the data to determine whether his intervention worked. Which step is next for Zahir? feedback refreezing evaluation diagnosis

feedback

If the CEO of Beautify wanted to develop a new line of skin-care products specifically for people with sensitive skin, she might appoint a(n) ________ group to be headed by the company's top scientist. dynamic normative formal informal

formal

During Lewin's changing stage, managers should make employees dissatisfied with the present situation. reduce the barriers to change. give employees new information, perspectives, and models for behavior reinforce the desired change.

give employees new information, perspectives, and models for behavior

Lamar led a team that just finished up a very challenging research project that will be used by the company's leaders to set strategic plans. Despite the stress of the past few months, most participants seem sad the project ended. Now Lamar should have an awards ceremony to recognize their achievements. provide opportunities for people to get to know one another better now. get the group disbanded quickly to free people up for new things. ensure those members can work on similar tasks going forward.

have an awards ceremony to recognize their achievements.

Ursula has excelled as an auditor for a large financial consulting firm. She loves building mutually beneficial relationships and is extremely well liked by her clients. Ursula likely has a high need for affiliation. high need for achievement. low need for affiliation. low need for power.

high need for affiliation.

After Camila reported three of her coworkers for making lewd jokes, her hours were cut to below half-time and she was moved to a night shift. Camila's situation is an example of which barrier to managing diversity? resistance to diversity program priorities stereotypes and prejudices hostile work environment lack of support for families

hostile work environment

To derive a competitive advantage, firms can properly configure HR practices to drive ________ which leads to ________. attitudes and behaviors; profitability talent management; strategic alignment internal fit; external fit human and social capital; implementation of strategy

human and social capital; implementation of strategy

In all but the worst weather, Sarah and three coworkers meet each day at 4:45 to walk the river trail behind their office building. The four coworkers are an example of a(n) virtual team. formal group. self-managed team. informal group.

informal group.

Bear State Bank has decided that tellers must rotate through a new weekend shift on Saturday afternoons because several of its financial competitors have recently begun to offer additional hours to customers. Bear State Bank is implementing a(n) ________ change. radically innovative innovative reactive adaptive

innovative

Lamar, an OD consultant, is working with members of a cross-functional team to build cohesiveness and practice skills so the team can function better. He has observed them working together to solve problems and he has shared the latest customer survey results with them. In terms of the OD process, Lamar is implementing diagnosis. feedback. evaluation. intervention.

intervention

Performance feedback is most effective when it describes an employee's traits. clarifies the employee's weaknesses. is focused on future performance. is delivered twice each year.

is focused on future performance.

Despite the increase of automation, which jobs are on the rise? bookkeeping jobs clerical jobs knowledge work jobs data work jobs

knowledge work jobs

Based on the Management in Action case, overworked Away employees who couldn't keep up by answering messages immediately, even late at night or on weekends, would receive a public reprimand on Slack, worsening their mental state. Based on what you know about stress and performance, what is the most likely outcome of this workplace environment? low performance due to a lack of stimulation low performance due to burnout optimal performance due to burnout optimal performance due to a lack of stimulation

low performance due to burnout

Based on the Management in Action case, overworked Away employees who couldn't keep up by answering messages immediately, even late at night or on weekends, would receive a public reprimand on Slack, worsening their mental state. Based on what you know about stress and performance, what is the most likely outcome of this workplace environment? optimal performance due to a lack of stimulation low performance due to a lack of stimulation optimal performance due to burnout low performance due to burnout

low performance due to burnout

Tension was mounting as the management team discussed changes to promotion requirements. Then, Colby made a joke about Makoto's white-knuckled grip on his pen, and the laughter seemed to lighten the mood. Colby was acting in a ________ role. production social task maintenance

maintenance

Heather is very aggressive at her job, and her coworkers complain that she often manipulates them and her boss in order to get ahead. She attempts to direct everything and everyone, regardless of the consequences to others or even the organization itself. Heather is expressing her need for ________ power. autonomous personal organizational legitimate

personal

McClelland's acquired needs theory posits that three innate needs—achievement, affiliation, and ________—are major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace. autonomy relatedness power affiliation

power

When it comes to conflict, managers should understand that organizational performance will be best when there is no conflict at all. productive conflict can improve decision making and organizational effectiveness. political infighting and dissatisfaction are unavoidable aspects of teamwork. dysfunctional conflict leads to creative problem solving.

productive conflict can improve decision making and organizational effectiveness.

Alex's employer distributes checks at the end of each quarter, representing an equitable portion of 5 percent of the company's pretax earnings for the previous quarter. These are ________checks. gainsharing bonus profit sharing pay for performance

profit sharing

The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to hire all qualified persons with disabilities who apply. reasonably accommodate an individual's disability. actively solicit job applications from persons with disabilities. hire quotas of qualified persons with disabilities.

reasonably accommodate an individual's disability.

In equity theory, employees are motivated to work harder when they have more freedom. resolve feelings of injustice work just hard enough to get what they want. correct themselves when they aren't working hard enough.

resolve feelings of injustice

An accounting firm reimburses employees for tuition and fees if they complete job-related coursework with a B or better. The accounting firm's tuition-reimbursement policy helps its employees meet their ________ needs. safety physiological self-actualization esteem love

self-actualization

As a crew chief for the air force, Clint inspects and services fighter jet engines, which protects the lives and safety of military personnel and increases their ability to conduct missions. Clint's job has a high level of autonomy. task identity. skill variety. feedback. task significance.

task significance.

Kwan has a Master's degree in psychology, but he is working at a sunglasses cart in the mall. Kwan is currently experiencing reverse discrimination. the glass ceiling. attribution. underemployment.

underemployment.

Based on the Management in Action case and what you know about Lewin's change model, Carnival managers should use the coronavirus pandemic as motivation for change at the organization during the ________ stage of the model. changing unfreezing reacting refreezing

unfreezing

Studies exploring nurses' perceptions about using robots to insert IVs found initial resistance, with some nurses concerned about the cost and potential patient harm of these devices. As part of the ________ stage of change, the nurses' managers are modeling how to use the robots and demonstrating their high level of accuracy. change freezing refreezing unfreezing

unfreezing

Dakota, a manager for a large trucking company, wants to evaluate his truck drivers but is unsure of which type of performance appraisal to use. He has data on the number of miles driven, customer complaints, number of traffic tickets, absences, and number of weight violations. Dakota would be well-advised to implement forced ranking because it would create competition. use an objective appraisal to evaluate and support the drivers. use a behavioral appraisal to catalogue the customer complaints. complete a 360-degree feedback appraisal with input from multiple raters.

use an objective appraisal to evaluate and support the drivers.