Management Test 3/Final
The concept of trust is made up of integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty, and openness. Of the five dimensions, which one seems to be most critical when someone assesses another's trustworthiness?
Integrity
_____________ is an organizational communication network using Internet technology that is accessible only to organizational employees.
Intranet
A large retail chain wants to assess how well its buyers are performing. Ideally, merchandise comes in and is sold within days so the revenue from the sale can be used to pay the invoice for the merchandise. Which financial ratio would be helpful in this situation?
Inventory turnover
Wes just received the annual retirement report for his area. It looks like within a three-year period, Wes could lose three of his long-tenured directors. This has Wes very concerned about what to do. These three directors are responsible for some of the most successful client relationships. They know everything about the clients and seem to meet their every need before the client even speaks. Wes should be looking into which of the following?
Knowledge management
__________ is what leaders do.
Leadership
Matt enjoys seeing for himself how things are going in his department. Often you can find Matt out in the area visiting his employees and listening to them talk about their work. Matt is using which control technique?
Management by walking around
Which of the following early theories of leadership defined leader behavior as concern for people and concern for production? The theorists went so far as to label one of their styles of leadership, "country club."
Managerial grid
Thinking in terms of the job characteristics model, which one of the following situations would an individual find most motivating?
Matt works independently with adults with developmental delays, sometimes working on activities of daily living and other times working on socialization skills.
The fact that Matt can communicate with his colleagues electronically from anywhere on the road is a benefit that IT brings. Communication accessibility becomes easier. This is called which of the following?
Networked communication systems
Ben is like the Energizer®® bunnylong dash—he's always doing something but hops from one task to another without really accomplishing anything, leaving a wake of unfinished tasks behind him. Ben could benefit from more ____________.
Persistence
Yohnna had been told no several times and by several people as she was working to accomplish her goal. But no matter how many no's she heard, she would not give up until the goal was accomplished. Yohnna is displaying what element of motivation?
Persistence
Managers put control systems in place for various reasons. Which of the following reasons would address workplace violence and security breaches?
Protecting the workplace
Hersey and Blanchard's interest in followers focused on their _____________.
Readiness
Why should managers be concerned with employee motivation?
Research indicates the majority of workers are disengaged from their work.
In the sales department Hal is constantly trying to bring in the highest revenue each quarter. Hal fully believes he is able to do this, no matter the hurdles. He continues to stay focused on the goal and puts in all his effort. Which of the following goal-performance contingencies is Hal leveraging?
Self-efficacy
Which one of the following theories best expresses the relationship of leadership research to national culture?
Situational leadership
Jim never could trust his team. He knew that every time he was out of the office they would be loafing off and not getting their work done. He also knew that unless he watched them very carefully, the work they did do would be inadequate to reach the team's goals. Which of the following motivation theories best represents the way Jim might lead his team?
Theory X
Most orders for Christmas merchandise are placed by retailers to arrive in mid-October. But several years ago the dock workers were on strike, so the orders sat in the transporter ships. Only one retailer, JC Penney, was spared the shortages because its buyers anticipated the strike and ordered early that year. Why would Penney's choose to incur merchandise costs so early?
To protect the workplace from supply chain disruptions
Roseanne is excellent at sharing a compelling vision with others. Despite being a young entrepreneur, she often has the ability to gather support based just on her vision. Which of the following would best describe Roseanne's leadership?
Transformational
Many of the early theories of leadership examined specific behaviors. Which of the following described leadership behavior in terms of autocratic styles and democratic styles?
University of Iowa
When Elaine was trying to motivate her team toward a challenging goal, she often said, "We MUST get this done!" She would emphasize the word "must." This is called which of the following?
Verbal intonation
The ability to create and articulate a fascinating and credible picture of the future is best left to which of the following descriptions of leaders?
Visionary
In 2007 the U.S. economy went into a deep recession lasting two years. Many households held on to their cars longer rather than trade them in for a new model, causing many dealerships to miss their sales quotas. The appropriate response in this situation would be to_____________
adjust the sales quotas until the economy recovered
An organization that used gamification in the design of its reward program would probably ___________.
allow employees to progress through a series of levels to earn badges and honors
Managers of foreign business units are less likely to experience __________ control than are managers of domestic units.
concurrent
Every 15 minutes, Bobbi Jo, a quality auditor, pulls a part from the bin of die castings and measures several important features on the part to verify that it meets the customer's specifications. This behavior is a type of ___________.
concurrent control
Mike, a quality manager, realizes the work environment in the production facility may cause some people to have thoughts of violence, and potentially someone could act on those thoughts. So Mike spends a good deal of his time among the workers, observing their interactions, listening to their complaints and taking steps to address them, and demonstrating best practices to deal with frustration. Mike's actions would be considered a type of _____________.
