Mastering A&P: Heart
Each cardiac contraction follows a precise sequence. At time=0, atrial activation begins when the AV node depolarizes (T/F)
False
The moderator band is located in the ________ and connects to the ________
Right ventricle; anterior papillary muscle
Which of the following is TRUE of the coronary arteries?
They originate at the base of the ascending aorta and are the first branches off this vessel.
Arteries transport blood away from the heart (T/F)
True
As the pulmonary trunk curves over the superior border of the heart, it gives rise to the left and right pulmonary arteries (T/F)
True
Blood exiting the left ventricle must pass through the ________ valve.
aortic
The ascending aorta begins at (the) ________.
aortic valve
The diaphragm is attached to the inferior, pointed tip of the heart, called the ________, which points laterally.
apex
The most inferior point of the left ventricle can be found at the __________ of the heart.
apex
In the pulmonary circuit, __________.
arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
The left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circuit through the ________.
ascending aorta
mitral valve
atrioventricular valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle
When not filled with blood the anterior portion of each atrium deflates and becomes a rather lumpy and wrinkled flap called the________.
auricle
The broad, superior portion of the heart is the ________.
base
The sinoatrial node, or cardiac pacemaker, is ________.
embedded in the posterior wall of the right atrium, near the entrance of the superior vena cava
Which is the layer that lines the internal surface of the heart wall?
endocardium
The visceral pericardium is also called the ________.
epicardium
The sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes __________.
establish cycles of contraction and relaxation for the myocardium
From which structure does the right atrium NOT receive blood?
fossa ovalis
Which structures are responsible for creating a direct electrical connection between cardiac muscle cells?
gap junctions
In comparison, the right atrium and ventricle __________.
generate less pressure for contraction than the left atrium and ventricle
The right ventricle ________.
has thinner muscular walls than does the left ventricle
Cardiac muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle fibers in that the cardiac muscle cells are uniquely interconnected by (the) ________.
intercalated discs
Structures in the heart that carry electrical signals from the SA node to the AV node are called ________.
internodal pathways
When an impulse is generated in the SA node, it must travel along which conducting structure to get to the AV node?
internodal pathways
Which of the following is a function of the cardiac skeleton of the heart?
isolates atrial and ventricular muscle cells
Which of the following is a feature that is unique to the left atrium?
left atrioventriciular (mitral) valve
Damage to the mitral valve would allow the flow of blood into the __________.
left atrium
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart from the lungs and enters the __________.
left atrium
Pulmonary veins enter which chamber of the heart?
left atrium
Which chamber of the heart can generate the greatest pressure?
left ventricle
The primary function of the pericardial fluid is to provide ________ between the pericardial membranes.
lubrication
The pulmonary veins carry __________.
oxygenated blood to the heart
If the heart were to be punctured by a broken bone, the bone would first penetrate the __________
parietal pericardium
The outermost layer of the serous pericardium is termed the ________
parietal pericardium
Which features are described as prominent muscular ridges that extend along the inner surface of the right auricle and across the adjacent anterior wall of the right atrium?
pectinate muscles
Blood leaves the right ventricle through the ________ valve to reach the capillaries supplying the lungs.
pulmonary
The ________ carries blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs.
pulmonary circuit
Which of the following is a unique feature of the right ventricle?
pulmonary valve
The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the ________.
pulmonary veins
Oxygen-poor blood travels from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the ________ valve.
right atrioventricular (tricuspid)
Plaque buildup in the left coronary artery (LCA) would NOT affect which portion of the heart?
right atrium
Which heart structure receives blood from the systemic circuit?
right atrium
In the pulmonary circuit, blood enters the pulmonary trunk directly from the ________.
right ventricle
Which structure makes up a large percentage of the anterior (sternocostal) surface of the heart?
right ventricle
The coronary sulcus __________.
separates the atria from the ventricles on the surface of the heart
Blood that is moved to and from all of the tissues of the body (with the EXCEPTION of the lungs) is transported in the ________.
systemic circuit
Which two chambers of the heart are connected by an opening during embryonic development that seals up at birth?
the right and left atria
Which of the heart's chambers is responsible for sending blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen?
the right ventricle
The ________ are a series of irregular muscular folds formed on the internal surface of the ventricles.
trabeculae carneae
Which statement regarding the pulmonary circuit is TRUE?
Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood.
Which describes the endocardium? a.Has single layer of epithelium b.Has layer of areolar connective tissue c.Epithelial cells are squamous d.Epithelial cells are cuboidal e.Has layer of smooth muscle tissue
a,b,c
Which of the following is TRUE regarding contractions of the heart?
Cardiac contractions are coordinated by specialized conducting cells that distribute the stimulus to cardiac muscle cells.
