MASS COMM EXAM 1

Oligopoly

A market structure in which a few large firms dominate a market

medium

a method or way of expressing something

day-and-date release

a simultaneous release date for a movie in different medias

what is the cultural definition of communication?

a symbolic process where reality is produced, maintained, repaired, and transformed

linotype machine

a typewriter-like keyboard allowing printers to set type mechanically rather than manually

multiple points of access

ability of a literate media consumer to access or approach media content from a variety of personally satisfying directions

Really Simple Syndication (RSS)

aggregators allowing Web users to create their own content assembled from the Internet's limitless supply of material

offset lithography

allowed books to be printed from photographic plates rather than from metal casts, greatly reducing the cost of color and illustrations and accelerating book production

how has fragmentation led to convergence?

audiences of platform agnostic

tie in novels

books based on popular tv shows and movies

electronic sell-through (EST)

buying of digital download movies

how has the internet changed the mass communication process?

feedback is more direct messages are more flexible less risk and more room for experimentation

how are DVD sales?

fell 14% from 2016-2017

how are CD sales?

fell 9% from 2016-2017

taste publics

groups of people bound by little more than an interest in a given form of media content

what was the influence of dime novels?

help turn books into a mass media

what industry rose out of printing houses first?

newspapers

Globalization in mass media

ownership of media companies by multinational corporations

community information district

special service district paid for by taxes or annual fees assessed in a geographic area to support local journalism

addressable technologies

technologies permitting the transmission of very specific content to equally specific audience members

location-based mobile advertising

technology allowing marketers to send targeted ads to people where they are in the moment

zonecasting

technology allowing radio stations to deliver different commercials to specific neighborhoods

technological determinism

the idea that machines and their development drive economic and cultural change

what problems do many americans have with media?

they don't trust it and advertising has become intrusive

how is culture primarily debated?

through mass communication

what are the questions that can be asked to define communication?

who says what through which channel to whom with what effect

Which of the following statements regarding the differences between the Osgood-Schramm mass communication model and the interpersonal communication model are correct? Multiple select question. 1. Interpersonal communication involves a message, whereas mass communication involves "many identical messages." 2. In contrast to just a few receivers in interpersonal communication, mass communication involves many receivers. 3. The concepts of interpreters, decoding, and encoding do not apply to the mass communication model. 4. The mass communication model specifies feedback, whereas in interpersonal communication there is no clearly defined instance of feedback.

1. 2. 4.

Which of the following are examples of mixing genre conventions? (Multiple answers) 1. a film that employs fictional elements while presenting itself as a documentary 2. a TV show that's really one long commercial for its sponsor 3. a show that focuses on celebrity gossip presenting itself as a serious news program 4. a character in a movie pretending to be someone he is not

1. a film that employs fictional elements while presenting itself as a documentary 2. a TV show that's really one long commercial for its sponsor 3. a show that focuses on celebrity gossip presenting itself as a serious news program

Which of the following statements are true about a television network's products and customers? (mult. answers) 1. The television network sells its programs as a product to its audience. 2. The television network sells its programs as a product to advertisers. 3. The television network sells its advertising as a product to its audience 4. The television network sells its audience as a product to advertisers.

1. and 4.

According to New York University law professor Burt Neuborne, conglomeration has led to sensationalism in the press for which of the following reasons? Multiple select question. 1. Companies are hiring unqualified journalists. 2. The press is now subject to a market psychology. 3. The increase in company size has led to a shortage of journalists. 4. The press is no longer controlled by persons feeling a zealous responsibility to the First Amendment.

2. 4.

If we lack the element of media literacy referred to as "strategies for analyzing and discussing media messages," then... (mult. answers) 1. our decision-making ability is enhanced. 2. the meaning of the messages is made for us by the creator. 3. the power to interpret media content rests solely with its creator, and not with us. 4. the power to interpret media content rests solely with us, instead of with its creator.

2. and 3.

Groups of demographically targeted people who share an interest in a specific form of media content are called 1. zonecasters. 2. oligopolies. 3. taste publics. 4. niche markets.

3.

To what does the term "day-and-date release" refer? 1. scheduling a movie release so that it does not coincide with the release of another major movie 2. withholding the release date of a movie in order to build suspense and interest in the movie 3. releasing a movie in a combination of theater, DVD, download, or video-on-demand simultaneously 4. releasing a film on a specific holiday so couples are encouraged to see it as a date.

3.

When Dan Rather stated that "The larger the entities that own and control the news operations, the more distant they become," he was alluding to the idea that 1. large media companies are unable to report on local news stories. 2. ownership concentration and conglomeration are contributing to an increasingly fragmented and internationalized audience. 3. conglomeration has made news outlets more responsible to the profit motive than to news reporting. 4. larger conglomerates are able to spread news coverage far more widely than the independent news outlet.

3.

Which of the following are factors that led to the flowering of the American novel in the 19th century? (multiple answers) 1. the invention of typewriters and hardcover books 2. the Women's Suffragist Movement and the Civil Rights Movement 3. widespread literacy and lower-cost publications 4. improved printing technologies and the founding of major U.S. book publishers

3. and 4.

By the mid-1700s, printing and libraries of information were among the engines driving the ______ Revolution. 1. Scientific 2. Protestant 3. industrial 4. communist

3. industrial

How do addressable technologies affect audience unity? 1. They unify audiences in specific geographic regions. 2. They discourage audiences from using new technologies. 3. They bring larger segments of the population together. 4. They make audiences increasingly fragmented.

4.

Which of the following explains why the media literacy skill of having a knowledge of genre conventions and the ability to recognize when they are being mixed is important? 1. Differentiating between categories helps us decide which programs to watch. 2. Knowing the genre conventions means we do not have to have heightened expectations of media content. 3. Knowing the genre conventions instructs us on how to maximize our enjoyment. 4. Knowledge of genre conventions direct our meaning making.

4.