MAR3613 exam 2 - chp 6

What are the advantages of Internet surveys? (Check all that apply.) A) Consumers can participate in surveys when they are close to moments of decision making. B) Survey results for statistical analysis are ready almost immediately. C) Interviewers can build a rapport with respondents and increase their willingness to answer survey questions. D) Graphic improvements to survey design can make tasks more engaging and more realistic for respondents.

B) Survey results for statistical analysis are ready almost immediately. D) Graphic improvements to survey design can make tasks more engaging and more realistic for respondents.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of mail surveys as a method of data collection? A) They do not acquire data that is taken from a representative sample of the target population. B) Respondents who misunderstand questions tend to record responses that were not expected by the researchers. C) Respondents are more likely to give socially acceptable answers because they do not answer anonymously. D) They are more expensive than drop-off surveys.

B) Respondents who misunderstand questions tend to record responses that were not expected by the researchers.

A nonprobability sampling method, also called referral sampling, in which a set of respondents is chosen, and they help the researcher identify additional people to be included in the study. Include bias (social circles), cannot be generalized A) Quota sampling B) Snowball sampling C) Convenience sampling D) Judgement Sampling

B) Snowball sampling/ referral sampling

Separation of the target population into different groups and the selection of samples from each stratum. Common for geo(household income, pop density, location, etc) A) Systematic random sampling (SYMRS) B) Stratified random sampling C) Proportionately stratified sampling D) Disproportionately stratified sampling

B) Stratified random sampling

A drawback of mobile phone surveys is that _____. A) participant responses are influenced by the body language of the interviewers B) the nonresponse rates for mobile phone surveys are higher than any other survey method C) the capacity of mobile phones to handle graphics is somewhat limited D) separate editing and data entry tasks are required

C) the capacity of mobile phones to handle graphics is somewhat limited due to limited capacity and screen space -not good for long/complex Q/A -small samples

Which of the following is considered as Non-Probability sampling? (select all that applies) A) Convenience sampling B) Judgement sampling C) Quota sampling D) Snowball sampling

all

Which of the following are true of systematic sampling? A) Cheap and fast B) Create bias due to a hidden pattern C) both

both

A nonprobability sampling method in which samples are drawn at the convenience of the researcher at places such as malls or other high-traffic places. However, it may not be representative of the population and nonresponse error might occur. A) Cluster sampling B) Stratified random sampling C) Convenience sampling D) Judgement Sampling

c) Convenience sampling -not generalized -nonresponse error so sampling error estimates cannot be calculated

T/F: Multisource sampling is used when a single source generates a large or low incidence sample.

false, it's being used when no single source can generate a large or low incidence sample

T/F: In any sampling plan, the first task of a researcher is to choose a method of data collection.

false, the 1st task is to determine the group of people/objects that should be investigated

T/F: A population is an identifiable group of elements of interest to a researcher and pertinent to the information problem.

true

T/F: In general, the more extensive a study, the greater the potential for nonsampling error

true

T/F: Unlike sampling error, there are no statistical procedures to assess the impact of nonsampling errors on the quality of the data collected

true

T/F: When executed properly, systematic random sampling creates a sample of objects or prospective respondents that is very similar in quality to a sample drawn using simple random sampling.

true

T/F: research design accurately identifies causal relationships is called internal validity

true

T/F: Nonsampling errors usually are related to the accuracy of the data, while sampling errors related to the representativeness of the sample to the defined target population

true -Nonsampling Accuracy -Sampling Representativeness

T/F: In cluster sampling, each cluster is assumed to be representative of the heterogeneity of a target population.

true Cluster sampling - A probability sampling method in which the sampling units are divided into mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subpopulations, called clusters.

