Management - Final Exam Study Sheet

______________ refers to the specific tactics employed to realize desired behaviors from others. A) Opposition B) Experimentation C) Influence D) Performance E) Arbitration

Influence

Which of the following is true for performance measures used by managers when implementing control processes? A) In order for a measure to be valid, data should be gathered on every product sold. B) Information should be drawn from the work process rather than from employees. C) Superiors should provide qualitative analyses of performance instead of relying on objective data. D) Qualitative measures are preferred to quantitative measures wherever possible. E) Once a measure is established, it should not be subject to change.

Information should be drawn from the work process rather than from employees.

________ are propositions that express generally accepted principles or rules. A) Hypotheses B) Codes C) Fallacies D) Strategems E) Maxims

Maxims

Which of the following is true of an agency's relationship? A) It is always a financial relationship. B) It requires that the principal acts in the best interests of the agent. C) The agent and all employees who are subordinate to the agent are not responsible toward the principal. D) The principal has certain responsibilities toward the agent. E) The relationship is such that principals are not required to monitor agents.

The principal has certain responsibilities toward the agent

Which of the following reflects the biblical view of work? A) Economic loss is a curse from God and a sign of disfavor. B) Service should be seen as a means to attain God's favor. C) Both economic gain and economic loss are seen as gifts from God. D) Economically unproductive time and activity is condemned. E) Diligent, honest work always produces an economic reward.

both economic gain and economic loss are seen as gifts from God

Jake repeatedly subjects his subordinates to ridicule, sarcasm, humiliation, and loud vulgar language. He often sets impossible targets and expects his subordinates to achieve them. This form of abusive power is called __________ A) arbitration B) identification C) opposition D) bullying E) ingratiation

bullying

The ________ approach to managerial control depends on the existence of a superior-subordinate relationship. A) market B) bureaucratic C) concurrent D) clan E) task

bureaucratic

A manufacturing company compares information about the number of unites produced in a shift with the number of hours worked in that shift and monitors the production hours lost due to equipment downtime on a weekly or monthly basis. This is an example of ___________ control. A) individual-level B) market mechanism C) feed-forward D) operational task E) strategic-level

operational task

The ___________ studies the effects of two types of situational variables that can influence leadership effectiveness: differences between individual workers and differences in the tasks of the work A) functional leadership theory B) Great Man theory C) reinforcement theory D) path-goal theory E) trait theory

path-goal theory

According to Nash and McLennan's coping strategies model, ________ believe that their faith influences their work in the business world, unconsciously guiding them, but choose not to push their religious beliefs because they value tolerance and freedom from discrimination. A) justifiers B) cynics C) atomists D) percolators E) secularists

percolators

At the end of the month, the management FHT compare the amount of products produced during the month for a given of raw materials of resources. This comparison is known as the ________________ for the organization A) operational risk B) performance ratio C) market mechanism D) technical standard E) probability measure

performance ratio

Managerial control devices that are used as work is performed are known as _______________ control devices A) retrospective B) predictive C) passive D) real time E) prospective

real time

According to Mitroff and Denton's definition, the ________ organization aims to prevent the development of excessive power and emphasizes results that indicate improvements are being made toward moving the organization completely away from greedy behavior. A) recovering B) evolutionary C) religious D) values-based E) socially responsible

recovering

When subordinates and peers feel a sense of loyalty and admiration toward a manager, they are more willing to do things that the manager asks of them. In such situations, the managers is said to have A) expert power B) coercive power C) legitimate power D) referent power E) reward power

referent power

After three years on a particular project, Stephanie was transferred to another team which handles a project for which Stephanie does not have the skills. She suspected that she was transferred after she complained to the Human Resources department about the racist comments made by her manager. If Stephanie is correct, her transfer was the result of an abuse of power known as ________. A) identification B) ingratiation C) retaliation D) arbitration E) refreezing

retaliation

Which of the following characterizes the efforts of Christians who hold to an inclusive identity within society? A) the desire to live a life that is relevant to those in the larger culture B) the desire to understand and empathize with the values of larger society C) a desire to incorporate the best in surrounding culture into their lives D) a desire to live a distinctive life defined by the faith community E) a desire to differentiate themselves from the cultural practices of the world

A desire to live a life that is relevant to those in the larger culture

The conflict between ________________ over scarce resources is a biblical example of a turf war A) Abraham and Sarah B) Abraham and Lot C) Cain and Abel D) Paul and Barnabas E) Joshua and Moses

Abraham and Lot

________ is associated with setting a national policy of sacrificing during years of abundance, setting aside resources for future lean years. A) Aaron B) Gideon C) Daniel D) Joshua E) Joseph

Joseph

Jason has been working in the sales division of a beverage company for the last six months. In this short period of time, Jason has learnt that Mr. Lee, his manager, keeps increasing monthly targets significantly. However, though the target appears unrealistic each time, Jason has consistently been able to reach them. Mr. Lee's approach of leading his employees to work more efficiently by setting successively higher targets is an example of his ________ leadership style. A) participative B) democratic C) person-oriented D) achievement-oriented E) supportive

Achievement-oriented

After being passed over for a promotion for which he thought he had good chances, Andrew began blaming his luck and his manager's favoritism towards Jeffery, who received the promotion. Andrew is an average performer at work; he tends to push deadlines, and does not like being given critical feedback. Which of the following statements would best explain Andrew's bitterness at not being promoted? A) Andrew is unable to meet his safety needs. B) Andrew rates very high on the trait of agreeableness. C) Andrew's manager is a Theory X manager. D) Andrew is guided by external control. E) Conscientiousness is one of Andrew's strongest qualities.

Andrew is guided by external control

Which of the following is an example of a turf war? A) Mark lodged an official complaint at the EEOC about his manager's racist remarks when he performed badly. B) While many believe that Brian and Scott are high performers, the fact is that they use underhanded methods to obtain most of their contracts. C) As Tim retired recently, Henry and Nathan are vying to be allotted the lucrative sales region for which Tim was responsible. D) Charles and Maria have been buying their manager, George, expensive gifts and wines as the time for end-year appraisals and promotions draws near. E) Judith feels that Rachel, her boss, calls her to her cabin for long, and unnecessary meetings that are of no significant use to her work.

As Time retired recently, Henry and Nathan are vying to be allotted the lucrative sales region for which Tim was responsible

Which of the following is an example of prospective managerial control? A) Janeway Inc. has dedicated customer service personnel who collect detailed customer feedback at service centers. B) KES Systems monitors production processes through closed-circuit cameras at all workstations. C) Vulcan Marketing maintains a detailed record of employee performance by measuring the sales per employee for each month. D) Managers at Neelix Inc. evaluate employee performance and conduct performance appraisals for employees every year. E) BLT Manufacturing selects new employees who will be able to achieve the quality and precision in work that the job demands.

