Management Test 3

Bias

A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.

Affirmative Action

A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group.

structured interview

A selection interview that consists of a predetermined set of questions for the interviewer to ask

self-awareness

A self-conscious state in which attention focuses on oneself. It makes people more sensitive to their own attitudes and dispositions

Benefits required by law

1. Social Security 2. Unemployment insurance 3. Workers' compensation insurance 4. Family and medical leave 5. Health care

2 keys to self-awareness

1. Soliciting feedback 2. Using self-assessment

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.

self-assessment

an evaluation of your strengths and weaknesses

centralization of authority

the location of most authority at the upper levels of the organization

span of management (span of control)

the number of workers who report directly to one manager

Yale University uses ____________ to correct discrimination that has occurred in the past. They have prevented Asian-American and Caucasian students from attending the university while favoring African-American and Hispanic students.

Affirmative Action

self-efficacy

An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

divisional structure

An organizational structure composed of separate business units within which are the functions that work together to produce a specific product for a specific customer

Whenever Ashley needs to meet with the programmer assigned to her department, Rajiv who was born in India, she is anxious because she believes all Indian men have sexist attitudes toward women. Ashley is ___________Rajiv.

Stereotyping

project manager

The person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.

competitive advantage

a set of unique features of a company and its products that are perceived by the target market as significant and superior to those of the competition

team structure

an organizational structure in which the entire organization is made up of work teams

line authority

authority that entitles a manager to direct the work of an employee

Neuroticism

degree of emotional instability or stability

perceptual distortions

errors in perceptual judgment

authority

the right to use power

prejudice

preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience

employer brand

similar to a product brand except that it promotes the organization as a great place to work, rather than promoting a specific product or service

unconscious bias

social stereotypes about certain groups of people that individuals form outside their own conscious awareness

compensation

something, typically money, awarded to someone as a recompense for loss, injury, or suffering.

collaboration

the action of working with someone to produce or create something

Ethnorelativism

the belief that groups and subcultures are inherently equal

Employment Law

the branch of civil law that governs employer-employee relationships

Antonio is a telecommunications expert, and he has just been asked to determine how to maximize the effectiveness of a wireless network. He checks with several company executives to determine what they would like to see when the system is complete. Antonio is increasing __________ to be better able to manage himself during the project.

the clarity of his objectives

Machiavellianism

the degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means

Departmentalization

the dividing of organizational functions into separate units

gender wage gap

the gap in earnings between women and men, usually expressed as a percentage or proportion of what women are paid relative to their male equivalents. Current true gap is $.99:$1.00

diversity

the presence of difference within an environment

performance appraisal

the process of assessing how well employees are doing their jobs

managing diversity and inclusion

the process of creating an environment that allows all employees to contribute to organizational goals and experience personal growth

Recruiting

the process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants

Job Analysis

the process of getting detailed information about jobs

negativity bias

the tendency to focus or remember the negative aspects of experiences

Civil Rights Act of 1964

outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Mary Celeste Barnes owns Blackberry Farms and Blackberry Mountain, resorts in Tennessee. Now she is opening The Valley, a new leisure park. As a result, her strategy for the next few months will focus on finding the right people to work at her new property. Which of the following HR functions should she focus on? 1. Appraisal 2. Forecasting 3. Benefits 4. Labor relations

2. Forecasting

Pure Nature Vitamins rewards employees with annual incentive pay based on that year's performance rather than salary increases based on seniority. 1. Old Social Contract 2. New Social Contract

2. New Social Contract

The 360-degree feedback performance appraisal system tries to improve performance ratings by forcing managers to: 1. Rate employees based on their actions, not their traits 2. Compare employees 3. Rate employees based on intuition 4. Include information from a wide variety of sources in their reviews

4. Include information from a wide variety of sources in their reviews

Which of the following benefits must Denise offer her employees by law? 1. Educational reimbursements 2. Health insurance 3. Paid time off 4. Social Security

4. Social Security

matching model

A human resources (HR) approach in which the organization and the individual attempt to match each other's needs, interests, and values.

Pluralism

A state in which people of all races and ethnicities are distinct but have equal social standing

Women's Leadership Style

Collaborative, less Hierarchical, Relationship oriented

blind hiring

Focuses managers on an applicant's job skills and performance rather than educational credentials, appearance, or prior experience.

Mitch likes his coworkers, thinks his pay is fair, and appreciates the interesting assignments his boss gives him, so Mitch is likely to have high ___________

Job Satisfaction

Across-the-board increase

Pay adjustments provided to all employees with the same rate regardless of rank

Authoritarianism

Power and status differences should exist within organization

large span of control

- Lower costs due to fewer managers - Fewer layers of communication from top to bottom -Each manager is directly responsible for a relatively large group of staff.

