Mastering A&P Questions/Lab 1-4

The nucleus, plasma membrane and ________ are the three major regions of cells that can readily be seen with a light microscope. organelles cytoplasm cell fluid cytosol

cytoplasm

This membranous organelle resembles a stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated vesicles. Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes

golgi apparatus

Which of the following increased the rate of sodium-potassium transport? decreasing the amount of ATP adding glucose to the right beaker increasing the amount of ATP increasing the number of membrane pumps

increasing the number of membrane pumps

what is the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity?

peritoneum

synvoial cavity

space within a joint capsule where the ends of the bones articulate

Coupled transporters that move solutes in the same direction are called _______. antiporters uniporters symporters isoporters

symporters

Which of the following is NOT a passive process? facilitated diffusion vesicular transport osmosis filtration

vesicular transport

These small bodies are found inside the nucleus of the cell. Made of proteins and RNA, these structures assemble ribosomes. They are ________. nucleoli nuclear envelopes nucleos nuclear poroses

nucleoli

Osmotic pressure is measured in units of _______. mM/min mm Hg ml/min mM/sec

mm Hg

Which of the following does NOT describe the plasma membrane? impermeable semipermeable selectively permeable differentially permeable

impermeable

Through which membrane(s) would sodium chloride diffuse? 200 MWCO only 50 MWCO, 100 MWCO, and 200 MWCO 20 MWCO, 50 MWCO, 100 MWCO, and 200 MWCO 100 MWCO and 200 MWCO

50 MWCO, 100 MWCO, and 200 MWCO

Name the body region from which blood is usually drawn. Brachial Antecubital Antebrachial Digital

Antecubital

Which of the following was NOT observed during this activity? A residue of solutes remained on the membrane after filtration. Increasing the rate of filtration increased the concentration of solutes in the filtrate. The 200 MWCO membrane was the largest pore size used. Some solutes were too large to pass through the membrane.

Increasing the rate of filtration increased the concentration of solutes in the filtrate.

Which organelle would you expect to play the largest role in decomposition of the human body? Mitochondria Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Lysosomes Nucleus

Lysosomes

Plasma cells are key to the immune response because they secrete antibodies. Given that antibodies are made of protein, which membrane-enclosed cell organelle would you expect the plasma cells to have in abundance? Rough endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Lysosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

What happens to facilitated diffusion when the protein carriers become saturated? The transport rate will increase The maximum rate of transport will occur. ATP will be utilized for transport The protein carriers fall apart.

The maximum rate of transport will occur.

What happened when sodium chloride was added as a solute in the left beaker? There was no change in the transport rate of glucose. Sodium was cotransported with the glucose. The transport rate of glucose decreased. The transport rate of glucose increased.

There was no change in the transport rate of glucose.

Why do you think the urea was not able to diffuse through the 20 MWCO membrane? How well did the results compare with your prediction?

Urea was not able to diffuse through the 20 MWCO membrane because of the size of the molecule.

Increasing the pressure above the beaker is analogous to _______. an increase in solutes found in the blood an increase in heart rate an increase in blood pressure a decrease in blood volume

an increase in blood pressure

If a membrane is impermeable to solutes, which of the following is true? Select one: a. Osmosis will not occur. b. Water will move away from the concentrated solutes. c. Water will move toward the more concentrated solutes. d. Water and solutes will move until equilibrium is reached.

c. Water will move toward the more concentrated solutes.

Which solute did NOT appear in the filtrate using the 200 MWCO membrane? charcoal Glucose, charcoal, sodium chloride and urea appeared in the filtrate. urea sodium chloride glucose

charcoal

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is FALSE? Select one: a. The movement of the solute is with its concentration gradient. b. The movement of a given solute usually occurs in both directions (into and out of the cell). c. The movement of the solute is passive. d. The movement requires a carrier protein.

d. The movement requires a carrier protein.

Which of the following describes the movement of ions by the sodium-potassium pump? Sodium is moved into the cell Potassium is moved into the cell. Potassium is moved out of the cell. Potassium is moved out of the cell and sodium is moved into the cell.

potassium is moved into the cell

A patient has been diagnosed with appendicitis. Use anatomical terminology to describe the location of the person's pain. Assume that the pain is localized to the surface of the body above the organ. Right lumbar region Abdominal cavity Right inguinal region Left inguinal region

right inguinal region

In this activity, the solutes were transported through the dialysis membrane by _______. simple diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis active transport

simple diffusion

Which of the following is the driving force for the sodium-potassium pump? an electrical gradient ATP hydrolysis a hydrostatic pressure gradient a concentration gradient

ATP hydrolysis

Individuals with asplenia are missing their spleen or have a spleen that doesn't function well. Why is it recommended that these patients talk to their doctor about vaccines that are indicated for their health? Vaccines are recommended to boost the function of T cells in the lymph nodes if a patient does not have a spleen. Vaccines are recommended for asplenic patients to prevent sepsis (a blood infection). Individuals with asplenia have a decreased or absent splenic filtration system and a decreased amount of antibody, placing them at significant risk for infection. Individuals with asplenia do not have B cells so without vaccines their immune system can only respond to viruses.