BLT Manufacturing selects new employees who will be able to achieve the quality and precision in work that the job demands

Richard feels that a lot of the younger members in his team are inefficient and unwilling to put in any work. He strongly believes that the younger generation is irresponsible and cannot be trusted. Consequently, Richard does not feel comfortable delegating any work to his juniors, even if they are able and willing to work. Richard's inability to delegate work to his juniors represents the ________ component of his negative attitude towards them. A) cognitive B) affective C) behavioral D) emotional E) passive

Behavioral

Which of the following accurately reflects the Christian view on authority and subordination? A) Subordinates should adopt the worldviews of their masters. B) Authority should be respected and supported only if it is religious authority. C) Christians are expected to demonstrate submission to appointed authority. D) Influencing another person's behavior is not legitimate in the biblical view. E) The only legitimate authority is God's authority.

Christians are expected to demonstrate submission to appointed authority

The concept of ________ describes leadership as primarily an individual activity in which one person attempts to get others to do things that the individual wants to get done A) Great Man theory B) shared leadership C) servant leadership D) the Golden Rule E) free-rein leadership

Great man theory

According to David Miller's five-part model representing how Christians approach their faith at work, Experience Type people integrate their faith through ________. A) inner religious experiences that occur during spiritual disciplines such as prayer and meditation B) considering that their work itself is a calling and finding meaning through their work C) personal transformation or healing through more generic, nonreligious spirituality D) personal and business virtues and devoting their energies toward addressing social and economic justice E) introducing others to Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior either gently or aggressively

Considering that their work itself is a calling and finding meaning though their work.

Which of the following is an example of a descriptive market assumption? A) We should improve our distribution program in order to reach customers. B) Customers will choose the product if the company offers customization. C) The company will have an advantage if it lowers its prices. D) Customers prefer to buy non-essential supplies in smaller quantities rather than in bulk. E) If the company wants to increase its market share, it must step up its advertising.

Customers prefer to buy non-essential supplies in smaller quantities rather than in bulk

In response to concerns about declining productivity and product quality, AMZ Manufacturing began to recruit only employees who met its strict requirements, conducting stringent assessment tests before choosing candidates and having each employee undergo a two-month training period before beginning actual work. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the rationale behind this new system? A) The training process at AMZ is strongly correlated with the skills required to perform operational tasks. B) Increasing competition in the market has not increased the industry performance benchmark. C) Retrospective control mechanisms can identify the problem, but cannot provide solutions for the problem. D) The decline in product quality was due to a lapse in concurrent monitoring systems. E) The older employees at AMZ are unfamiliar with the latest communication technologies used in the company.

D) The decline in product quality was due to a lapse in concurrent monitoring systems.

Which of the following is an example of task control in an organization? A) Jake, the head of the marketing department, meets with managers from other departments to discuss plans for a product launch. B) Isabel and her colleague discuss the possibilities for cultural activities to enhance team spirit in the organization. C) Chloe's job involves coordinating between the customer research and design departments and passing on useful information. D) Danny calls a team meeting to discuss why the production targets for the month were not met. E) Nate uses his skills as a negotiator to get a major supplier to lower the prices of its raw materials.

Danny calls a team meeting to discuss why the production targets for the month were not met

________ market assumptions refer to what managers believe is real in the marketplace. A) Reactive B) Restrictive C) Prescriptive D) Descriptive E) Productive

Descriptive

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, ___________ leaders let followers know what is expected of them, participate in scheduling of work, and give specific guidance to workers A) servant B) participative C) democratic D) supportive E) directive

Directive

__________ refers to a high degree of achievement motivation, effort, tenacity, and initiative that is believed to be an essential trait of a leader A) Emotional stability B) Competence C) Self-confidence D) Charisma E) Drive 

Drive

Which of the following is true of needs?? A) All needs have the same and uniform intensity. B) Needs can be seen directly in operation in humans. C) Needs cannot guide perception or motivation. D) Emotions are good indicators of needs. E) Needs exist in the unconscious sphere of personality.

Emotions are good indicators of needs.

Which of the following, if true, would weaken the case that Regis should adopt a participatory approach A) The company encourages the development of strong, supportive relationships among employees and supervisors. B) Employee output has been rising steadily and the company's productivity has increased over the past year. C) Employees understand how their jobs relate to the overall strategic plan of the firm. D) Employees complain that their sense of innovation and creativity is being stifled by organizational culture. E) Employees consistently indicate that they are satisfied with the working environment and compensation at Regis.

Employees complain that their sense of innovation and creativity is being stifled by organizational culture.

Which of the following best summarizes the Peter Principle? A) Managers must not give employees more responsibility than absolutely necessary, as too much responsibility can result in lower productivity. B) Superiors must delegate both authority and responsibility. Delegation becomes meaningless unless the superior delegates the responsibility to complete the task along with the task itself. C) Employees develop to a maximum level of competence beyond which they do not grow. When they are promoted to a position of higher authority they cannot improve their competence. D) Employees are promoted to higher levels of authority because they have developed abilities to manage and lead in addition to their technical abilities. E) Only employees who have fully developed all the skills needed to be successful in all dimensions of management and leadership are promoted.

Employees develop to a maximum level of competence beyond which they do not grow. When they are promoted to a position of higher authority, they cannot improve their competence.

Which of the following is an consequence of bullying A) Employees become compliant on a long-term basis. B) Employees become committed to the organization. C) Employees develop trust toward their managers. D) Employees model the bullying behavior themselves. E) Employees focus on productivity and eliminate conflict.

Employees model the bullying behavior themselves

Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the case that Regis should adopt a participatory approach? A) Employees have been known to shirk responsibilities when left unsupervised. B) Employee output has been rising steadily and the company's productivity has increased over the past year. C) Employees understand how their jobs relate to the overall strategic plan of the firm. D) Previous attempts at empowering employees have failed to produce tangible results. E) Employees lack the long-term perspective required to make effective decisions for the organization.

Employees understand how their jobs relate to the overall strategic plan of the firm

According to Douglas McGregor's theory, a Theory Y manager is likely to: A) closely monitor the performance of the employees B) withhold rewards if dissatisfied with quantity or quality of work of employees C) provide instructions and expect employees to observe them without questioning D) encourage employees to participate in making decisions that apply to them E) demand that work be completed in a specific way

Encourage employees to participate in making decisions that apply to them

_________ focuses on the influence that our beliefs about a job and its outcomes have on the worker. A) Equity theory B) Theory Y C) ERG theory D) Expectancy theory E) Theory X

Expectancy theory

A person needs to be a member of a religious organization to develop spirituality.

False

Sinful humans cannot exhibit behaviors that are considered good or beneficial to others.

False

Those who follow apophatic spirituality emphasize spiritual development that takes place in the context of their day-to-day life.

False

Which of the following is true for operational task control? A) It uses only qualitative performance measures instead of quantitative measures. B) Operational task control measures apply to the whole organization rather than to a single department. C) The performance measures for this type of control are standard throughout the organization. D) Frontline supervisors, mid-level managers, and their superiors are involved in operational task control. E) It focuses on long-term organizational goals rather than short-term objectives.

Frontline supervisors, mid-level managers, and their superiors are involved in operational task control

Which of the following actions in the Bible was undertaken to increase efficiency?

