managment final
Women today earn about ____ cents to every dollar that men earn, even while performing the same or similar jobs.
80
Which act prohibits private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies, and labor unions from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities?
ADA 1990
Which of the following represent a model specifically designed as an abundance-based, bottom-up, positive approach?
AI Model
_____ entitles eligible employees to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave in a 12-month period for specified family and medical reasons.
FMLA 1993
As a manager of a diverse work group, which of the following general statements or principles would you use to guide you in attempting to be an effective leaders?
The effective practice of leadership necessitates a careful look at and understanding of the individual differences brought to the leader-follower relationship by the cross-cultural context.
When leaders assume that employees will change if they can be inspired to aim for greater degrees of excellence in their work, it represents which of these?
abundance based change
The ______ focuses on the benefit that a diverse workforce can bring to a business that wishes to operate within a diverse set of markets or with culturally diverse clients.
access-and legitimacy perspective
According to Nohria, Groysberg, and Lee, within an organization, the primary lever to address the drive to ____ is the reward system.
acquire
Which of the following was developed in 2001 as the dissatisfaction with performance management processes began to increase?
agile manifesto
People born between 1946 and 1964 are classified as which of these?
baby boomers
Within an organization, the primary lever to address the drive to _____ is culture, and the actions are to foster mutual reliance and friendships, to value collaboration and teamwork, and to encourage best practice sharing.
bond
Which of the following represents the framework a firm uses to organize its activities, developed by the firm's top managers and includes examples such as cost leadership and differentiation?
business level strategy
Which of these refers to differences between team members in characteristics such as expertise, experiences, and perspectives?
cognitive diversity
Which of the following best describe the ability to think about things differently and adapt one's perspective?
cognitive flexibility
Jay Patel is the HR manager at BNB Manufacturing. Jay wants to establish the pay-for-performance structure at BNB. In these efforts, Jay's boss tells him to include the design of a merit matrix that ties employee annual pay increases to performance as well as the design of a short-term bonus matrix and a long-term bonus pay-for-performance strategy. Jay should focus on which of the following step in the framework to address these issues?
communicate and train managers and employees on the pay for performance philosophy and process changes
Which change model argues that an organization is constantly developing and adapting to its environment, much like a living organism?
complex adaptive systems
Within an organization, the primary lever to address the drive to _____ is job design, and the actions are to design jobs that have distinct and important roles in the organization, as well as jobs that are meaningful and foster a sense of contribution.
comprehend
The approach to leadership which states group effectiveness is a result of the match between the leader's disposition toward others and the situation is the:
contingency approach
Which of the following represents the broadest level of strategy, and is concerned with decisions about growing, maintaining, or shrinking very large companies?
corporate strategy
Which of the following represents is one of the most difficult kinds of changes to create within an organizational system?
culture change
Which term includes traits that are nonobservable such as attitudes, values, and beliefs?
deep-level diversity
When BA Products managers assume that BA employees will change if they know they will otherwise face negative consequences, it refers to which of the following?
deficit-based change
The ______ is characterized by a commitment to equal opportunities in hiring and promotions, and does not directly link a work group's productivity or success with diversity.
discrimination and fairness perspective
______ refers to identity-based differences among and between two or more people that affect their lives as applicants, employees, and customers.
diversity
Access discrimination involves discrimination that manifests itself in ways that are not visible or readily identifiable, yet is serious because it can impact interpersonal interactions between employees, employees and customers, and other important workplace relationships.
false
Consideration and initiating structure are two major sets of leader behaviors identified in the behavioral approach to leadership.
false
Emergent approaches to change rely on mechanistic assumptions about the nature of an organization.
false
In Wave 2 of the evolution of HR, it looks outside their organizations to customers, investors, and communities to define success—in the form of customer share, investor confidence, and community reputation.
false
In deficit-based change, leaders assume that employees will change if they can be inspired to aim for greater degrees of excellence in their work.
false
In the appreciative mindset, leaders assume that most people are inclined to resist change and therefore they need to be managed in a way that encourages them to accept change.
false
Leaders are seen as motivating primarily through extrinsic processes while managers motivate primarily through intrinsic processes.