Individuals with asplenia have a decreased or absent splenic filtration system and a decreased amount of antibody, placing them at significant risk for infection.

An example of filtration occurs in the kidney and: This filtration across the capillary is an active process. Ions and glucose filter from the capillary into the kidney tubule. White blood cells filter from the kidney tubule into the capillary. Plasma proteins filter from the capillary into the kidney tubule. Red blood cells filter from the capillary into the kidney tubule.

Ions and glucose filter from the capillary into the kidney tubule.

Select the statement about selective (or differential) permeability that is false. a. It keeps valuable proteins inside cells. b. It keeps cellular wastes inside cells. c. It allows nutrients to enter cells. d. It prevents undesirable wastes from entering cells.

It keeps cellular wastes inside cells.

Which of the following can be true of both active transport and facilitated diffusion? Solutes can move against their concentration gradient. Cellular energy is required for the transport. Lipid-insoluble solutes are transported across the membrane by a carrier protein. The cell membrane pinches off to transport materials. A solute pump is required.

Lipid-insoluble solutes are transported across the membrane by a carrier protein.

A Hypertonic solution:_______. will induce cell bursting will induce cell shrinkage will induce cell swelling will induce no net movement of water

will induce cell shrinkage

Which of the following is required for filtration? a hydrostatic pressure gradient osmotic pressure ATP Both a membrane and a hydrostatic pressure gradient are required. a membrane-embedded protein carrier

Both a membrane and a hydrostatic pressure gradient are required.

Which of the following resulted in an increase in the filtration rate? increasing the concentration of the solutes Both increasing the pressure above the beaker and increasing the concentration of solutes are correct. increasing the pressure above the beaker Both increasing the pore size and increasing the pressure above the beaker are correct. increasing the pore size

Both increasing the pore size and increasing the pressure above the beaker are correct.

The mother of a child scheduled to receive a thymectomy (removal of the thymus gland) asks you whether there will be any side effects from the removal of the gland. Which two organ systems would you mention in your explanation? Lymphatic and integumentary Integumentary and endocrine Lymphatic and endocrine Lymphatic and reproductive

Lymphatic and endocrine

________ carry out specific functions inside cells, whereas ________ store glycogen, lipids, pigments, and other substances. Organelles, inclusions Organelles, genes Golgi apparatus, organelles Inclusions, mitochondria

Organelles, inclusions

Which specific body cavity would be opened to perform a hysterectomy? Abdominopelvic cavity Pelvic cavity Thoracic cavity Dorsal cavity

Pelvic cavity

An abdominal hernia results when weakened muscles allow the protrusion of abdominal structures. In one type of abdominal hernia, parts of a serous membrane and the small intestine form the bulge. Which serous membrane is involved? Peritoneum Pleura Meninges Pericardium

Peritoneum

Put the following in order from smallest to largest molecular weight: glucose, sodium chloride, albumin, and urea

Sodium Chloride, Urea, Glucose, Albumin.

Which smaller body cavity would be opened to perform a total knee joint replacement? Synovial cavity Orbital cavity Middle ear cavity Nasal cavity

Synovial cavity

A cell is immersed in a beaker of solution. The cell membrane is permeable to water but impermeable to solutes. If the intracellular concentration is 10 mM and the solution is 20 mM, which of the following is true? The net movement of water is into the cell. The cell will shrink. There is no net change in the movement of water into the cell. The solution is hypotonic.

The cell will shrink.

Which of the following describes the concentration of ions when the cell is at rest? The concentration of potassium is higher outside the cell. The concentration of potassium is higher inside the cell. The concentration of sodium is higher inside the cell. The concentration of potassium and sodium is equal inside and outside the cell.

The concentration of potassium is higher inside the cell.

The presence or absence of a solute in the filtrate depends on _______. the size of the solute the MWCO of the membrane the pore size of the membrane the molecular weight of the solute The molecular weight and size of the solute as well as the MWCO and pore size of the membrane.

The molecular weight and size of the solute as well as the MWCO and pore size of the membrane.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why a solute would require facilitated diffusion? The solute is hydrophilic. The solute directly requires ATP for its transport. The solute is too large to pass on its own. The solute is lipid insoluble.

The solute directly requires ATP for its transport.

Which of the following would result in NO change in osmotic pressure across a membrane? Water is moving with its concentration gradient. The solutes can diffuse through the pores. The solutes can diffuse through the pores and the concentration of solutes is the same on both sides of the membrane. The concentration of solutes is the same on both sides of the membrane.

The solutes can diffuse through the pores and the concentration of solutes is the same on both sides of the membrane.

Which of the following statements about osmosis is FALSE? It is passive. Water moves toward the solution with the lowest concentration of solutes. It is specific for the movement of water. It is a type of diffusion.

Water moves toward the solution with the lowest concentration of solutes.