T/F: Customer lists from credit card companies are a common source of sampling frames.

true sampling frames: -registered voters -customer lists from magazine publishers/credit card companies

T/F: Referral sampling/snowball sampling involves identifying a set of respondents who can help a researcher identify additional people to include in a study.

true, it's common in case where the -pop is small and unique/hard to reach -compiling a list is difficult x bias

T/F: Nonsampling errors reduce the overall quality of the data regardless of the data collection method.

true, It's a bias that occurs in a research study regardless of whether a sample or census is used.

T/F: Sample size formulas cannot be used for non-probability samples

true, it is subjective and intuitive judgement

This is an example for what? Customers who patronize a store on a given day, the audience for a movie show at a particular time, the invoices processed during a specific week A) Cluster sampling B) Stratified random sampling C) Convenience sampling D) Judgement Sampling

A) Cluster sampling

A probability sampling method in which the sampling units are divided into mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subpopulations which are representative of the target population A) Cluster sampling B) Stratified random sampling C) Survey research methods

A) Cluster sampling +affordable +easy to use (geo, telephones, residential dwellings are easily compiled) -homogeneous, not as precise -need to be cautious in selecting the factor as subdivision of sampling units can be modified

Identify the advantages of self-administered surveys. (Check all that apply.) A) Low cost per survey B) High levels of data flexibility C) Fast data acquisition D) Respondent control

A) Low cost per survey D) Respondent control

Each sampling unit in the defined target population has a known probability of being selected for the sample. A) Probability sampling B) Nonprobability sampling C) Simple random sampling (SRS)

A) Probability sampling - Each sampling unit in the defined target population has a known probability of being selected for the sample. -unbiased -proper representation -judge reliability

A nonprobability sampling method in which participants are selected according to prespecified quotas regarding demographics, attitudes, behaviors, or some other criteria. The purpose is to assure that prespecified subgroups of the pop are represented A) Quota sampling B) Snowball sampling C) Convenience sampling D) Judgement Sampling

A) Quota sampling

Research panels such as Survey Monkey and social media are most often considered as __ A) Quota sampling B) Snowball sampling C) Convenience sampling D) Judgement Sampling

A) Quota sampling

Which of the following are true of the task characteristics that researchers should consider when selecting a survey method? (Check all that apply.) A) Respondents need to be exposed to some kind of stimulus to elicit a response. B) The researchers should attempt to make it as easy as possible for respondents to answer questions. C) Personal interaction between trained interviewers and respondents should be minimal if a large amount of information is required. D) Less-desirable behaviors are likely to be overreported during personal interviews. E) Respondent fatigue increases and response rates lower when large amounts of data are collected.

A) Respondents need to be exposed to some kind of stimulus to elicit a response. B) The researchers should attempt to make it as easy as possible for respondents to answer questions. E) Respondent fatigue increases and response rates lower when large amounts of data are collected.

One major drawback of mail surveys is that _____. A) the participant's responses to questions can be recorded incorrectly B) the overall cost of this method of data collection is higher than every other survey method C) a nonresponse bias can be created because of response rates being lower than those for face-to-face or telephone interviews

C) a nonresponse bias can be created because of response rates being lower than those for face-to-face or telephone interviews

Which of the following are advantages of quantitative survey research methods? (Check all that apply.) A) Results can be generalized to the target population as this method accommodates large sample sizes. B) It enables the study of relationships and concepts that are not directly measurable. C) Questions that accurately measure respondent attitudes and behavior are easy to develop using this method. D) It helps obtain respondent data that are in-depth in nature.

A) Results can be generalized to the target population as this method accommodates large sample sizes. B) It enables the study of relationships and concepts that are not directly measurable.

Similar to simple random sampling but the defined target population is ordered in some way, usually in the form of a customer list, taxpayer roll, or membership roster, and selected systematically. A) Systematic random sampling (SYMRS) B) Stratified random sampling C) Proportionately stratified sampling D) Disproportionately stratified sampling

A) Systematic random sampling (SYMRS) -Easy to use -popular x have a hidden pattern x need to know the size of the population

Identify the advantages of using online surveys to collect data. (Check all that apply.) A) The costs of copying surveys, buying postage, or hiring interviewers are eliminated. B) The samples garnered through these surveys are representative of the target population. C) The expense per respondent is low when compared to other survey methods. D) The survey allows participants to skip questions that are complex.