Hiram's use of a single mold for ten basin stands

Which of the following actions in the Bible was undertaken to increase efficiency? A) Abraham's lie that Sarah was his sister B) the Israelite's forty-year journey through the desert C) the prohibition of intermarriage between members of different tribes D) Hiram's use of a single mold for ten basin stands E) Joseph's interpretation of Pharaoh's dream

Hiram's use of a single mold for ten basin stands

The fifth of the Ten Commandments suggests an underlying principle of respect for and preservation of authority. This commandment is: ________. A) You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor B) You shall not commit adultery C) Honor your father and your mother D) You shall not covet your neighbor's goods E) You shall not steal

Honor your father and your mother

According to Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory, factors that create job dissatisfaction are called A) motivators B) power factors C) affiliation factors D) activators E) hygiene factors

Hygiene factors

Which of the following is an example of a prescriptive managerial assumption? A) Research has indicated that customers prefer retailers that have online shop fronts. B) Eliminating intermediaries along the supply chain lowers costs for the company. C) If we do not cut our distribution costs, we will be unable to improve our advertising reach. D) Most of our competitors' products cannot match ours in quality, but have the advantage on price. E) None of our suppliers are willing to offer us better prices in exchange for an exclusive contract.

If we do not cut off our distribution costs, we will be unable to improve our advertising reach

Which of the following is true of strategic-level control within an organization? A) Its application is more precise than operational control. B) It ignores day-to-day operational activities. C) It focuses on short-term task-related goals. D) It is more objective than operational-level controls. E) It requires calculations of operational efficiency.

It ignores day-to-day operational activities.

Which of the following accurately describes the concept of agency? A) It is a system by which economic advantages are shared across a community. B) It is an agreement between two or more people to work together to achieve a common goal. C) It is a cause of variances in a process that is natural to or inherent in the process. D) It is a financial relationship between an owner, or principal, and the owner's hired manager. E) It is a process through which new members are socialized into the traditions of a particular community.

It is a financial relationship between an owner, or principal, and the owners' hired manager.

Which of the following organizations fulfils the sustaining role of management? A) Jameson Inc. is a construction firm that specializes in residential constructions. B) The Fortitude School inculcates values that will benefit children in later life. C) JYG is a transportation and distribution firm that operates along the east coast of the country. D) Jake runs a repair shop for all types of automobiles and bikes. E) BLC is a technology firm that strives to develop innovative products.

JYG is a transportation that operates along the east cost of the country

In which of the following cases is a person motivated to fulfill a lower-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A) Zaccheus, the tax collector, went through a spiritual conversion experience and gave back money to those he had cheated. B) The Israelites were motivated to donate goods for the building of the Tabernacle. C) Concern for her people motivated Queen Esther to choose to become their advocate with the king. D) The apostles left their fishing nets and livelihoods to follow Jesus. E) Jacob and his family asked to be allowed to move to Egypt from Canaan when there was a famine in Canaan.

Jacob and his family asked to be allowed to move to Egypt from Canaan when there was a famine in Canaan.

Which of the following organizations fulfils the redeeming role of management? A) Jameson Inc. a is construction firm that specializes in residential constructions. B) The Fortitude School inculcates values that will benefit children in later life. C) JYG is a transportation and distribution firm that operates along the east coast of the country. D) Jake runs a repair shop for all types of automobiles and bikes. E) BLC is a technology firm that strives to develop innovative products.

Jake runes a repair shop for all types of automobiles and bikes

Which of the following is an example of strategic control in an organization? A) Jake, the head of the marketing department, meets with managers from other departments to coordinate plans for a product launch. B) Isabel meets with her superior to discuss her role in the organization and the possibilities for promotion. C) Chloe's job involves coordinating between the customer research and design departments and passing on useful information. D) Danny calls a team meeting to discuss why the production targets for the month were not met. E) Nate uses his skills as a negotiator to get a major supplier to lower the prices of its raw materials.

Jake, the head of the marketing department, meets with managers from other departments to coordinate plans for a product launch.

Who among the following is most likely to be classified as a percolator according to Nash and McLennan's coping strategies model? A) Annie is vocal about her religious beliefs and doesn't miss an opportunity to share them with her coworkers. B) Though Carrie is a Christian, she believes that her faith has no influence on her behavior in the workplace, and keeps her beliefs and work separate. C) Danny goes to church regularly, but feels that what he hears there has no bearing on the business world, as business runs on entirely different, opposing values. D) James believes that his religious values help him make better decisions at work, but does not speak about his faith unless asked to, as he doesn't want to hurt his colleagues' sentiments. E) Nathan believes that all businesses should run on Christian values and makes every effort to change his team's values to reflect his ideal of Christian values.

James believe that his religious values help him make better decisions at work, but does not speak about his faith unless asked to, as he doesn't want to hurt his colleagues' sentiments

Which of the following organizations fulfils the creating role of management? A) Jameson Inc. is a construction firm that specializes in residential constructions. B) The Fortitude School inculcates values that will benefit children in later life. C) JYG is a transportation and distribution firm that operates along the east coast of the country. D) Jake runs a repair shop for all types of automobiles and bikes. E) BLC is a hospice that provides special care for terminally ill patients and their families.

Jameson Inc. is a construction firm that specializes in residential contrusctions.

Which of the following is true of Jesus' attitude towards wealth? A) Jesus associated with the poor, but not the rich. B) Jesus criticized greed, but not wealth. C) Jesus told his followers to sell all their possessions. D) Jesus said that wealth was the root of all evil. E) Jesus said that the pursuit of wealth was not legitimate.

Jesus criticized greed, but not wealth Jesus told his followers to sell all their possessions

Which of the following, if true, would contradict the Peter Principle? A) Though she was the top-performing event manager at her company, Rachel's productivity declined after she moved to a new house farther away from her workplace. B) Josh earned a middle-management position by virtue of his excellent performance as a sales representative, and went on to hone his management skills on the job. C) Jesse was the most productive worker in his department, but his productivity declined when management changed the reporting relationships within the company. D) Despite her educational qualifications, Claire's performance was not up to the mark even after repeated training, and the company was forced to let her go. E) Danny was the top-performing salesman in his department, but could not keep up when the company expanded the sales force and brought in more experienced salespeople.

Josh earned a middle-management position by virtue of his excellent performance as a sales representative, and went on to hone his management skills on the job

According to Nash and McLennan's coping strategies model, ________ believe that total integration of faith and work is possible. They see no distinction between the sacred and the secular. A) justifiers B) cynics C) atomists D) percolators E) secularists

Justifiers

Which of the following categories in Nash and McLennan's coping strategies model hold completely opposite views about the integration of faith and work? A) generalists and justifiers B) percolators and generalists C) justifiers and cynics D) secularists and cynics E) atomists and percolators

Justifiers and cynics

Which of the following is an example of concurrent managerial control? A) Janeway Inc. has strict checks in place to ensure that all raw material used in its products meets the highest standards. B) KES Systems monitors production processes through closed-circuit cameras at all workstations. C) Vulcan Marketing plans its sales strategies and sales targets at a company meeting held every quarter. D) Managers at Neelix Inc. evaluate employee performance and conduct performance appraisals for employees every year. E) BLT Manufacturing selects new employees who will be able to achieve the quality and precision in work that the job demands.

KES Systems monitors production processes through closed-circuit cameras at all workstations

Which of the following is true of servant leadership? A) It reflects the traditional view that followers are expected to serve the leaders. B) The primary aim of leaders is the profit of the company's stakeholders. C) Leaders should focus first on the needs of the employees. D) It fits in well with aggressive for-profit organizations that compete in dynamic industries. E) Servant leaders make their organizational priorities more important than their employees'

Leaders should focus first on the needs of the employees.