If a membrane is impermeable to solutes, which of the following is true? Osmosis will not occur. Water and solutes will move until equilibrium is reached. Water will move toward the more concentrated solutes. Water will move away from the concentrated solutes.

Water will move toward the more concentrated solutes.

Which of the following can be true of both active transport and facilitated diffusion? Select one: a. Lipid-insoluble solutes can be transported and a carrier protein is required. b. A carrier protein is required. c. Cellular energy is required for the transport. d. Lipid-insoluble solutes can be transported. e. Solutes can move against their concentration gradient.

a. Lipid-insoluble solutes can be transported and a carrier protein is required.

A cell is immersed in a beaker of solution. The cell membrane is permeable to water but impermeable to solutes. If the intracellular concentration is 10 mM and the solution is 20 mM, which of the following is true? a. There is no net change in the movement of water into the cell. b. The net movement of water is into the cell. c. The cell will shrink. d. The solution is hypotonic.

a. There is no net change in the movement of water into the cell.

Which of the following resulted in an increase in the filtration rate? a. Both increasing the pressure above the beaker and increasing the concentration of solutes are correct. b. Both increasing the pore size and increasing the pressure above the beaker are correct. c. increasing the pressure above the beaker d. increasing the pore size e. increasing the concentration of the solutes

b. Both increasing the pore size and increasing the pressure above the beaker are correct.

In healthy people, it is good practice to use isotonic solutions for injections into veins of the circulatory system because ________. Select one: a. hypotonic solutions cause red blood cells to crenate b. isotonic solutions maintain the normal volume and function of red blood cells c. hypertonic solutions cause red blood cells to swell and lyse

b. isotonic solutions maintain the normal volume and function of red blood cells

A dialysis sac that is permeable to glucose and water is filled with water and placed in a beaker containing 20% glucose solution. Will there be a net transport of water across the dialysis sac? If so, in which direction will the water move, into the sac or out of the sac? Select one: a. No, there is no force to drive the water across the membrane. b. There is no net movement, but water will move back and forth across the membrane. c. Yes, water will move out of the sac. d. Yes, water will move into the sac.

c. Yes, water will move out of the sac.

When a cell is NOT dividing, the DNA is loosely spread throughout the nucleus in a threadlike form called __________. cytosol chromosomes ribosomes chromatin

chromatin

Which of the following would decrease the rate of facilitated diffusion? decreasing the amount of ATP available decreasing the number of carrier proteins increasing the number of carrier proteins increasing the amount of ATP available

decreasing the number of carrier proteins

This organelle stores and transports proteins, and synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol. centriole endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion microtubule

endoplasmic reticulum

When the solutes are evenly distributed throughout a solution, we say the solution has reached _______. diffusion permeability equilibrium velocity

equilibrium

What is the type of transport supplied by the glucose carriers in the activity? endocytosis active transport exocytosis facilitated diffusion coupled transport

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following requires a membrane-bound carrier for transport? osmosis facilitated diffusion simple diffusion filtration

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following would increase the rate of facilitated diffusion? increasing the steepness of the concentration gradient increasing the amount of ATP available decreasing the concentration of solutes decreasing the number of carrier proteins

increasing the steepness of the concentration gradient

Because these organelles are responsible for providing most of the ATP needed by the cell, they are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They are the __________. lysosomes ribosomes mitochondria centrioles

mitochondria

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion both _______. utilize a membrane-embedded carrier protein move solutes against their concentration gradient require ATP move solutes with their concentration gradient

move solutes with their concentration gradient

The sodium-potassium pump can transport _______. sodium even if potassium is not available and potassium even if sodium is not available potassium even if sodium is not available only if sodium and potassium are available sodium even if potassium is not available

only if sodium and potassium are available

Untreated diabetes mellitus can lead to a condition in which the blood is more acidic than normal. What two organ systems play the largest role in compensating for acid-base imbalances? Muscular and urinary Lymphatic and respiratory Respiratory and urinary Respiratory and endocrine

respiratory and urinary

Which of the following solutes would move the fastest? albumin urea sodium chloride glucose

sodium chloride

Which of the following generated osmotic pressure? albumin glucose sodium chloride, glucose and albumin generated osmotic pressure. sodium chloride

sodium chloride, glucose and albumin generated osmotic pressure.

For solutes that move by simple diffusion, which of the following does NOT affect the rate of simple diffusion across a membrane? Check all that apply. the size of the solute the membrane pore size the potential energy of the solute the concentration of the solute

the membrane pore size the potential energy of the solute

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is FALSE? The movement of the solute is with its concentration gradient. The movement of the solute is passive. The movement of a given solute usually occurs in both directions (into and out of the cell). The movement requires a carrier protein.

the movement of a given solute usually occurs in both directions (into and out of the cell)

Which of the following statements about carrier proteins is FALSE? They are found integrated into the plasma membrane. They might have to change shape slightly to accommodate a solute. They can become saturated if the maximum transport rate is exceeded. They assist in simple diffusion.

they assist in simple diffusion