concurrent control
When encoding a message, it is important to _____________
consider the abilities and attitudes of the receiver
What the researchers in the Michigan study called employee-centered behavior, the researchers in the Ohio State study called _____________.
consideration
Penny seeks input from her subordinates and encourages them to express their opinions in situations that involve their work. Penny is a _________ leader.
democratic
When Glenn delegated tasks to his subordinates, he explained the desired results, the reporting requirements, and any applicable guidelines. Glenn created a(n) ______________.
effective control system
When Marla processes time records for payroll, she sends them from her computer to the company that prepares paychecks and direct deposits using a(n) _______________.
electronic data interchange
Stan borrowed the company laptop for an out-of-town conference. While he had it at home, he made a mirror image of the hard drive that he copied to his personal home so he could have the latest versions of his work-related applications. Stan engaged in __________.
employee theft
Because of the technological advances in communication, _____________.
employees are reachable in more locations
For a pay-for-performance program to be effective, ___________.
employees must make a clear connection between what they do and what they receive
According to Robert House, the style a leader should use with an individual depends on _____________.
environmental and employee contingency factors
An knowledge management system is most similar to a(n) _______________.
expert system
Work at Siemens often involves collaborating with customers on designs. Once the design is approved and placed into the production schedule, the customers like to be able to track the progress of their orders. For this application, a(n) ___________ would work well.
extranet
Annual employee performance evaluations are a popular form of ______________.
feedback
A leader is someone who ___________.
has managerial authority and exercises influence over others
Rose knows the names of her employees' significant others and children and often asks about them. She makes sure all her employees have what they need to work safely and solicits their ideas about process improvements. According to the Ohio State study, we could say Rose is _________________.
high in consideration
The definition of a leader is someone who can __________ others and who has authority.
influence
For purposes of research, a key component of leadership is the ability to _________.
influence others
In determining whether to accept a special project, Oxana considered whether successful completion of the project would result in a reward. Oxana was considering the _________ of expectancy theory.
instrumentality
The most critical element of trust is _____________________.
integrity
One major criticism of Vroom and Jago's research findings is it _____________.
is so complicated they developed a computer program so leaders could use their model
Feedback is an important part of the communication process because __________.
it is the mechanism to check for understanding
The early research at Michigan and Ohio State ______________.
laid the foundation for later contingency theories
When jobs are unambiguous, _____________.
leadership becomes less important
Employee empowerment is an example of _______________.
leading by not leading
In his research, Fiedler used the ________________ questionnaire to determine an individual's basic leadership style.
least-preferred coworker
Viruses. Hackers. Subpoenas. Cyber bullying. Blogging about work. Each of these represents a special communication concern categorized as ____________.
legal and security issues
The early research into leader behaviors led to the conclusion that ______________.
looking for a set of traits or behaviors common to all leaders was insufficient
Considering that women now comprise nearly 50% of all workers, employers would be well advised to ____________ to maximize motivation among workers.
make sure men and women in identical positions are paid the same
In the balanced scorecard approach, ________________.
managers set goals and measure performance in multiple areas important to organizational success
Michael has been out of school for three years now and is being promoted for the fourth time. He has put in lots of time and energy to meet each of his goals on his career path. His friends refer to him as the over-achiever! Which of the following needs would best describe Michael?
nAch
Jason is excited to be starting his new job next month. He always felt his old company was not forthright with their decision making. It bothered him that he never understood how the CEO was using the company's finances to make hard decisions. At Jason's new company, though, the financial books are open to everyone in the organization. He is excited to see how his effort will make an impact on the books. The new company's approach to finance can best be described as which of the following?
open book management
Bobby is using the Situational Leadership theory to help him improve his leadership. Often he is looking at his follower's motivation and skill set. The theory would say Bobby is assessing which of the following?
readiness
Nance is an hourly employee who just discovered a similarly situated co-worker is earning considerably more per hour. According to equity theory, Nance is likely to _____________.
reduce his work effort to bring his inputs/outputs ratio more in line with his co-worker
One trend spawned by the rise in the use of electronic communication methods, particularly among younger workers is a(n) __________.
reduction in personal interaction
The major contribution of Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory is ___________.
satisfaction and dissatisfaction are two different scales
Selecting the proper activities to measure is critical because ___________.
some activities contribute more to the achievement of organizational goals than others
Personal observation is considered an inferior source of information because ____________.
the observer may miss something important
Many tangible items, such as the parts in an automobile, are designed with measurement tolerances, expressed as .025 ± .003, for example. These tolerances set the limits of _____________
the range of variation
Although research has not revealed a set of traits all leaders possess, we have discovered that ____________.
there is consistency in the traits underlying what leaders do
The one glaring flaw with the hierarchy of needs theory is _______________.
there is no empirical evidence to support it
Her supervisor mentioned to Frances that funds were available for professional development. At her next review one year later, Frances reported she had not attended any development events. The supervisor could not take any corrective action in this situation because ___________.