Which of the following is an example of retrospective managerial control? A) Janeway Inc. has strict checks in place to ensure that all raw material used in its products meets the highest standards. B) KES Systems monitors production processes through closed-circuit cameras at all workstations. C) Vulcan Marketing plans its sales strategies and sales targets at a company meeting held every quarter. D) Managers at Neelix Inc. evaluate employee performance and conduct performance appraisals for employees every year. E) BLT Manufacturing selects new employees who will be able to achieve the quality and precision in work that the job demands.

Managers at Neelix Inc. evaluate employee performance and conduct performance appraisals for employees every year.

Which of the following is an example of a prescriptive assumption? A) Most employees have no interest in achieving excellence in their work. B) Lower-level employees will not be motivated to excel in their work. C) Managers must give employees the freedom to plan their work according to their convenience. D) Most managers are unable to motivate employees without resorting to punishment. E) Employees are self-motivated and will take the initiative when given a chance.

Managers must give employees the freedom to plan their work according to their convenience

In which of the following cases would clan control be the most appropriate approach to organizational control? A) Each member of the sales team has well-defined weekly and monthly targets and is responsible for achieving them. B) The members of the sales team at ABS work independently, and require minimal coordination with each other. C) Members of the product development team at DSE do not have assigned roles and work closely together on all projects. D) B&S emphasizes single-point accountability for all mistakes in the product and monitors employees at all times. E) The management system at ABS is strictly hierarchical, with each employee reporting daily to a supervisor.

Members of the product development team at DSE do not have assigned roles and work closely together on all projects

According to Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory, factors that create job satisfaction are A) motivators B) power factors C) affiliation factors D) activators E) hygiene factors

Motivators

Who among the following is most likely to be classified as a resacralizer according to Nash and McLennan's coping strategies model? A) Annie is vocal about her religious beliefs and doesn't miss an opportunity to share them with her coworkers. B) Though Carrie is a Christian, she believes that her faith has no influence on her behavior in the workplace, and keeps her beliefs and work separate. C) Danny goes to church regularly, but feels that what he hears there has no bearing on the business world, as business runs on entirely different, opposing values that cannot be reconciled. D) James believes that his religious values help him make better decisions at work, but does not speak about his faith unless asked to, as he doesn't want to hurt his colleagues' sentiments. E) Nathan believes that all businesses should run on Christian values and makes every effort to change his team's values to reflect his ideal of Christian values.

Nathan believes that all businesses should run on Christian values and makes every effort to change his team's values to reflect his ideal of Christian values.

What was the flaw in Regis Industries' approach to fixing the situation?

None

Which of the following best explains this situation? A) Employees value extrinsic rewards even though intrinsic rewards have been found to be more effective. B) Employees perceive the company's compensation policies as fair and impartial. C) The company believes in motivating its employees using intrinsic rewards. D) The company does not provide its employees with adequate opportunities for growth. E) The company's pay scales are higher than those of its competitors and the industry standard.

None

Kevin is a manager who believes that those who are to be affected by a change must be involved in the change. Consequently, he always ensures that his subordinates have full knowledge of what is happening around them and often holds meetings to obtain employee opinion and suggestions before making any decision that would apply to them. Kevin follows the ___________ style of leadership A) participative B) autocratic C) task-oriented D) achievement-oriented E) directive

Participative

Which of the following is the best example of the use of strategic control in a Biblical situation? A) After making a deal with Laban to care for the spotted, speckled, and black sheep and goats, Jacob, the hired servant and son-in-law, started a selective breeding program. B) So complete was Josiah's trust in the honesty of the workmen rebuilding the temple that he stated that no accounting of the use of funds would be required from them. C) God commissioned Noah to build the ark to save a select few of all the people on earth during a flood. D) Nehemiah was put in charge of rebuilding the walls of the city of Jerusalem and governing its citizens when it was under Persian rule. E) Paul and Barnabas reported to the elders in Jerusalem regarding the controversy over the religious practices of non-Jews, following which the group of apostles came to a consensus.

Paul and Barnabas reported to the elders in Jerusalem regarding the controversy over the religious practices of non-Jews, following which the group of apostles came to a consensus.

His subordinates describe Paul as a task-oriented leader. Which of the following, if true, would most indicate that their view of his leadership style is correct? A) Paul is quick to show appreciation for a job well done. B) Paul is willing to listen to employees' problems and help them work through any issues. C) Paul makes it a point to keep employees informed about any changes or plans for the organization. D) Paul encourages employees to opt for training and development activities, work-related or otherwise. E) Paul sets performance goals for employees and monitors their performance.

Paul sets performance goals for employees and monitors their performance

Which of the following reflects the apostle Paul's views of work and economic gain? A) Economic abundance is a sign of sinful gain. B) People should be content with their level of economic attainment. C) Wealth gained through honest labor will always produce contentment. D) A person's wealth can be equated with his or her worth in God's sight. E) Humans can only attain salvation through poverty.

People should be content with their level of economic attainment

Michelle is a friendly and warm manager who starts her day at work by greeting her colleagues and subordinates. Michelle watches how employees are performing and takes in all relevant feedback by listening sincerely to employees' concerns and problems. She often takes the initiative to hold programs to renew and improve the skills of current employees. Most of her employees know that she is accessible for help and information at all times and appreciate the fact that she always has a few good words for a job well done. Which of the following best describes Michelle's leadership style? A) directive B) autocratic C) person-oriented D) transactional E) task-oriented

Person Oriented

Which of the following represents the first category of needs as one moves up Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? A) safety needs B) security needs C) self actualization needs D) physiological needs E) esteem needs

Physiological Needs

________ assumptions are beliefs regarding how reality should be. A) Reactive B) Restrictive C) Prescriptive D) Descriptive E) Productive

Prescriptive

________ managerial assumptions are value-based assumptions portraying the actions managers believe they should take or the goals they believe they should pursue. A) Reactive B) Restrictive C) Prescriptive D) Descriptive E) Productive

Prescriptive

Which of the following is the difference between religion and spirituality? A) Spirituality is organized, while religious traditions are more disorganized. B) Religion is generally communal in nature, while spirituality emphasizes individual belief. C) Spirituality requires that common symbols and practices be shared among members of a group, while religion does not. D) Spirituality is more formal and inflexible than religion. E) Religious belief is incompatible with secular values, while spirituality can co-exist with them.

Religion is generally communal in nature, while spirituality emphasizes individual belief.

___________________ power refers to the authority to control the distribution of tangible and intangible returns to subordinates A) Skill-based B) Expert C) Referent D) Coercive E) Reward

Reward

Which of the following is true of the use of power within an organization? A) The use of power is inappropriate within organizations as it is manipulative. B) The use of power always decreases other people's feelings of dignity. C) The use of power over subordinates involves the abuse of power. D) The use of power by managers should be avoided. E) Self-interested power should be avoided within organizations.