false
Leadership and management are interchangeable.
false
Low self-esteem individuals would tend to be more receptive to task forms of leadership in order to reduce ambiguity.
false
One downside of diverse teams, according to research, is that they enhance groupthink.
false
People surrender their power to define reality for themselves to individuals whom they believe are capable of punitive forms of punishment.
false
Performance management began as a simple tool used for employee development.
false
Possessing feminine qualities has tended to distract from the attractiveness of the individual as a leader.
false
Referent power is the power a person has because others believe that she or he has and is willing to share expert knowledge that they need.
false
Strategic objectives usually identify why a firm exists.
false
The evolution of HR work can be described terms of waves where wave 1 focused on the integration of HR strategy with the overall business strategy.
false
There does not appear to be any evidence supporting the observation that men emerge as leaders more frequently than women.
false
Which of the following describes an officially defined set of relationships, responsibilities, and connections that exist across an organization?
formal organization
XY Deliveries, a package delivery company, is organized as XY North, XY South, XY East, XY West, and XY Central divisions in the United States. Which of the following best describe the structure at XY Deliveries?
geographic structure
A ____ is something that a firm is trying to accomplish.
goal
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of diversity?
greater marketing expenditure
A dysfunction in decision-making that occurs in homogeneous groups as a result of group pressures and group members' desire for conformity and consensus is called ____.
groupthink
A ______ strategy involves developing plans to increase the size of the firm in terms of revenue, market share, or geographic reach.
growth
Jay Patel is the HR manager at BNB Manufacturing. Jay wants to establish the pay-for-performance structure at BNB. Jay's boss tells him that if any of BNB's current human resources and compensation policies conflict with pay for performance, they should be reviewed and changed. Jay should focus on which of the following step in the framework to address these issues?
identify any gaps that exist in the current processes
Which term describes a collective of individuals who share the same demographic characteristics such as race, sex, or age?
identity group
Which of these refers to small refinements in current organizational practices or routines that do not challenge, but rather build on or improve, existing aspects and practices within the organization?
incremental change
Which of the following represents the level of strategy concerned with the large-scale actions involved in entering a brand-new geographic market?
international strategy
Fielder's Contingency model states that situational factors are important when considering the relative importance of leader behaviors. He also stated that certain situational factors are more important than others. Which of the following order of situational factors is most accurate?
leader-member relations, task structure, position power
All of the following would be considered a substitute for leadership EXCEPT:
low position power
Which term is commonly used to refer to ways in which organizations seek to ensure that members of diverse groups are valued and treated fairly within organizations in all areas including hiring, compensation, performance evaluation, and customer service activities?
managing diversity
In 1981, _____ championed the forced-ranking system.
mayo
"M" in SMART Framework refers to which of these?
measurable
Which of the following is the final step of strategic management process?
measure and evaluate performance
Which of these takes the why of a vision statement and gives a broad description of how the firm will try to make its vision a reality?
mission statement
Which term describes a stereotype that portrays Asian men and women as obedient and successful and is often used to justify socioeconomic disparities between other racial minority groups?
national origin discrimination
_____ refers to the constant shifts that occur within an organizational system.
organizational change
Although HR is responsible for creating and facilitating the performance management processes, it is the ______ that need to strongly support the process and communicate the linkage of performance management to overall organizational goals and performance.
organizational managers
Which term describes a system for accomplishing and connecting the activities that occur within a work organization?
organizational structure
ABC Products is interested in understanding if new firms were coming into their market. ABC should use which of the following strategic analysis tools?
porters 5 forces
An essential ingredient for effective leadership is the exercise of:
power
A leader who operates from a base of power where others want to associate with or be accepted by him or her is called:
referent power
Jay Patel is the HR manager at BNB Manufacturing. Jay is interested in establishing the pay-for-performance structure at BNB. Which of the following should be the first step in establishing this framework Jay should focus on?
review the financial impacts of creating pay for performance changes
Jay Patel is the HR manager at BNB Manufacturing. Jay wants to establish the pay-for-performance structure at BNB. Jay's boss is interested in the following questions: How much differentiation of performance will we have? What is the cost of doing this pay-for-performance? Jay should focus on which of the following step in the framework to obtain these answers?