A) The costs of copying surveys, buying postage, or hiring interviewers are eliminated. C) The expense per respondent is low when compared to other survey methods.

Which of the following are true of nonsampling errors that occur in survey research? (Check all that apply.) A) They can lead to other nonsampling errors. B) They are caused by faulty sampling methods. C) Unlike random sampling error, they can be statistically measured. D) Unlike random sampling error, they cannot be directly measured.

A) They can lead to other nonsampling errors. D) Unlike random sampling error, they cannot be directly measured.

Which of the following are true of Internet surveys? (Check all that apply.) A) The effects of question order on responses can be removed by randomizing the order of questions within a group. B) Missing data can be reduced substantially as respondents are prompted to answer a question before they can move to the next screen. C) Internet samples are often representative of the target population, and nonresponse bias tends to be low. D) The survey results derived from Internet surveys do not need to be tabulated. E) Not representative and has a high nonresponse bias

A,B,E A) The effects of question order on responses can be removed by randomizing the order of questions within a group. B) Missing data can be reduced substantially as respondents are prompted to answer a question before they can move to the next screen. E) Not representative and has a high nonresponse bias -Hard to reach samples -large panels of respondents

Identify the characteristics of nonsampling errors (Check all that apply.) A) They have a tendency to create "systematic variation" or bias in the data. B) They cannot be controlled or prevented. C) It's the result from some human error in either the design or the execution of a survey. D) They occur because of the difference between the findings based on the sample and the true values for a population. E) They cannot be directly measured and one can create another nonsampling error

A,C,E A) They have a tendency to create "systematic variation" or bias in the data. -they're controllable C) It's the result from some human error(design, execution) E) They cannot be directly measured and one can create another nonsampling error

Which of the following is considered as Probability sampling? (select all that applies) A) Simple random sampling B) Systematic random sampling C) Stratified random sampling D) Cluster sampling

ALL

A nonprobability sampling method in which participants are selected according to an experienced individual's belief that they will meet the requirements of the study. A) Cluster sampling B) Stratified random sampling C) Convenience sampling D) Judgement Sampling

D) Judgement Sampling/purposive sampling

Identify the disadvantages of quantitative survey research designs. (Check all that apply.) A) Advanced statistical analysis is impeded. B) Low response rates can be a challenge. C) Estimates that are produced fail to identify small differences. D) In-depth data is difficult to obtain.

B) Low response rates can be a challenge. D) In-depth data is difficult to obtain.

The probability of selection of each sampling unit is unknown. The selection of the sampling units is based on the judgment of the researcher and may or may not be representative of the target population. A) Probability sampling B) Nonprobability sampling C) Simple random sampling (SRS) D) Judgement sampling

B) Nonprobability sampling - the probability of selection of each sampling unit is unknown -not representative -based on researcher's judgement

A sampling method in which each stratum is dependent on its size relative to the population. A) Systematic random sampling (SYMRS) B) Stratified random sampling C) Proportionately stratified sampling D) Disproportionately stratified sampling

C) Proportionately stratified sampling *proportionate = size dependent

A probability sampling procedure in which every sampling unit has a known and equal chance of being selected. A) Probability sampling B) Nonprobability sampling C) Simple random sampling (SRS)

C) Simple random sampling (SRS) - A probability sampling procedure in which every sampling unit has a known and equal chance of being selected

Research procedures for collecting large amounts of data using question-and answer formats. A) Cluster sampling B) Stratified random sampling C) Survey research methods

C) Survey research methods - descriptive research design often result in the use of this to collect quantitative data from a large sample via Q/A process

A sampling method in which the size of each stratum is independent of its relative size in the population. A) Systematic random sampling (SYMRS) B) Stratified random sampling C) Proportionately stratified sampling D) Disproportionately stratified sampling

D) Disproportionately stratified sampling *Disproportionate = size independent

Which of the following is an advantage of the telephone survey method? A) It facilitates the collection of in-depth data through lengthy interviews. B) It enables interviewers to tabulate results in real time at any point in the study. C) It helps build a rapport with respondents and increase their willingness to answer the questions. D) It allows supervisors to closely monitor interviewers if they work out of a central location.