Self - interested power should be avoided within organizations

Maria Mendez, a young and successful attorney, stopped practicing law even though she found the profession lucrative and secure. She is now training in Art Therapy because this is the area that really interests her and fuels her growth. This choice she has made is driven by her A) esteem B) self actualization C) physiological D) safety E) social

Self Actualization

_____________ is leadership that is distributed to the members of the entire group rather than being the jobs of just one person A) Servant leadership B) Shared leadership C) Transactional leadership D) Leader-centered leadership E) Autocratic leadership

Shared leadershio

Which of the following is true of the concept of shared leadership as opposed to traditional top-down leadership? A) Shared leadership may be more complex and time-consuming than the traditional approach. B) The more the workers are interdependent on each other, the greater the need for traditional leadership. C) Tasks requiring high levels of creativity benefit from traditional rather than shared leadership. D) Traditional leadership requires that someone is designated to take responsibility, while shared leadership has no designated leader. E) Traditional leadership focuses on the responsibilities of the group as a whole, while shared leadership focuses on an individual.

Shared leadership may be more complex and time-consuming than the traditional approach

Which of the following is true of an employee who possesses internal control? 26) Which of the following is true of an employee who possesses internal control? A) She believes that she cannot influence what happens. B) She does not accept personal accountability for a task. C) She is more likely to avoid responsibility for work. D) She sees a connection between her efforts and the expected outcome. E) She is less likely to be motivated to work hard for desired outcomes.

She sees a connection between her efforts and the expected outcome.

Which of the following is true of technical challenges? A) The technology to overcome them does not exist as yet. B) Finding a solution is beyond the capacity of a single person. C) The organization does not possess the technical ability to find the solution. D) Solutions can be found if enough subject knowledge is used. E) There are no clear solutions even when enough technical knowledge is available.

Solutions can be found if enough subject knowledge is used.

In response to concerns about declining productivity and product quality, AMZ Manufacturing began to recruit only employees who met its strict requirements, conducting stringent assessment tests before choosing candidates and having each employee undergo a two-month training period before beginning actual work. However, six months into the new process, productivity and product quality did not improve. Which of the following, if true, could explain this? A) The training process at AMZ is strongly correlated with the skills required to perform operational tasks. B) Increasing competition in the market has not increased the industry performance benchmark. C) The company conducted extensive customer satisfaction surveys and received negative feedback about its products. D) Stringent productivity and product quality requirements have not been accompanied by appropriate performance indicators. E) The company supplements the observational feedback from supervisors with data from machinery to judge employee performance.

Stringent productivity and product quality requirements have not been accompanied by appropriate performance indicators.

______________ control is focused on the efficient and effective execution of specific activities of individuals and work teams A) Task B) Clan C) Strategic D) Agency E) Reaction

Task

In the Job Characteristics Model of motivation, meaning from work derives from the range of skills required at work, known as A) task identity B) task performance C) task significance D) task variety E) task evolution

Task Variety

The employee's perception that what he is doing makes a difference for other human beings is called A) task identity B) task significance C) task integrity D) task variety E) task complexity

Task significance

When one of the ingredients used in bath salts product was banned, chemical technicians at The Bathhouse had to redesign the product, adding new ingredients to replace the banned substance. This is an example of _______ challenge for the company. A) moral B) adaptive C) relational D) technical E) functional

Technical

______________ challenges are problems with solutions that can be found if enough subject knowledge is used A) Adaptive B) Complex C) Social D) Technical E) Arbitrary

Technical

Which of the following is a difference between technical and adaptive challenges A) Technical challenges require solutions at the macro-level, while adaptive challenges are resolved at the micro-level. B) Technical challenges are oriented toward factors external to the organization, while adaptive challenges reflect the inner concerns of the company. C) Technical challenges have a long-term orientation, while adaptive challenges can be resolved through short-term plans. D) Technical challenges have a definite solution, while adaptive challenges require experimentation to test possible solutions. E) Technical challenges are more difficult to resolve than adaptive challenges.

Technical challenges have a definite solution, while adaptive challenges require experimentation to test possible solutions.

Which of the following is true for Herzberg's Abraham and Adam views of motivation? A) The Abraham view believes that man was created in the image of God, while the Adam view doesn't. B) The Adam view is based on the concept of original sin, while the Abraham view denies this. C) The Adam view focuses on short-term goals, while the Abraham view is based on long-term goals. D) The Abraham view deals with motivators, while the Adam view deals with hygiene factors. E) The Abraham view refers to the needs for human survival, while the Adam view refers to social needs related to work.

The Abraham view refers to needs for humans survival, while the Adam view refers to social needs related to work.

Which of the following organizations fulfils the consummating role of management? A) Jameson Inc. is a construction firm that specializes in residential constructions. B) The Fortitude School inculcates values that will benefit children in later life. C) JYG is a transportation and distribution firm that operates along the east coast of the country. D) Jake runs a repair shop for all types of automobiles and bikes. E) BLC is a technology firm that strives to develop innovative products.

The Fortitude School inculcates values that will benefit children in later life.

________ states that employees tend to be promoted to the level of their incompetence A) The Turnpike Effect B) The Peter Principle C) Occam's Razor D) The Hawthorne Effect E) The Contrast Principle

The Peter Principle

Washburne, a media company, decided to implement a flextime policy, allowing employees to come to work at whatever time they chose and stay only as long as it took to get the work done. However, two months into the implementation, the managers noticed that productivity was declining and clients began complaining about the quality of Washburne's work. The management attributed the decline to the timings policy, and reverted to fixed working hours. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument that the flexible work timings were the cause of the decline in quality? A) Washburne lost one of its major clients as a consequence of quality concerns. B) Twenty percent of the employees at Washburne usually work from home. C) Employees at Washburne are allowed to choose the projects that they work on. D) The company recently introduced an employee empowerment initiative which reduced supervision. E) During this period the company experienced a lesser volume of work compared to the same period in the previous year.

The company recently introduced an employee empowerment initiative which reduced supervision

Taeko Motors is an automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Japan. Top executives of the company are contemplating upgrading the technology currently being used at Taeko's manufacturing facilities worldwide. Besides increasing the volume of output, the new technology will also allow for easier monitoring of production processes, thereby ensuring adherence to quality standards. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Taeko Motors should upgrade its technology? A) The company will be able to recover the cost of the new technology within five years. B) The cost of maintaining the existing machinery is minimal as the company has long promoted preventive maintenance. C) The company has an adequate budget to fund the acquisition of the new technology. D) The supplier of the technology is willing to offer free servicing and maintenance for the first five years. E) The company recently issued a safety recall of almost 500,000 cars after discovering that the fuel injection systems were defective.

The company recently issues a safety recall of almost 500,000 cars after discovering that the fuel injection systems were defective.

Which of the following is an example of a managerial factor affecting the choice of leader behavior? A) the complexity of the organization B) the degree of trust and confidence that the leader has with followers C) followers' need for independence D) how important the decision is to the followers E) whether a time pressure exists for making a decision

The degree of trust and confidence that the leader has with more followers

Washburne, a media company, decided to implement a flextime policy, allowing employees to come to work at whatever time they chose and stay only as long as it took to get the work done. However, two months into the implementation, the managers noticed that productivity was declining and clients began complaining about the quality of Washburne's work. The management attributed the decline to the new policy, and reverted to fixed working hours. What was the assumption that Washburne's managers made while implementing the flextime policy? A) Operational task control could not be achieved without the flexible timings policy. B) Task control was more important that strategic control for the organization. C) The managers could not exercise individual-level control without implementing task-level control. D) The employees would exercise individual-level self-control. E) The flexible timings policy increased the need for strategic level control.