HRM Laws to Know:

1. Civil Rights Act, Title 7 2. Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) 3. Equal Pay Act 4. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)

When it is time for Jamal's performance appraisal, his manager, several of his coworkers, his primary client, and Jamal himself fill out forms describing his effectiveness. This is an example of ____________

360 Degree Feedback

organization chart

a diagram that shows the structure of an organization, classifications of work and jobs, and the relationships among those classifications

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

a federal agency designed to regulate and enforce the provisions of Title VII

job satisfaction

a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics

cross-functional team

a team composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization

mechanistic organization

authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised

challenge stress

Associated with workload, pressure to complete tasks, and time urgency Can be positive

Phuong believes she does not contribute much to her history class discussions because the instructor is intimidating. However, Phuong is ______________ because in physics class, where the instructor is much harsher but Phuong knows the material better, she is a strong contributor to class discussions.

exhibiting the self-serving bias

realistic job preview

gives a candidate a picture of both positive and negative features of the job and the organization before he or she is hired

Managers with __________ emotional intelligence can undermine employee morale and hurt the organization.

low

Big 5 Personality Traits

Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

line departments

Units that deal directly with the organization's primary goods and services

Coordination structure

ensures that different departments and groups work in sync.

tall structure

has an overall narrow span and more hierarchical levels

staff departments

include all those that provide specialized skills in support of line departments

New Contract Employer

-creative development opportunities -lateral career moves; incentive compensation -challenging assignments -information and resources; decision-making authority

New Contract Employee

-employability; personal responsibility -partner in business improvement -learning; skill development

Old Contract Employee

-job security -a cog in the machine -knowing

Traditionally Discriminated Groups

1. Age 2. Race 3. Gender 4. Pay Level 5. Disability 6. Lifestyle

3 parts to company strategy

1. Attract 2. Motivate 3. Maintain

human capital imitability

Skills and talents of associates cannot be copied by other organizations

Old Contract Employer

Standard training programs Traditional compensation package Routine jobs Limited information

Delegation

The assignment of new or additional responsibilities to a subordinate

Cognitive Diversity (diversity of thought)

The degree of difference in how one thinks or approaches solving problems

Human Resource Management

The process of managing human talent to achieve an organization's objectives

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

U.S act that provides employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave to care for family members or because of a serious health condition of the employee.

Accountability

Willingness to take credit and blame for actions.

Perception

a cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings

Monoculture

a culture that accepts only one way of doing things and one set of values and beliefs

organization structure

a system of tasks, reporting relationships, and communication linkages

task force

a temporary group of employees responsible for bringing about a particular change

internship

a temporary paid or unpaid position that involves direct work experience in a career field

Stereotypes

a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

glass ceiling

an invisible limit on women's climb up the occupational ladder

matrix structure

an organization combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures-vertical and horizontal

training

an organization's planned efforts to help employees acquire job-related knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors, with the goal of applying these on the job

Inclusion

assuring a sense of belonging

Individual Behavior

attitudes, personality, perception, learning, and motivation

external attribution

attributing the cause of a person's behavior to an external event or situation in the environment

organic organization

authority is decentralized, there are fewer rules and procedures, and networks of employees are encouraged to cooperate and respond quickly to unexpected tasks

job description

summarizes what the holder of the job does and how and why he or she does it

"I don't know what to do. Last week my boss, Amy, told me that I couldn't go on the company ski trip because I was too fat. Can you believe that?" 1. Discrimination 2. Stereotypes 3. Ethnocentrism

1. Discrimination

Raul is a new manager. He can increase his employees' job satisfaction by: 1. Giving his employees more control over the way they do their work 2. Asking his employees to work faster 3. Setting easier goals for his employees 4. Holding his employees accountable for higher performance

1. Giving his employees more control over the way they do their work

If Denise wants to know how much the jobs in her gym are worth in comparison to one another, she should do a: 1. Job evaluation. 2. wage and salary survey. 3. job specification analysis. 4. job description analysis.

