MANG 2790 FINAL

What is a buffer?

A neutral, noncontroversial statement that establishes common ground with the reader

Documenting the sources you use in your writing serves three important functions:

1. It properly and ethically credits the person who created the original material 2. It shows your audience that you have sufficient support for your message 3. It helps your readers explore your topic in more detail, if desired

5 Steps of the Research Process

1. Plan 2. Locate Data and Information 3. Process Data and Information 4. Apply Your Findings 5. Manage Information

Convinces readers of your point of view by demonstrating that everything adds up

2+2=4 Approach

Behavioral research has shown that visuals can improve learning by up to ___% because humans can process visuals ___ times faster than text

400%; 60,000

U.S. Government research indicates that only ___% of the adult population in the United States now has the literacy skills considered necessary for success in today's workplace

50%

What is diversity?

All the characteristics and experiences that define people as individuals

Offer both information and analysis and can also include recommendations

Analytical Reports

The AIDA Model organizes your messages into what four phases?

Attention Interest Desire Action

A line of communication created by people in an audience to connect with others inside or outside the room, with or without knowledge of the speaker

Backchannel

Messages using the indirect approach open with a?

Buffer

A comprehensive document that describes a company's mission, structure, objectives, and operations

Business Plan

A logical interpretation of the facts and other information in a report

Conclusion

What is secondary research?

Consulting research that was done previously for another purpose

Name the 8 cultural differences

Contextual Legal and Ethical Social Nonverbal Age Gender Religious Ability

The age, gender, occupation, income, education, and other quantifiable characteristics of the people you're trying to persuade

Demographics

A negative message using this approach opens with the bad news, proceeds to the reasons for the situation or the decision, and ends with a positive statement

Direct Approach

Most business reports use what approach?

Direct Approach

What approach is best for solicited proposals?

Direct Approach

ESSAY QUESTION: How do you know if you have a good source?

Does the source have a reputation for honesty and reliability? Is the source unbiased? Is the author credible? Are the claims supported with evidence?

Calls on audience feelings and sympathies rather than on facts, figures, and rational arguments

Emotional Appeal

A fully developed "mini" version of the report, for readers who lack the time or motivation to read the entire document

Executive Summary

5 Goals of Negative Messages

Give the bad news Ensure acceptance of the bad news Maintain the reader's goodwill Maintain the organization's good image Minimize or eliminate future correspondence on the matter

A negative message using this approach opens with the reasons behind the bad news before presenting the bad news itself

Indirect Approach

Because the nature of persuasion is to convince people to change their attitudes, beliefs, or actions, most persuasive messages use what approach?

Indirect Approach

The AIDA Model is tailor-made for using what approach?

Indirect Approach

What approach is best for unsolicited proposals?

Indirect Approach

Offer data, facts, feedback, and other types of information, without analysis or recommendations

Informational Reports

What are the three kinds of reports?

Informational Reports Analytical Reports Proposals

Reports have three main sections:

Introduction (Opening) Body Close

What is one things that libraries have that other places you find information don't?

Librarians

Calls on reasoning and evidence

Logical Appeal

The combination of forces that drive people to satisfy their needs

Motivation

What is primary research?

New research done specifically for the current project

In interviews, these questions are asked to solicit opinions, insights, and information (journalistic approach)

Open-Ended Questions

You can often maximize the impact of secondary material in your own writing by ___ it

Paraphrasing

What are the OVERALL 3 parts of reports?

Prefatory Text Supplementary

A special category of reports that combine information delivery and persuasive communication

Proposals

___ a source means you reproduce the material exactly as you found it, while giving full credit to the source

Quoting

Whereas a conclusion interprets information, a ___ suggests what to do about the information

Recommendation

A survey is ___ if it produces identical results when repeated

Reliable

Written accounts that objectively communicate information about some aspect of a business

Reports

When organizations require complex products, services, or systems, they often prepare a formal invitation to bid on the contract, called a ___, which includes instructions that specify exactly the type of work to be performed or products to be delivered, along with budgets, deadlines, and other requirements.

Request for Proposals (RFP)

An unbiased condensation of the information uncovered in your research

Research Summary

___ focus on the product; ___ focus on the user

Selling points; benefits

What word has the longest definition in the dictionary?

Set

Generally prepared at the request of external parties that require a product or service, but they may also be requested by such internal sources as management or the board of directors

Solicited Proposals

___ must be done exactly as stated in the RFP

Solicited Proposals

To plan effectively, address the problem or opportunity with a clear ___ that defines why you are preparing the report

Statement of Purpose

11 Ways to Overcome Anxiety

Stop worrying about being perfect Know your subject Practice, practice, practice Visualize success Remember to breathe Be comfortable with your open line Be comfortable Take a three second break Concentrate on your message and audience Maintain eye contact with friendly audience members Keep going

What are 3 differences between structured and free-form slides?

Structured slides are easy to create, while free-form slides require more time and creativity Free-form slides have far less text on screen than structured slides, which makes the speaker responsible for conveying more of the content Free-form slides limit the amount of information delivered at any one time to prevent cognitive overload, while structured slides have heavy-text slides that could cause a mind-numbing effect

___ is similar to paraphrasing but presents the gist of the material in fewer words than the original

Summarizing

Sometimes called an abstract; a brief overview (one page or less) of a report's most important points

Synopsis

What is visual literacy?

The ability to create and interpret visuals successfully

What is persuasion?

The attempt to change an audience's attitudes, beliefs, or actions

What is nonverbal communication?

The interpersonal process of sending and receiving information, both intentionally and unintentionally, without using written or spoken language

What is business communication?

The process of transferring information and meaning between senders and receivers

What is included in the prefatory part of a report or proposal?

Title Page

Created by organizations attempting to obtain business or funding without a specific invitation from a potential client

Unsolicited Proposals

A survey is ___ if it measures what it's intended to measure

Valid

What is included in the supplementary part of a proposal?

Works Cited Index Glossary

Compares a solution or several solutions to a set of predetermined standards; useful when you need to use a number of criteria to evaluate one or more possible solutions

Yardstick Approach

The AIDA is a unidirectional message that essentially talks ___ audiences, not ___ audiences

at; with