The employees would exercise individual-level self-control

Taeko Motors is an automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Japan. Top executives of the company are contemplating upgrading the technology currently being used at Taeko's manufacturing facilities worldwide. Besides increasing the volume of output, the new technology will also allow for easier monitoring of production processes, thereby ensuring adherence to quality standards. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument that Taeko Motors should upgrade its technology? A) Employees fear that the new technology will render them obsolete. B) The company will be able to recover the cost of the technology within three years of implementation. C) The existing machinery is currently functioning at the optimal level and the cost of maintenance is minimal. D) The supplier of the technology is willing to offer free servicing and maintenance for the first five years. E) The new technology is expected to reduce the company's overall cost of production.

The existing machinery is currently functioning at the optimal level and the cost of the maintenance is minimal

Which of the following is a desirable strategy, according to Kotter's model of change management A) The manager must have faith that workers will automatically see the connection between the new behaviors and improved performance. B) The manager must plan for long-term rather than short-term success and set benchmarks accordingly. C) The manager must communicate through all available channels and use two-way dialogue and repetition effectively. D) The manager must formalize the organization structure to form a hierarchical, functional structure. E) The managers must avoid gathering a coalition of supporters as it may create misunderstanding between employees.

The manager must communicate through all available channels and use two-way dialogue and repetition effectively.

An organization wants to bring in a process-driven approach in its work environment to enhance productivity and accountability. The employees, however, are used to a flexible mode of working and refuse to comply. Which of the following courses of action would you recommend the organization take as a first step toward change, from the perspective provided by Lewin? A) The organization must create such anxiety and guilt among workers facing the change that they are forced to comply with the change. B) The organization must alter its work procedures and policies and consider that the change has been applied successfully. C) The organization must bring in new employees who are comfortable with the new methods of working. D) The organization must develop a one-step practical solution to the need for change as there is no scope of experimentation. E) The organization must describe to employees, with facts and figures, how low productivity has necessitated this change.

The organization must describe to employees, with facts and figures, how low productivity has necessitated this change.

When financial constraints limited recruitment at GTY Industries, older employees came under increased pressure. Employees who left the organization were not replaced, and existing workers had to take up additional responsibilities. Troy, a manager at GTY, must get his team to perform despite the low morale that prevails. Which of the following would strengthen the suggestion that Troy should use a directive management style to lead his team? A) Troy previously managed another department, and shifted to his current one after the financial trouble began. B) GTY's competitors have not been hit by the financial crunch and are actively recruiting new people. C) The existing workers have been in the department for a long time and are familiar with the process. D) The reduction in the size of the department has necessitated a reshuffling of roles and responsibilities. E) Another department at GTY is implementing a performance-based incentive scheme to motivate workers.

The reduction in the size of the department has necessitated a reshuffling of roles and responsibilities

In which of the following situations would a directive style of leadership be most resented by employees? A) SNRT took up a new project using unfamiliar technology, and the project team is still learning how to use it. B) High turnover rates in the past few months have meant that 70% of the product development team at SNRT has recently joined and is inexperienced. C) SNRT's product development team has been working together for three years, but recently shifted to a new process. D) The research team at SNRT has been working with a particular technology for the past two years and is well-versed with it. E) The informality of SNRT's organization culture leads to employees being unsure about the procedures to be followed.

The research team at SNRT has been working with a particular technology for the past two years and is well-versed with it.

When financial constraints limited recruitment at GTY Industries, the employees came under increased pressure. Employees who left the organization were not replaced, and existing workers had to take up additional responsibilities. Troy, a manager at GTY, must get his team to perform despite the low morale that prevails. Which of the following would strengthen the suggestion that Troy should use coercive methods to lead his team? A) The reduction in the size of the department has necessitated a reshuffling of roles and responsibilities. B) The team has a strict deadline and must reach a certain level of productivity in order for the company to stay afloat. C) The existing workers are capable of performing well despite the smaller workforce, but low morale prevents them from doing so. D) Troy worked his way up from the shopfloor to managerial level, and many of the workers admire this. E) Another department at GTY is implementing a performance-based incentive scheme to motivate workers.

The team has a strict deadline and must reach a certain level of productivity in order for the company to stay afloat

Mark is attending a course on leadership and is introduced to the concept of servant leadership. Mark believes that effective organizations are those that serve customers best. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument that he should adopt a servant leadership style? A) Employees are more motivated by healthy relationships with their supervisors than by money. B) Satisfied employees tend to be more loyal to the organization over the long term. C) There is no correlation between employee morale and organizational effectiveness. D) The most successful organizations are those that use coercive persuasion. E) Organizational effectiveness is directly proportional to customer satisfaction

There is no correlation between employee morale and organizational effectiveness

Which of the following accurately defines adaptive changes? A) They have no clear solutions even when plenty of technical knowledge is available. B) They require new recruits in an organization to adjust to the existing functioning of the organization. C) They are problems with solutions that can be found if enough technical knowledge is used. D) They have existing solutions and do not require experimentation to arrive at a solution. E) They are challenges an organization faces when the organization culture changes.

They have no clear solutions even when plenty of technical knowledge is available

In which of the following cases is grocery chain Greenstuff acting from motives of altruism and not self-interest? A) Following a week of heavy snow and bad weather, the chain reduces prices in order to sell off excess inventory. B) When research indicated that customers were willing to pay a premium for fair trade and organic products, Greenstuff began stocking these products exclusively. C) The firm offers its customers an online shopping facility to make it easier for them to order groceries. D) The firm recruits and trains youth from the immediate area to staff its stores. E) Though it could raise its prices by stocking only organic products, it prefers to offer produce that is not certified organic, but is affordable.

Though it could raise its prices stocking only organic products, it prefers to offer produce that is not certified organic, but is affordable.

When financial constraints limited recruitment at GTY Industries, older employees came under increased pressure. Employees who left the organization were not replaced, and existing workers had to take up additional responsibilities. Troy, the manager of the Operations department at GTY, must get his team to perform despite the low morale that prevails. Which of the following would strengthen the suggestion that Troy should use a participative rather than directive management style to lead his team? A) Troy began managing the Operations department only recently, and is unfamiliar with the processes. B) GTY's competitors have not been hit by the financial crunch and are actively recruiting new people. C) Another department at GTY is using a performance-based incentive scheme to motivate workers. D) The tasks undertaken by the department do not require much specialized knowledge or hard-to-find skills. E) Research indicates that leaders who opt for a directive management style tend to increase productivity quickly.

Troy began managing the Operations department only recently, and is unfamiliar with the processes.

A monk engaged in contemplation in a remote retreat is practising apophatic spirituality.

True

Apophatic spirituality is based on the belief that a wide chasm exists between God and humans.

True

Christians believe that God has established moral absolutes.

True

Nonreligious spirituality is the ability to see the sacredness in every dimension of life.

True

Spirituality can be religious or nonreligious.