D) It allows supervisors to closely monitor interviewers if they work out of a central location.

This is an example of what? sales representatives are chosen to be interviewed rather than customers to determine whether customer's wants and needs are changing or to assess the firm's products/service performance A) Cluster sampling B) Stratified random sampling C) Convenience sampling D) Judgement Sampling

D) Judgement Sampling

When a group of marketing researchers wanted to test the effectiveness of an advertising campaign their company had run last year, they recruited fifty people who watched television for at least an hour every day. They asked the participants a series of open-ended questions regarding the campaign. Which form of data collection technique is used by the researchers in the above scenario? A) Content analysis methods B) Test marketing methods C) Field experiment methods D) Survey research methods

D) Survey research methods (Research procedures for collecting large amounts of data using question-and-answer formats)

Nonresponse error occurs when a sufficient number of the preselected prospective respondents in the sample _____. A) refuse to respond accurately to the questions asked B) fail to respond to some survey questions C) fail to give answers that can be statistically measured D) refrain from participating or are unreachable

D) refrain from participating or are unreachable

Internal validity exists when _____. A) experiments are conducted in artificial settings, in which variables can be controlled B) the results of the experiment can be generalized to the target population C) alternative explanations for the conclusions about hypotheses exist D) the competing explanations for the conclusions about a hypothesized relationship can be ruled out

D) the competing explanations for the conclusions about a hypothesized relationship can be ruled out

Which of the following is false about Quota sampling? A) Contains specific subgroups in the proportions desired by researchers B) Reduces selection bias C) The success of the study is dependent on subjective decisions made by researchers D) Representativeness of the sample cannot be measured E) Sample respondents can be generalized

E) Sample respondents can be generalized reasoning: they cannot be generalized bc they're a nonprob sampling method

Put these in order: Steps in developing a sampling plan A) Population B) Method C) Collection Method (personal, phone) D) Frame E) Execute (remember to maintain consistency) Size F) Operating plan (how to reach the respondents, instructions for them)

Please Care For MOE

Which of the following are TRUE about Simple random sampling? (select all that applies) A) easy to understand B) can be generalized and are unbiased C) can easily obtain an accurate listing of the target population elements D) best used for large populations E) need to put a special code prior to drawing the sample

Simple random sampling - every sampling unit has a known and equal chance of being selected. A) easy to understand B) can be generalized and are unbiased E) need to put a special code prior to drawing the sample Disadvantages: C) CANNOT easily obtain an accurate listing of the target population elements D) best used for SMALL populations

T/F: Although Cluster samplings are affordable and easy to use, the data are homogeneous causing the data to not be as precise, and researchers need to be cautious in selecting the factors as subdivision of sampling units can be modified

TRUE

T/F: Simple random sampling is easy to utilize, it can also be generalized as there are equal chances of selection, causing the data to become unbiased. However, it is difficult to obtain a complete and accurate listing of the target population elements therefore, it is best for small populations where accurate lists are available

TRUE

T/F: The larger the number of relevant strata, the more precise the results

TRUE

T/F: Sampling error cannot be reduced by increasing the size of the sample

false, by increasing the sample size, it's more accurate

Which of the following are true about Strata random sampling (select all that apply) A) Opportunity to study and compare each stratum w/ the assurance of a representative sample B) Ability to make estimates for the target population w/ greater precision & less errorless C) Determining the basis for stratifying is difficult D) Secondary info relevant to the required factors might not be readily available

stratified random sampling - separate the target pop into diff groups called strata and then the selection of samples from each strata ALL