management test 2
Where would it be easiest to redesign jobs
Sally's Craft shop
What's the optimal size for a decision making group?
5 or 7 individuals
The first irrational decision made by your faithful instructor involved
A 1971 Black Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme
__________ is the emotional reaction that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional
A-type conflict
1. Which of the following organizations violates unity of command? a. Functional organization b. Product organization c. Matrix organization d. All of the above e. None of the above
All of the above
For which situation would a functional design be appropriate
All of the above are appropriate situations for the functional design
1. Which of the following factors would reduce the effectiveness of job enrichment, according to the job characteristics model? a. An employee who is dissatisfied with his pay, benefits, and working conditions b. An employee with weak or marginal skill levels c. An employee who has an instrumental orientation toward work d. All of the above would reduce the effectiveness of job enrichment A and C only
All of the above would reduce the effectiveness of job enrichment
Which of the following would reduce the effectiveness of job enrichment
All of the above would reduce the effectiveness of job enrichment
Which of the following organization designs violates unity of command
All of the above; unity of command is violated in every organization
1. Katarina is the leader of a standing committee, and she is trying to avoid the groupthink that can often occur in group decision making. Which of the following techniques should she consider? a. Assigning one person to act as a devil's advocate b. Keeping her preferences secret until the end c. Requesting that divergent viewpoints be considered d. All of these e. Only A and C
All of these
Which of the following is NOT required for the effective delegation to occur
An employee who does not make mistakes on the delegated tasks
When an employee is given more work or tasks to do but is given very little control over the work/tasks, this is known as _________________and it primarily increases___________________.
An enlarged job; skill variety
All of the following are true concerning satisficing EXCEPT
Satisficing is more likely to be used in the decision-making condition of certainty than risk and uncertainty
All of the following are rules of effective brainstorming except
Select an open-mind group leader
Which of the following job design strategies requires the jobholder to make the greatest number of non-programmed decisions
craft jobs
1. The Yerkes-Dodson law assumes that a. As arousal increases, performance increases b. Arousal and performance are related in an inverted U manner c. As arousal decreases, performance increases d. Arousal and performance are not related
Arousal and performance are related in an inverted U manner
Which of the following is NOT true concerning the irrational model of decision-making?
It is a prescriptive model of decision-making
1. Clifton likes his co-worker, Matthew, but when Matthew violates company policy, Clifton report him to their boss. Clifton is using which characteristic of Weber's bureaucratic model? a. Hiring and promotion based on technical expertise b. A hierarchy of position with an attendant chain or command c. Business conducted in an impersonal fashion d. Distinct division of labor e. Rules to ensure uniform task performance
Business conducted in an impersonal fashion
As an organization external environment becomes more dynamic, _______________.
Chain of command is bypassed more
1. Which of the following job designs will allow the greatest opportunity to make non-programmed decisions? a. Specialized jobs b. Enriched jobs c. Craft jobs d. Job rotation e. Enlarged jobs
Craft jobs
1. A finance manager as company XYZ has to decide how to invest the company's excess cash. The company's principal bank outlines several investment options, each with a guaranteed rate to return on investment. This is an example of a. Satisficing b. Decision making under uncertainty c. S.W.A.G. d. Decision making under risk e. Decision making under certainty
Decision making under certainty
1. Which of the following techniques minimizes the group process in decision-making to the greatest extent? a. Delphi technique b. Synectics c. Nominal Group Technique d. Brainstorming e. None of the above: each uses the group process to make decisions
Delphi technique
1. When a manger purchases stock in a company and refuses to sell it even after it has dropped 40 percent in value, which behavioral process is most likely influencing his manger? a. Bounded rationality b. Escalation of commitment c. Intuition d. Programmed decision e. None of the above
Escalation of commitment
1. Which of the following job characteristics is least likely to lead to a feeling of job enrichment> a. Controlling one's schedule b. Checking the quality of your own work c. Serving a customer d. Completing a whole piece of work e. Filling out routine weekly attendance reports
Filling out routine weekly attendance reports
1. Sally Smith's business has grown from what was a one-person operation to one that employs 50 people. Sally has decided to reorganize the company by putting all the production people in one department the marketers in another and so on. What form of departmentalization is she using? a. Customer b. Functional c. Matrix d. Agency e. Product
Functional
Which of the following is not true concerning synectics