True

Spirituality lived through work or study is called kataphatic spirituality.

True

Worship is the hidden work of the soul as it is moved by God, but also is the visible work of the soul as the person expresses glory to God.

True

In Lewin's model of change management, _________ aims at changing the equilibrium among the current field of forces affecting a group A) redesigning B) anchoring C) unfreezing D) stabilizing E) refreezing

Unfreezing

Vivian works in Expert Advice, a non-profit organization that provides free legal advice to those who cannot afford services of lawyers otherwise. Though Vivian had joined the organization as a part-time volunteer with no pay or benefits, today she has become one of its most dedicated members. Her role in the organization now involves raising money, campaigning for the poor, and recruiting more individuals like her to carry forward the cause. However, as it is a non-profit organization, the pay grades are lower than those at private companies. Vivian feels the rewarding nature of the job compensates for this and is optimistic about finding new employees with the same outlook. Which of the following factors, if true, would explain her commitment to her job? A) Vivian has a high degree of existence-related needs. B) Expert Advice focuses on extrinsic motivation. C) Vivian has a high degree of external control. D) Expert Advice focuses only on hygiene factors. E) Vivian's job has a high degree of task significance.

Vivian's job has a high degree of task significance

The degree to which the job provides freedom, independence, or discretion is referred to as A) esteem B) task significance C) expectancy D) autonomy E) task identity

autonomy

Which of the following statement is characteristic of a Theory X manager? A) Workers exhibit self-control and take the initiative when required. B) Workers have low ambition and want to avoid responsibility. C) Workers are willing to work toward the goals of the organization. D) Workers are ready and willing to take on responsibility for their work. E) Workers enjoy work and are capable of exercising self-direction at work.

Workers have low ambition and want to avoid responsibility

In which of the following cases is an organization most likely to be acting from motives of altruism? A) The management at DDR Inc. believes that its primary responsibility is to its shareholders and acts accordingly. B) CSTM revises its prices constantly in order to offer a competitive advantage over competitors' products. C) LTT's goal is to ensure that all its employees have every opportunity to improve themselves and learn new skills. D) YPR Corp. sells essential food products and keeps prices affordable even when its costs rise, to ensure that customers buy its products. E) SBC's organizational policy emphasizes that employee welfare is essential to ensuring productivity.

YPR Corps. sells essential food products and keeps prices affordable even when its costs rise, to ensure that customers buy its products

Who among the following was a wealthy tax collector who sold a portion of his goods when he met Jesus? A) Joseph of Arimathea B) Zacchaeus C) Gideon D) Saul of Tarsus E) Hezekiah

Zacchaeus

Which of the following characterizes the efforts of Christians who hold to an exclusive identity? A) the desire to live a life that is relevant to those in the larger culture B) the desire to change the larger culture so that it represents their understanding of Christian values C) a desire to incorporate the best in surrounding culture into their lives D) a desire to live a distinctive life defined by the faith community E) a desire to blend in with the cultural practices of the world

a desire to live a distinctive life defined by the faith community

Which of the following was a characteristic of the organization of the early church as portrayed in the New Testament? A) decentralized decision-making B) a closed system C) a localized reach D) a top-down hierarchy E) an autocratic decision-making style

a top-down hierarchy

According to David Miller's five-part model representing how Christians approach their faith at work, people of the Evangelism Type approach the integration of faith and work ________. A) through inner religious experiences that occur during spiritual disciplines such as prayer and meditation B) by compartmentalizing them as two separate and distinct aspects of life. C) through personal transformation or healing through more generic, nonreligious spirituality D) by devoting their energies toward addressing social and economic justice E) by introducing others to Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior either gently or aggressively

by introducing others to Jesus CHrist as Lord and Savior either gently or aggressively

The ________ approach to managerial control taps into the power of peer pressures and the informal social structures at work to influence behaviors. A) bureaucratic B) retrospective C) clan D) task E) concurrent

clan

In the biblical narrative of the Exodus, when the people of Israel were enslaved in Egypt, they were made to work at building the cities of Pithom and Ramses. They were whipped to make them work and raw materials were withheld to make their task harder. This is an example of the use of ________. A) expert power B) coercive power C) legitimate power D) referent power E) reward power

coercive power

When one person has the authority to discipline an employee or withhold key resources, he possesses A) expert power B) coercive power C) skill-based power D) referent power E) reward power

coercive power

The ability to quickly process large amounts of information, make judgments about which information is the most significant, and then bring conceptual order to the data fro decision making is a measure of a leader's A) emotional stability B) creative ability C) cognitive ability D) flexibility E) drive

cognitive ability

If employees are unwilling and unable to undertake or complete a task, the appropriate leadership style in this situation would be __________ A) participative B) democratic C) person-oriented D) directive E) supportive

directive

In Lewin's model of change management, refreezing is aimed at A) changing the equilibrium among the current field of forces affecting a group B) reinforcing the existing patterns of behavior with a view to encouraging change C) embedding a change within a group to ensure stability D) developing a practical solution to the need for change through trials and adjustments E) helping individuals make the desired adjustments to their expectations and behavior

embedding a change within a group to ensure stability

The relationship between Outcomes and Inputs using the math ratio of O/I is referred to as the A) job enrichment ratio B) key result ratio C) equity ratio D) incentive ratio E) merit-raise ratio

equity ratio

Jayne is very good at computer programming and most people in her company depend heavily on her knowledge to execute their projects. Jayne's specialized knowledge gives her A) expert power B) coercive power C) legitimate power D) referent power E) reward power

expert power

Managerial control devices that are established before work is done are known as ________________ A) retrospective B) real-time C) passive D) reactive E) feed-forward

feed-forward

Managerial control devices that are used after work is completed are known as _______________ A) predictive B) feedback C) reactive D) prospective E) concurrent

feedback

Which of the following is an example of a follower related factor affecting the choice of leader behavior? A) the value system of the leader B) the degree of trust and confidence that the leader has with followers C) the complexity of the organization D) how important the decision is to the followers E) whether a time pressure exists for making a decision

how important the decision is to the followers

When a person deliberately tries to misrepresent himself in an attempt to gain an advantage at work, the person is abusing the power through a process known as A) retaliation B) identification C) opposition D) bullying E) ingratiation

ingratiation

Which of the following is true of task control within an organization? A) It involves interaction primarily between managers and non-managers. B) It focuses on achieving the organizational strategies as a whole. C) It is exercised only for new situations or strategies. D) It does not involve non-human components of the production process. E) It occurs when managers work with other managers to ensure that they carry out organizational strategies.

it involves interaction primarily between managers and non-managers

17) Which of the following is true of indirect witnessing? A) It involves sharing the witness of others rather than a personal experience. B) It involves living a moral life rather than talking about faith and God. C) It involves spreading the Gospel through media rather than personally. D) It is often responsible for offending people or exerting undue influence over them. E) It emphasizes speaking openly about God and spiritual matters.