review the financial impacts of creating pay for performance changes
When followers' form of compliance is one of "how much am I getting," or "how much should I give," the base of power is probably:
reward power
______ suggests that people use categorization to simplify and cope with large amounts of information. These categories allow us to quickly and easily compartmentalize data, and people are often categorized by their visible characteristics, such as race, sex, and age.
social cognitive theory
"S" in SMART Framework refers to which of these?
specific
According to the BCG Matrix, business divisions that are in a high market share, high growth quadrant are called ______.
stars
Which term describes the set of activities that firm managers undertake in order to try to put their firms in the best possible position to compete successfully in the marketplace?
strategic management process
_____ is (are) the big-picture goals for the company.
strategic objectives
At _____ stage of the organizational life cycle, it becomes appropriate to introduce mechanistic structures that support the standardization and formalization required to create effective coordination across the organization.
survival and early success
Performance management can be tracked back to which of these?
the US militaries merit system
With respect to leadership, what statement best reflects the impact of a leader who is located apart from his or her subordinates?
the distance becomes a neutralizer of leader behavior
The question, "What are the distinguishing characteristics of effective leaders?" sparked what approach to the study of leadership?
trait approach to leadership
When organizations face a turbulent environment, intense competition, and the need to move fast, the most appropriate leadership would be:
transformational
Which of these refers to significant shifts in an organizational system that may cause significant disruption to some underlying aspect of the organization, its processes, or structures?
transformational change
_____ discrimination describes a situation in which people are employed but are treated differently while employed, mainly by receiving different and unequal job-related opportunities or rewards.
treatment
A plan includes decisions about when and how actions should be accomplished and what resources will be required to complete the actions.
true
According to the Path-Goal Theory of leadership, the motivational function of the leader consists of increasing personal payoffs to organizational members for work-goal attainment, clarifying the path to these payoffs, reducing road blocks and pitfalls, and increasing the opportunities for satisfaction enroute.
true
Culture change, among the most difficult kinds of changes to create within an organizational system, often involves reshaping and reimagining the core identity of the organization.
true
Higher-potential employees, no matter what the level, often display the following competencies: business acumen, strategic thinking, leadership skills, people skills, learning agility, and technology skills.
true
Kotter's change model aligns with mechanistic view of structure and thus it may be especially useful in organizations where there is a strong, hierarchical structure.
true
Managers commonly derive their power from the larger organization.
true
PESTEL, Porter's Five Forces, and Resources and Capabilities are three important strategic analysis tools managers can utilize in formulating the strategies.
true
Planned change is an intentional activity or set of intentional activities that are designed to create movement toward a specific goal or end.
true
Strategic planning and implementation is perhaps the most common type of organization-level change.
true
The BCG Matrix has recommendations for businesses in each quadrant—for example, a business in the dog quadrant should be sold or closed. Cash cows provide income to the corporation, and stars provide growth.
true
The identity-based differences include such things as race and ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and age.
true
The informal organization is emergent, meaning that it is formed through the common conversations and relationships that often naturally occur as people interact with one another in their day-to-day relationships.
true
Which of the following is the first step of strategic management process?
vision and mission statements
Which of these is an expression of what a business's founders want that business to accomplish?
vision statement
While a firm's _______ is a general statement about its values, a firm's ______ is more specific.
vision statement; mission statement
Which act protects workers, their families, and communities by requiring employers to provide notification 60 calendar days in advance of plant closings and mass layoffs?
warn act of 1988
According to the evolution of HR work, ______ focused on the design of innovative HR practice areas such as compensation, learning, communication, and sourcing.
wave 2
According to the evolution of HR work, the integration of HR strategy with the overall business strategy has been the focus of which of the following?
wave 3
According to experts, hiring discrimination against _____ has not declined over the past 25 years while workplace discrimination against other racial minority groups has declined.
women
______ occurs when an employee or an applicant is treated unfairly at work or in the job hiring process due to an identity group, condition, or personal characteristic.
workplace discrimination