It separates idea generation from idea evaluation
Which step in the following Nominal Group Technique is incorrect
Group members generate solutions working as a team
Which of the following is false concerning heuristics
Heuristics are likely to be employed when making decisions under conditions of certainty
Which of the following is true concerning group decision-making
In the long run, group decision-making is more efficient than individual decision-making
1. Which of the following is not true concerning brainstorming a. Inhibitions in terms of idea generation can be completely eliminated b. Quantity of ideas is sought c. Members are supposed to say the first thing that pops into their minds d. It relies on group interaction to generate ideas e. Even bad or really weird ideas can sometimes lead to good ideas
Inhibitions in terms of idea generation can be completely eliminated
1. Which of the following is true concerning the Nominal Group Technique? a. During the final step emphasis is placed on gaining complete consensus regarding the decision b. It allows some members to dominate and other members to not participate c. It's based on the research that demonstrated the 5 individuals working together were more creative than these same 5 individuals working alone d. It's really a group "in name only" during several of its steps e. It attempts to increase interaction among group members in generating solutions to a problem
It's really a group "in name only" during several of its steps
Which of the following is not true concerning product designs
Its employees develop a high level of technical expertise in their specialties
1. Which of the following are not true concerning job enrichment? a. Job enrichment may not be desire by some employees b. An organization with a prospector strategy should implement job enrichment c. Job enrichment is resisted by some supervisors because it leads to power loss and/or job less d. Some employees may demand grated rewards due to job enrichment e. Job enrichment doesn't necessarily lead to job enlargement
Job enrichment doesn't necessarily lead to job enlargement
Which of the following is NOT true concerning job enrichment
Job enrichment is desired most by those employees with instrumental motivation
When a decision is framed negatively, its framed in terms of a _________ and it will cause the decision-maker to take _____________.
Lose; more risk
Which of the following is not a disadvantage typically associated with specialized jobs?
Low quantity job performance
Uncertainty in decision-making
May occur when a manger knows her alternatives but has no idea what they could lead
1. Increasing management levels a. Cause the organization to become more decentralized b. Increases organization pressure c. Make the chain of command more clear d. Narrows spans of control e. Increase resource overutilization
Narrows spans of control
1. Which of the following is NOT required for effective delegation to occur? a. The establishment of checkpoints to evaluate the subordinate's performance b. A subordinate who is willing and able c. No mistakes on the subordinate's part d. Rewards for delegates who get things accomplished A specific deadline for task completion
No mistakes on the subordinate's part
1. For which situation would a functional design be appropriate? a. The organization has a prospector strategy b. The organization is large in size c. The organization has many different products d. The organization operates in dynamic environment e. None of the above
None of the above
1. Which of the following widens span of control? a. Many nonsupervisory activities b. Operating in a stable environment c. Managing poorly trained environment d. Being an inexperienced supervisor Supervising complex activities
Operating in a stable environment
According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, if a manger places a hyper sensitive employee on a specialized job and a hypo sensitive employee on a n enriched job, one would expect, in the long run, the hyper sensitive employee will experience, _____________ arousal and the hypo sensitive employee will experience ____________ arousal
Optimal; optimal
1. The job of project manager (by itself) in the matrix design violates what organizing principle? a. Parity of authority and responsibility b. Chain of command c. Unity of command d. Socialization- e. coordination dilemma Span of control
Parity of authority and responsibility
The job of project manager in the matrix design violates what organizing principle?
Parity of authority and responsibility
Which of the following disadvantages of traditional brainstorming is overcome by the use of electronic brainstorming
Production blocking
1. One advantage of a product design is that: a. Greater efficiency results b. Profit centers are set-up c. The CEO maintains control over coordination responsibilities d. More expertise is developed due to focus on specialization e. Duplication of specialists is minimizes
Profit centers are set-up
Which of the following is not an advantage of a matrix design
Reduced conflict for employees about their roles and responsibilities
Which of the following conditions favors the manger using individual decision-making
Subordinate acceptance of the decision is not an issue
1. Which technique utilizes fantasy and analogy to generate creative ideas? a. Brainstorming b. Synectics c. Nominal group technique d. Delphi technique
Synectics
Which of the following is true concerning decisions made under risk?
