Mastering A&P Ch 5 HW

Why are lines of cleavage clinically significant?

A cut parallel to a cleavage line will remain closed.

What are the primary tissues comprising the hypodermis?

Areolar and adipose

Which of the following is an orange-yellow pigment that is found in certain food items, such as carrots and squash?

Carotene

What are the two basic factors that interact to produce skin color?

Circulatory supply and pigment concentration

The reticular layer of the dermis is composed of what kind of tissue?

Dense irregular connective tissue

What are the two layers of the cutaneous membrane (skin)?

Dermis and epidermis

What is the subcutaneous layer that separates the integument from the deep fascia around other organs?

Hypodermis

What is the water-resistant, fibrous protein that fills the cells of the outer layers of the epidermis and helps slow dehydration?

Keratin

Which type of cell is the most abundant epithelial cell in the body and dominates the cellular composition of the epidermis?

Keratinocyte

Which of the following does the integument not synthesize or produce?

Lipids

Which of the following is a dark brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment produced by pigment cells in the stratum basale?

Melanin

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Papillary and reticular layers

The integumentary system has a protective function. From which of the following does the skin not protect us?

Pressure and pain stimuli

In which layers of the epidermis do mitotic divisions occur?

Stratum basale and stratum spinosum

In thick skin, what is the thickest (most cell layers) stratum of the epidermis?

Stratum corneum

What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?

Stratum corneum

Which epidermal stratum is the most superficial and is composed of 15-30 layers of dead, keratinized cells that eventually are shed from its surface?

Stratum corneum

Which epidermal layer is found only in thick skin?

Stratum lucidum

The adipose tissue in the hypodermis performs a variety of functions. Which function does the adipose tissue not perform?

Strengthening the hypodermis

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the skin?

Synthesis of B vitamins

Why are malignant melanomas extremely dangerous and life-threatening?

The melanocytes grow rapidly and metastasize through the lymphatic system.

The hypodermis is useful for subcutaneous injection by hypodermic needle because it has __________.

a limited number of capillaries and no vital organs

The term that refers to a bluish coloration of the skin is ___________.

cyanosis

Which of the following layers is composed of adipose and areolar tissues and is the site where subcutaneous injections are given?

hypodermis

An important function of the hypodermis is to __________.

stabilize the position of the skin in relation to underlying tissues

What is the correct order of strata from the basement membrane to the free surface of the epidermis?

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Differences in skin color among individuals are the result of __________.

the different levels of melanin synthesis

Sensible perspiration released by the eccrine sweat glands serves __________.

to cool the surface of the skin, to reduce body temperature, and to dilute harmful chemicals