Marine Biology: invertebrates
Classification of Cnidarians
1. Scyphozoa: True jellyfish 2. Anthozoa Corals, sea anemones, sea fans, sea whips, sea pansy Colony of polyps (lacks medusa stage) 3. Hydrozoa Bushy polyp colonies Siphonophores- man-o- war Polyps have diff functions 4. Cubozoa: box jelloes
How sets of chromosomes do animals have?
2 they are diploid organisms
What do all animal life cycles include?
A period of embryonic development
What kind of respiration do animals go through?
Aerobic respiration (require oxygen)
Explain the sponges movement
All sponges are sessile (they dont move)
Phylum; Nematoda
Bilateral symmetry Complete digestive system Can be harmful to humans if latval stage is found in under cooked fish consumed by someone
Phylum: Ctenophores: comb jellies
Comb jellies 8 rows of cilia No nematocysts Long, sticky tentacles Planktonic Statocysts: a balancing orgam Some are bioluminescent Hermaphrodite Bi-radial symmetey
Phylum: Platyhelminthes (flatworms!
Consists of turbellarias, Flukes, tapeworms Well developed reproductive system First brain: clusters of nervous tissue in head Three distinct tissue layers Bilateral symmetry
Phylum: sipuncula - sipunculansa (Peanut worms)
Deposit feeders Unsegmented Retractable bodies Burrow into soft sediment Some live in coral
What is radial symmetry?
Equal parts radiate around a central point
Asymmetry
Having no symmetry (sponges)
Are animals heterotrophic or autotrophic?
Heterotrophic: they eat food
What are Ostia?
In sponges, tiny pores to allow water to pass through
Polychaetes (phylum Annelida)
Largest group of annelids Freshwater and brackish water Distinct head Calcareous tubes or sticky tubes Some are carniverous Planktonic larval stage called a trochophore
Are animals multivellular or unicellular?
Multicellular
Pogonophores (bearded worms) (Phylum annelida)
No digestive system Tentacles to absorb nutriemts In hydrothermal vents
Phylum: Echiurans
Non retractable Deposit feeder Some burrow in soft bottoms (some live on coral)
Bilateral symmetry
Organism canbe divided into right and left halves that are more or less equal
Phylum: Annelida (little rings)- Segmented worms
Polychaetes Leeches (parasites) Pogonophores (bearded worms) Palolo worms Live in Salt water, fresh water, or moist land Well developed neevous system with brain Closed circulatory system Bilateral symmetry Setae (bristles) in most (except leeches): they extend from the sides of eacj segment to help worm stay in place
Phylum: Nemertea (Ribbon worms)
Preferred shallow coastal waters Complete digestive system with mouth and anus Circulatory system is more complex Proboscis used to entangle prey Eat other invertebrates
Phylum: Cnidarians (stinging animals)
Radial symmetry Two body forms: polyp ans medusa Polyp is the juvenile form-sessile- mouth and tentacles positioned upwards Medusa is the dominant form-free floating-mouth and tentacles positioned downwards Two tissue layers: epidermis and gastrodermis Epidermis covers body surface Gastrodermis lines internal body cavity-specialized for digestion Cnidocytes (stinging cells) with nematocyst capsules Digestive system is incomplete Nervous system includes the nerve net Polyps go through asexual reproduction (Budding) The medusa go through sexual rep Classes include: scyphozoa, anthozoa, hydrozoa, and cubozoa
Phylum: Porifera Sponges
Sessile (dont move) Ostia (pores) to allow water to pass through Filter feeders- suspension feeding Spicules are support system ( made out of silica or calcium carbonate) Spongin is support system (protein) Asymmetric Can regenerate Choanocytes (collar cells: line canals of body: do the filtering and traps food Whipping Flagella on choanocytes that causing a water current Both sexual and asexual reproduction Most are hermaphroditic
Palolo Worms (Phylum annelida)
Spawning for reproduction (body detaches from Reproductive part)
What type of organisms are in the phylum: Porifera
Sponges
Types of flatworms in the phylum Platyhelminthes
Turbellarians; Free living Carnivores Eye spots Flukes: All parasitic Amazing reproductive abilities Larval stages maybe posted in shellfish or fish Vertebrates on the host of the adult fluke Have suckers to attach to inside of blood vessels Tapeworms: Parasitic Have suckers to attach to host's intestines Body is made out of segments No digestive system