The alternatives are known but their outcomes are in doubt
. A manufacturer of acrylic and latex gloves sells to medical laboratories, to chemical companies, to micro-tech equipment manufacturers, ad to cleaning services companies. Because its organized to satisfy the needs of its each of its 4 target markets, the manufacturer uses __________________departmentalization
customer
Which of the following narrows span of control
The manager is a supervising subordinate who are inexperienced
In the specialization-coordination dilemma of organizational design
The more you specialize, the more difficult coordination becomes
Widening spans of control
decreases management levesl
1. If you were to attempt job redesign in the U.S. what would be the most likely reaction of a union? a. The union would not be concerned b. The union would say that it was OK but only for non-union members c. The union would resist it and would see it as a way to get more work out of fewer employees d. The union would be in favor it for their members only e. The union would publicly endorse redesign as a humanitarian effort on the part of the management
The union would resist it and would see it as a way to get more work out of fewer employees
1. Which of the following conditions factors individual decision-making? a. Subordinate acceptance of the decision is a concern b. There is a great deal of personal conflict among subordinates c. All the subordinates support the goals of the organization d. All of the above A and B
There is a great deal of personal conflict among subordinates
1. All of the following are true concerning Operations Research (OR) techniques except a. They're an aid and not a substitute for managerial decision-making b. They generally require quantitative date c. They are techniques that are most useful for generating alternatives d. Some problems cannot be solved using these techniques e. Decisions made are only as good as the data on which they are based
They are techniques that are most useful for generating alternatives
1. Which of the following is false regarding heuristics? a. When a heuristic leads to an error in judgment, its called a bias b. They make us more effective because they lead to more good decisions than bad ones c. The representativeness heuristic employs stereotypes in making judgments d. They tend to make the simple, complex and hard to understand e. We're sometimes unaware that we're using heuristics
They tend to make the simple, complex and hard to understand
During the industrial revolution when the factories grew rapidly in size and the owner couldn't do al the managing himself, he hired professional managers and made them responsible for managing operative employees. This example illustrates ___________.
delegation of authority
1. In an enriching job. If you implemented every step except for ______ you would be left with _______. a. Establish client relationships; a craft job b. Vertical loading; an enlarged job c. Form natural work unites; job rotation d. Combining tasks; a specialized job
Vertical loading; an enlarged job
1. Which of the following is not true concerning decisions made under risk? a. The alternatives are known but their outcomes are in doubt b. It is the most common decision-making condition c. When one plays the odds well a poor outcome will not result The key to making good decisions here is to have accurate probabilities
When one plays the odds well a poor outcome will not result
Which of the following would cause a manager to overestimate the frequency of an event with the availability heuristic?
When the event is emotional in nature
A human resource manager has found that applicants who scored high on a personality test measuring conscientiousness, given as part of the employment process, made a good employee, remarkably, 9 out of 10 times (90%). Thus, this manager has instituted a rule governing future hiring's: only applicants who score high on conscientiousness will be hired. This rule is an example of
a decision made under risk
. The ___________approach to decision-making is a method in which a specific member or subgroup is appointed the role of critic
devils advocacy
According to the formula (performance= ability x motivation x role clarity0, which of the following deals with the employee knowing what expected on his/her job?
role clarity
1. In a highly centralized organization a. More decisions are made by the top management b. There is less delegation of authority c. Lower level managers will make more programmed decisions d. All of the above e. Only A and B
all of the above
1. Which of the following is true concerning decentralization? a. As the environment becomes more dynamic, it becomes more important b. The motivation of lower level mangers is boosted due to job emrichment c. It becomes necessary as organizations grow larger in size d. All of the above Only A and B
all of the above
In the Delphi technique
all of the above
Which of the following factors can bound one's rationality, according to the behavioral model of decision-making
all of the above
1. Which of the following factors would cause one to overestimate the frequency of an event with the availability heuristic? a. When the event it emotional b. When the event us recent c. When the event is vivid d. When the event is easily imagined e. All of the above
all the above
The compromise that occurs in group decision-making that leads to a lower quality decision being made but a decision that is accepted more readily by the group members is known as _____________.
all the above
If one eliminates step 4: vertical loading from the job enrichment process, the resulting job design would be
an enlarged job
1. At the CIBA- Geigy plant in St. Gabriel middle management decided to make the accounts payable department a self-managed team. As a result, the team members had no formal supervisor and were give the power to make important decision affecting the team. This transition to self-managed team primarily increased which of the following task characteristics? a. Task significance b. Performance feedback c. Autonomy d. Task identity e. None of the above
autonomy
1. Which technique, purposefully, involves only the generation of ideas, not that the evaluation of ideas? a. Brainstorming b. Nominal group technique c. Synectics d. Delphi technique None of the above: each of the following involves generation and evaluation of ideas
brainstorming
1. Programmed decisions are associated with which of the following decision-making conditions? a. Certainty b. Risk c. Uncertainty d. All of the above e. Both A and B
certainty and risk
An industrial engineer in a matrix design has just been given a task to complete by Friday morning by the hybrid car project manager and at the same she receives a similar request from the hydrogen car project manager. She is not sure which project should receive priority. She also is being pressured by her functional manager to attend training classes so she can stay up to date technically. The confusion she is experiencing about what to do next is due to a problem with ___________.