it involves living a moral life rather than talking about faith and God

When a manager makes adjustments to the job so that employees have a higher motivation and job performance, he is providing A) job rotation B) job feedback C) job enrichment D) job guarantee E) job safety

job enrichment

Shared leadership is a reflection of the fact that __________ A) in reality, leaders typically function in isolation from followers B) it is only the top-level leaders who face adaptive challenges C) leadership involves competent, charismatic individuals making their subordinates work to reach the results D) leadership skills can be found only in few people at the very top of organizations or society E) leadership is a collective, group process, and more than merely the behavior of one person

leadership is a collective, group process, and more than merely the behavior of one person

Receiving an appointment for work in an organization always comes with a certain amount of discretionary authority for decision making known as ____________-- A) reward power B) legitimate power C) expert power D) coercive power E) referent power

legitimate power

An assembly line job is likely to have A) low task identity B) high task significance C) high task identity D) high task variety E) low task evolution

low task identity

In the ________ method of control, employees are rewarded for meeting or exceeding individual goals in order to encourage alignment with organizational objectives. A) lean B) clan C) concurrent D) market mechanism E) feed-forward

market mechanism

A transactional leader is most likely to A) reward employees for the work that they have done, thus encouraging compliance by followers B) help followers trust the leader and develop a loyalty toward the common vision C) stimulate others in the organization to become thinkers of what the organization is all about D) pay attention to the emotional needs of others and consider individual differences E) avoid authoritarian, command, and control behaviors when dealing with employees P401-407

reward employees for the work that they have done, thus encouraging compliance by followers.

As a regional sales officer, one of Brandon's job responsibilities is to process the yearly appraisal forms of his subordinates and provide them with increments, bonuses, or benefits based on their performance that year. This job responsibility directly reflects his A) skill-based power B) expert power C) referent power D) reward power E) coercive power

reward power

Which of the following is the first step in the managerial control process? A) investigating the causes of variance from goals B) computing the variance between goals and actual performance C) calculating the performance ratio D) setting fair performance goals E) gathering objective data in a timely manner

setting fair performance goals.

The type and complexity of an organization is an example of the ___________ factors affecting the choice of leadership behavior A) follower-related B) situational C) task-related D) managerial E) behavioral

situational

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, ____________ leaders show concern for the needs of workers by showing personal interest in their welfare and being friendly toward them A) task-oriented B) autocratic C) supportive D) achievement-oriented E) directive

supportive

The Job Character Model focuses on A) existence, growth, and relatedness B) task variety, task integrity, and task significance C) social, esteem, and self-actualization needs D) openness, conscientiousness, and extroversion E) attitudes, beliefs, and values

task variety, task integrity, and task significance

As the manager of the front office division at a large hotel in the city, Judith spends a lot of her time at the office planning and coordinating the work of her staff. She ensures that there is a clear delegation of responsibilities for all her subordinates. She also provides her staff with clear performance goals, monitors their performance closely, and gives relevant feedback when necessary. She typically does not entertain employee requests based on personal needs or circumstances as she feels this makes her department less competent. Judith follows the ________ approach to leadership. A) supportive B) participative C) person-oriented D) free-rein E) task-oriented

task-oriented

Which of the types described in David Miller's five-part model is most likely to use direct witnessing when integrating faith with work? A) the Empathetic Type B) the Enrichment Type C) the Experience Type D) The Ethics Type E) the Evangelism Type

the Evangelism type

When there are conflicting goals in an organization, power is the ability of persons or groups to achieve their goals when others prefer the achievement of different goals, if A) the influence is limited to one party B) two parties are at the same level of the hierarchy C) the goals are all equally valid D) the available resources are scarce E) the conflict is limited to the goals in question

the available resources are scarece

Which of the following situations would necessitate strategic control rather than task control from managers? A) A production bottleneck at FHT requires the technical staff to modify the machinery on the assembly line. B) The entry of a new competitor in the market compels FHT to change its pricing, advertising and distribution. C) Production on the assembly line at FHT stalls when a number of new employees join at the same time. D) Inventory begins building up at FHT as a number of trucks from the distribution fleet need repairs. E) The research team at FHT needs to change a product testing method in order to comply with regulations.

the entry of a new competitor in the market compels FHT to change its pricing, advertising and distribution.

According to Maslow, to motivate an employee, the provided opportunities for need satisfaction must target: A) all five types of needs that operate within any individual B) only the basic and instinctual needs that everyone seeks to meet C) the level of the hierarchy of needs that he/she is operating at D) higher order needs alone, because they relate to growth E) one's desire to know and understand our environment

the level of the hierarchy of needs that he/she is operating at.

According to Mitroff and Denton's definition, the socially responsible organization believes that ________. A) business cannot solve social problems, and only increases them B) business has no influence on society and operates in a different sphere of life C) the organization must constrain its own behaviors so that the greater good of society can be promoted D) the organization has a primary responsibility to its stakeholders and must concern itself only with their welfare E) successful businesses result in a decrease in social problems, and hence focus on business

the organization must constrain its own behaviors so that the greater good of society can be promoted

Power is defined as A) the degree of moral issues a change process creates B) the specific tactics employed to realize desired behaviors C) the state of being subject to the authority or control of another D) the differences of opinion regarding what's best for the company E) the potential to influence other people's behavior

the potential to influence other people's behavior.

Which of the following traditional Jewish practices best reflects the Jewish belief in God's ownership of everything while also showing their trust in his sustenance? A) the practice of circumcising every male child B) the practice of slaughtering a lamb for the Passover C) the practice of refusing to eat pork and other similar animals D) the practice of halting agricultural production every seventh year E) the practice of washing the hands and feet when entering a house

the practice of halting agricultural production every seventh year

Managers should avoid the directive leadership style when _________ A) the task is ambiguous or complex B) the workers are new and inexperienced C) there is no set process to accomplish the task D) workers are unfamiliar with the task E) the work is routine and monotonous

the work is routine and monotonous

An organization would most likely use the clan control approach if ________. A) team members do not know each other well and rarely interact with each other B) there is a high degree of interdependence in working processes within the organization C) tasks are well-defined and each team member is accountable to a supervisor D) the work requires that individual employees have autonomy and flexibility to perform well E) most employees telecommute and work alone except in unusual situations

there is a high degree of interdependence in working processes within the organization

According to David Miller's five-part model representing how Christians approach their faith at work, ethics type people are defined as people who integrate their faith ________. A) through inner religious experiences that occur during spiritual disciplines such as prayer and meditation B) by considering that their work itself is a calling and finding meaning through their work C) through personal transformation or healing through more generic, nonreligious spirituality D) through personal and business virtues and devoting their energies toward addressing social and economic justice E) by introducing others to Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior either gently or aggressively

through personal and business virtues and devoting their energies toward addressing social and economic justice

When managers use their influence to maintain control or increase the scope of control over key resources, they are engaging in _______________ A) unfreezing B) turf wars C) refreezing D) dysfunctional conflict E) ingratiation

turf wars

Which of the following is an example of a situational factor affecting the choice of leader behavior? A) the value system of the leader B) the degree of trust and confidence that the leader has with followers C) followers' need for independence D) how important the decision is to the followers E) whether a time pressure exists for making a decision

whether a time pressure exists for making a decision

In order for managers to establish practical, objective measures that are valid voices of the work process being managed, they must ensure that data is drawn from the __________, wherever possible. A) employee doing the work B) industry benchmarks C) work process itself D) employee's peers E) supervisors at work

work process itself