1. Job evaluation.

threat stress

Stress that is counterproductive Presenteeism - people go to work, but are too stressed to be productive

self-confident

feeling sure about yourself and your abilities

5 approaches to departmentalization

functional, divisional, matrix, team, virtual

flat structure

has a wide span, is horizontally dispersed, and has fewer hierarchical levels

Stress

how I feel about the MGMT 3000 Test

Human Resource Planning

identifying the numbers and types of employees the organization will require to meet its objectives

Gourd Supermarkets has an extensive training program for all new employees and then has all employees spend a day in customer service and workplace safety training each year. 1. Old Social Contract 2. New Social Contract

1. Old Social Contract

Jessica wants to know her job will be there for her year after year. 1. Old Social Contract 2. New Social Contract

1. Old Social Contract

Top 3 factors for maintaining competitive success

1. human capital 2. customer relationships 3. product and service innovation

Ardetta just finished getting her RN—BSN degree, and now she's working at the Anderson Regional Medical Center in Mississippi. During her training, Ardetta learned that only nurses should give medications, but in her hospital, nursing assistants will sometimes give drugs to a patient if instructed to do so by a doctor. Ardetta isn't sure exactly what she is expected to do, and she is experiencing: 1. role ambiguity. 2. interpersonal demands. 3. role conflict. 4. challenge stress.

1. role ambiguity.

A technology company is growing rapidly and needs to hire experienced developers and marketing professionals. The best people in these fields usually have jobs and need to be enticed to apply elsewhere. To identify individuals who are likely to be a good match, hiring managers should: 1. use social media platforms like LinkedIn to screen for people with the relevant experience at high-performing companies. 2. offer internships to college students getting degrees in computer science or marketing. 3. post job openings on job boards such as Monster where all kinds of positions at all kinds of companies are posted.

1. use social media platforms like LinkedIn to screen for people with the relevant experience at high-performing companies.

Equal Pay Act

1963 law that required both men and women to receive equal pay for equal work

As the hiring director, which of the following are effective in removing bias from the recruiting, interviewing, and hiring process? Check all that apply. 1. Final hiring decisions can be made individually as long as the manager has followed a set of criteria in evaluating the candidate 2. Make department managers aware that unconscious bias exists 3. Remind managers that their first or "gut" instinct is often the right choice 4. Final hiring decisions should be made by a hiring committee consisting of three or more department managers

2 and 4 are correct

Managers today are most likely to work on which of the following diversity issues? 1. Trying to make sure that they find tests that do not unfairly discriminate against African-Americans 2. Looking for ways to use the diverse skill sets brought the company by a wide variety of diverse employees 3. Trying to make sure that they have more than just a token presence of minority employees in their companies 4. Trying to make sure that their workforce reflects the racial makeup of the neighborhoods that surround them

2. Looking for ways to use the diverse skill sets brought the company by a wide variety of diverse employees

"Why don't women have the mechanical skills to take care of their own cars?" 1. Discrimination 2. Stereotypes 3. Ethnocentrism

2. Stereotypes

Sexual harassment in the workforce in an important concern ofeveryone in the workplace. Any incidence of sexual harassment is a violation of the: 1. Equal Pay Act 2. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act 3. Occupational Safety and Health Act 4. Family and Medial Leave Act

2. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

The Clorox Company, well known for its diversity among its mid- and senior-level leaders, has 10 employee resource groups (ERGs) for employees with similar dimensions of diversity. The Asian ERG helped develop the idea for the company's Glad MatchWare brand. ERG groups at Clorox enable the company to: 1. enhance the breadth of understanding in leadership positions. 2. increase the quality of team problem solving

2. increase the quality of team problem solving

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

2010 legislation aimed at reducing the number of uninsured individuals and decreasing health care costs

The biomedical division needs to hire the best biomedical engineers in the world to be competitive in this global industry, and competition to attract talent is stiff. Many of the most innovative engineers work for startups. What would be the most appropriate HRM approach? 1. Contract with engineers on a temporary basis to avoid having to invest in their training and development. 2. Spend more time using LinkedIn and other sites to identify engineers at other companies and try to lure them away. 3. Acquire startups with talented employees and integrate these employees into the company's culture.

3. Acquire startups with talented employees and integrate these employees into the company's culture.

"I think the people in France have it right. Women here don't wear burqas, so if Muslim women are going to move here, they shouldn't wear burqas either." 1. Discrimination 2. Stereotypes 3. Ethnocentrism

3. Ethnocentrism

Bank of America's diversity and inclusion efforts include creating more than 200 Employee Networks. There are networks for women, blacks, Hispanics, LGBT, and intergenerational employees. These networks allow members to connect with others who have a similar dimension of diversity and helps employees to feel included, leading them to stay at Bank of America longer than one might expect. 1. Increased quality of team problem solving 2. Enhanced breadth of understanding in leadership positions 3. Reduced costs from turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits

3. Reduced costs from turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits

Monica recently got a promotion to a management role with greater scope and responsibility. She wants to be as effective as possible in her new job. Which of the following could help her improve her ability to manage her new subordinates? 1. Understanding that her management style has gotten her a promotion so she should not change anything 2. Updating her résumé as an exercise to reflect on her career path to date and what her next step should be 3. Reflecting on the effects of her past actions to evaluate how they affected herself and others 4. Taking an extension class in how to read a company's financial statements

3. Reflecting on the effects of her past actions to evaluate how they affected herself and others

The VP of human resources wants to make the case for hiring and promoting more female managers. She has heard about the "female advantage" and asks you, "How could this support my position?" 1. Because some women have the capacity to be seductive, they can climb the career ladder faster than equally qualified men. 2. Because girls tend to have few leadership opportunities in school, they are hungrier for power than men by the time they reach the workforce. 3. Women are inherently stronger contributors in small, more intimate organizations than in large, more impersonal corporations. 4. As workplaces become more collaborative, women's tendency to have high verbal skills and relationship skills can make them strong managers.

4. As workplaces become more collaborative, women's tendency to have high verbal skills and relationship skills can make them strong managers.

Maya is hoping to hire lifeguards to work at her community pools this summer. What is the first step she must take in this process? 1. Decide whether she will place ads in Craigslist, on Nextdoor, or at the local high school 2. Ask applicants to fill out an application form 3. Interview applicants for the job 4. Determine how many lifeguards she will need

4. Determine how many lifeguards she will need

People who have a strong internal locus of control do well: 1. In situations that require them to conform to the instructions and orders of another person 2. In jobs such as sales, where success depends on the actions of others 3. In situations that they cannot control 4. In jobs that link rewards to work outcomes

4. In jobs that link rewards to work outcomes

human capital value

Associates are capable of performing the basic work of the organization

Your cousins differ in their __________ . John thinks that grandparents should have the most say in the family and parents should obey them and children should obey their parents; Johanna thinks that everyone in the family should have equal say in decisions and respect each other's different choices.

Authoritarianism

"Jennifer, a cafeteria worker, often forgets to put the cheese on sandwiches because she is easily distracted and does not focus on the task at hand," is an example of __________

Internal Attribution

Nadiya, your classmate, is struggling to keep up with class. Last week, she told you that she even thought about cheating on a test. If the professor catches Nadiya, the professor is likely to believe that Nadiya is cheating due to an __________ cause, such as __________. The professor's perception is being influenced by the __________ .

Internal; Her Dishonesty; Fundamental Attribution Error

Chester, a salesperson, has high __________ because he is sure he can exceed all his sales goals this year.

Self Efficacy

Decentralization

Degree to which decision-making authority is given to lower levels in an organization's hierarchy.

division of labor

Division of work into a number of separate tasks to be performed by different workers

You apply for a job and are invited to take a __________ test. This questionnaire asks about your beliefs, attitudes, and work habits to determine your interests and motivations.

Personality

Which of the following interview questions are illegal? Check all that apply. 1. From which university did you get your degree? 2. How many children do you have? 3. What days do you normally take off for religious purposes? 4. What year did you graduate from high school?

Question 1 is the only legal question

Airbnb, Bain and Company, and Guidewire ranked one, two, and three, respectively, on Glassdoor's 2016 Employees' Choice Awards list as the best large companies to work for. A firm that seeks to be recognized as a great place to work is building its _______________

employer brand

Attributions

inferences about the causes of people's behaviors

employment tests

legally considered to consist of any procedure used in the employment selection decision process, even application forms, interviews, and educational requirements

grit

passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

functional structure

people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups

Pay for Performance (P4P)

performance-oriented incentives for hospitals and physicians to improve the quality of patient healthcare

behavioral questions

questions designed to determine if an applicant has the necessary traits for a job

Conscientiousness

the care a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness of others; dependability

organizational commitment

the degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization

diversity dividend

the financial benefit of improved performance resulting from a diverse workforce

internal attribution

the inference that a person is behaving in a certain way because of something about the person, such as attitude, character, or personality

chain of command

the line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level

resilience

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

emotional contagion

the process by which emotions are transferred from one person to another

background check

the process of verifying certain information provided by a job applicant

staff authority

the right to advise, but not command, others who are not subordinates in the chain of command

human capital

the skills and knowledge gained by a worker through education and experience

human capital rareness

the skills and talents of an organization's people that are unique in the industry

responsibility

the state or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having control over someone.

fundamental attribution error

the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the external attributes and to overestimate the impact of internal attributes

self-serving bias

the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors

halo effect

the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic

Discrimination

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members based on preconceived notions

Virtual Recruiting

using social media's video and chat features, virtual job fairs, and recruitment software to identify desired candidates