chain of command
1. AN advantage of specialization jobs is that a. Employee turnover increases b. Employees tend to feel a sense of ownership over their jobs c. There is a greater dependence of the skills of the worker d. Performance quality rises e. Employee training and compensation cost are low
employee training and compensation cost are low
As an organization becomes more decentralized, the jobs of the lower level managers in organization become more _______________.
enriched
Disadvantages of the ___________design include slower decision-making, development of workers with experience and expertise
functional
1. In which organizational design type is it more difficult to replace the CEo from within the organization? a. Matrix design b. Functional design c. Network design d. Product design e. Customer design
functional design
1. In a matrix design, responsibility for deciding which employees are assigned to the various project teams lies with the a. Project manager b. Functional manger c. CEO d. Individual employee due to the decentralized nature of the matrix None of the above
functional manager
1. Several years ago, the Peen Central Railroad went bankrupt because of a series of very poor managerial decisions. In retrospect, there was too much emphasis in the group on presenting a united front and reaching a consensus decision. As a result, many excellent decision alternatives were never considered. What disadvantages of group decision making does this represent? a. Domination b. Compromise c. Groupthink d. Irrationality e. Coalitions
groupthink
1. Which of the following is NOT a theoretical advantage of job enrichment? a. High satisfaction b. High work motivation c. High quality performance d. High turnover Low absenteeism
high turnover
1. The behavioral model assumes bounded rationality. Under which of the following conditions are decision made according to the behavioral model? a. Certainty b. Risk c. Uncertainty d. All of the above e. Only B and C
risk and uncertainty
1. The compromise that takes place in group decision-making leading to lower quality and less acceptable decisions being made is known as a. The leveling effect b. An assembly effect c. Groupthink d. A process loss A and D
leveling effect and a process loss
In ABC Company, Pat, a marketing specialist, is assigned to a team to develop a new shampoo. He reports to both a Marketing Manager and in this case a personal Care Product Manager. ABC Company is utilizing
matrix structure
You have just created a new position in your marketing department called PodCast Marketing Executive. This person must develop downloadable podcast videos for your products and services. Since this position is new and you've never hired anyone for this positions you must spend a lot of time thinking about analyzing the kind of qualifications and characterizes that the jobholder must have in order to be successful. This type of decisions is known has a ________decision
nonprogrammed
According to the textbook, a(n) ____________organization is one that is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities; loosely defended, frequently changing roles and delegation of authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge
organic
. Operations Research (OR) techniques are most valuable to decision-makers when they decision under ________________.
risk
Non-programmed decisions are associated with which of the following decision making conditions
risk and uncertainty
when a plant manager is attempting to find a site for a new plant and selects the first site that she finds that meets the basic requirements for price,utilities, and transportation, which decision making strategy is this plant manager utilizing? a) satisficting b)optimizing c) maximizing d) bounded raionality
saisficting
Which of the following sources of feedback is seen as most valid by the employee?
self
As task identity for a job increases, so does __________?
skill variety
1. Which technique does not separate the generation of ideas from evaluation of ideas a. Delphi technique b. Synectics c. Brainstorming d. Nominal group technique
synetics
1. Which of the following is true concerning group decision-making? a. Individual decision-making leads to better implementation of a decision than group decision-making. b. The best member in the group, on average, would make a better decision than the group makes. c. Groups make better decisions than the average individual member would make alone d. In the short run, group decision-making is more efficient than individual deicison-making e. Both B and C
the best member and groups make better
1. Which of the following is NOT true concerning matrix designs? a. The job of a project manager is more difficult than the job of a functional manger b. It achieves specialization without a loss of coordination c. It creates a great deal of stress for its employees d. The CEO retains lot of day-to-day control of a matrix organization It combines functional and product organizations
the ceo
1. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, if a manger places a hypo-sensitive employee on a specialized job and a hyper-sensitive employee on a enriched job, one would expect the hypo-sensitive employee to experience ______ arousal and the hyper sensitive employee to experience ______ arousal. a. Too little; too much b. Too much; too little c. Too much; too much d. Too little; too much e. Optimal; optimal
too little; too much
1. Irrational or implicit favorite decision-making is most likely to occur when which of the following decision-making conditions? a. Risk b. Certainty c. Uncertainty d. All of the above e. Certainty and risk
uncertainty
During this step of the job enrichment process, an employee is given the power to make important decisions about her job (i.e., deciding what to do, how to do it, and when to do it). This step is known as ________________.
vertical loading
Which of the following analogies helped Pringle's Potato Chips solve its production problem?
wet leaves