there was no plan to which to compare the results, in this case a lack of development activity
The self-efficacy of the goal-setting theory relates most closely to ___________
the effort-performance linkage of the expectancy theory
One potential criticism of the LMX theory is _______________.
time and resources tend to be more plentiful to members of the in-group so that out-group members are less likely to succeed
Trust has become more important in today's organizations because _____________.
trust in leadership leads to greater organizational success
During the announcement of the merger between Body Metal and Shimmer, the two CEOs neglected to mention that to avoid duplication, some positions would be eliminated and employees would lose their jobs. The combining of the two product lines into one would also require a reduction in force. Some would consider this omission to be ____________.
unethical communication
Companies feel vindicated in monitoring employees' use of company computers because _____________.
using computers for non-work activities slows down the system and can cause other employees to be less productive
Emphasizing words or phrases when speaking is known as ____________
verbal intonation
Which one of the following would more likely be the statement of a transactional leader?
"If you stay late today to finish the report, you can come in late tomorrow."
Which one of the following would satisfy the safety need?
John's supervisor tells him, "As long as your performance remains at this level, you'll have a job here."
Hudson has discovered several people in his department who are also passionately concerned about the opening of a competitor in their region. Each seems to have a different piece of information about this new competitor and when they will open. Hudson really believes this should be something that his colleagues and leaders pay attention to. In order to fully understand what the other passionate colleagues know about the new competitor, Hudson should pull together which of the following?
A community of practice
Individuals with a high need for ___________ tend to become the experts at their work.
Achievement
As the term is used in business, which one of the following is an example of control?
Amanda is reviewing the overnight quality report to check for variation in the measurements from the machining department.
Pam loves her job. She starts her day every morning deciding on what the day's priorities will be and how she can get them done. There are very few constraints that Pam has to deal with in her job. Which of the following job characteristics is most motivating to Pam?
Autonomy
Trust is defined as which of the following?
Belief in the leader's integrity, character, and ability
Marcus is really concerned that his team is falling behind in reaching their goals. Often when he is participating in a managers meeting, he will ask his counterparts how their teams are doing. This is one way that Marcus can do which of the following?
Benchmarking
In which one of the following situations does communication occur?
Bernice explains the operating instructions to Luann, who then demonstrates she can operate the equipment.
If Mark wanted to follow the accomplishments of his financial goals, he could easily compare his actual spending to which of the following?
Budget
How do followers judge a leader's credibility?
By observing and evaluating the leader's honesty, competence, and ability to inspire.
At Que's Heavenly Hamburgers they have just introduced milk shakes as a side item. They make each milk shake by hand and it is very labor intensive. Que likes to see how they are selling and has asked all the counter people to put a sticker on the "Milk Shake Board" any time they sell a milk shake. With the stickers on the "Milk Shake Board" Que can see how many shakes they are selling at any time. This is an example of which of the following?
Concurrent control
Jim is wondering whether his division's goals for the year are being accomplished. To determine to what degree goal completion is happening, Jim should use which of the following management functions?
Control
Cathy spends a lot of time each day on her work computerlong dash—an expected condition considering she works in accounting. However, an audit of her computer revealed she spends an average of five hours each day surfing the Web, shopping, and visiting with friends on social media sites. Cathy would be more productive if her motivation included more ____________.
Direction
In his office Chris had posted his top three sales goals for this quarter. Every day, he would come in and be reminded of his goals. Each morning he would compare his current performance with his goals and get to work! Chris is displaying what element of motivation?
Direction
Mike has a huge report to work on at home this evening. On the way out of the office, he grabs a pack of copier paper to take home for his personal printer. That evening after completing his report and printing out a couple copies for the office, he also prints out a few recipes and an online student assignment for his 9th grade daughter. It is likely that Mike is participating in which of the following?
Employee theft
Communication is a seven-step process. Which of the following is the first step a manager who wishes to communicate new ideas would do?
Encoding
Bart knew he needed to get started on his project if he was going to meet the deadline. He knew what had to be done. He knew once he began, he would likely be able to finish. It was the starting part he struggled with. The element of motivation Bart lacked was _____________.
Energy
Which of the following countries is more likely to use direct supervision and a centralized decision making system, rather than technology, to help control employee behavior?
Ethiopia
Annie is working in an organization where her paycheck reflects how many hours she has worked with each paying client. For her, this seems very fair and motivating. This type of pay-for-performance plan is associated with which of the following motivation theories?
Expectancy theory
Penny would like to be able to communicate her inventory needs with her vendor almost instantly. The best app for this opportunity would be which of the following?
Extranet
Theories in leadership evolved from trait and behavior to include contingency models. What was the first comprehensive contingency model?
Fiedler contingency model
The success of employee recognition programs can be linked to which one of these theories of motivation?
Herzberg's Motivation and Hygiene Theory