Mastering Bio 4

The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell looks like ___.

A floating group of string like DNA or RNA strands in the capsule

Which of the following is true concerning both mitochondria and chloroplasts? Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are responsible for predominantly oxidative metabolic processes. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA and ribosomes. Mitochondria likely evolved from ancient endosymbiotic prokaryotes, but chloroplasts did not. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide.

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA and ribosomes.

Which molecules do not normally cross the nuclear membrane? View Available Hint(s) DNA mRNA Nucleotide triphosphates Proteins

DNA

True or false? Large proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) bind to the nuclear pore and enter the nucleus without any expenditure of energy. View Available Hint(s) True False

False

Nucleoplasmin is a nuclear protein. This protein was divided into two segments and linked to the same large cytoplasmic protein, generating two fusion proteins.After injecting these fusion proteins into a cell, one of the proteins was found in the nucleus and the other in the cytoplasm. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from these results? View Available Hint(s) Only one of the two fusion proteins possesses a nuclear localization signal. One of the fusion proteins entered the nucleus by passive transport. The cytoplasmic protein contains a nuclear localization signal. Nucleoplasmin does not have a nuclear localization signal.

Only one of the two fusion proteins possesses a nuclear localization signal.

A small protein (molecular weight = 25,000 daltons) is injected into a cell and observed in the nucleus a short time later. What type of transport has taken place? View Available Hint(s) Passive transport Active transport Osmosis

Passive transport

Which of the following is a characteristic common to all ribosomes from organisms of the three domains of life? Ribosomes from organisms of the three domains contain proteins and rRNA and catalyze protein synthesis. Ribosomes from organisms of the three domains can be found on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes from organisms of the three domains have the same number of protein subunits. All ribosomes are of the same size.

Ribosomes from organisms of the three domains contain proteins and rRNA and catalyze protein synthesis.

What is a potential limitation of GFP? Short wavelengths of excitation light can damage the cell's DNA. GFP can fluoresce only in vitro. GFP chimeras are usually recognized as improper and degraded. GFP is often cytotoxic.

Short wavelengths of excitation light can damage the cell's DNA.

What is important in cloning the GFP cDNA into the vector? The GFP cDNA is inserted after the target protein cDNA. The GFP cDNA is able to show fluorescence. The GFP cDNA is in the same reading frame as the target protein. The GFP cDNA has its own promoter.

The GFP cDNA is in the same reading frame as the target protein.

Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is false? View Available Hint(s) Nuclear pores are made up of a group of proteins that are collectively called the nuclear pore complex. Molecules pass into and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores. The nuclear envelope is continuous with the Golgi apparatus. The nuclear envelope is composed of two lipid bilayers.

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the Golgi apparatus.

In experiments to test whether a protein can enter the nucleus, why would proteins be labeled with fluorescent molecules? View Available Hint(s) To give the protein molecules energy To target the proteins to the nucleus To make the proteins easy to see To make the proteins bigger

To make the proteins easy to see

_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles. Mitochondria Chromatin Basal bodies Nuclear envelopes Microfilaments

basal bodies

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell? capsule pili cell wall flagella nucleoid region

cell wall

The _____ is composed of DNA and protein. centriole flagellum chromatin ribosome mitochondrion

chromatin

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. Fimbriae Flagella Ribosomes Mitochondria Cell walls

fimbriae

For which of the following may GFP fusion technology NOT be a good technique to use? for target proteins whose structure is altered by a GFP fusion for transmembrane proteins with cytoplasmic domains for soluble proteins found in the cytosol for proteins restricted to the nucleus

for target proteins whose structure is altered by a GFP fusion

What structure stores, modifies, and packages products?

golgi apparatus

GFP fusion technology would be best used for which of the following experiments? finding the gene for Alzheimer's disease determining the lipids in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane localizing mRNAs for flagellar proteins localizing the compartment where Golgi proteins are found

localizing the compartment where Golgi proteins are found

Which of the following groups of organelles contain acid hydrolases, catalase, and detoxifying enzymes for drugs, respectively? mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum nucleus, peroxisome, rough endoplasmic reticulum lysosome, mitochondria, Golgi complex lysosome, peroxisome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

lysosome, peroxisome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What organelle provides the cell with structural support?

microfilaments

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell? chloroplasts microfilaments plasma membrane microtubules peroxisomes

microtubules

Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? ribosomes smooth endoplasmic reticulum nucleolus mitochondrion chromatin

mitochondrion

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found? ribosomes nucleus peroxisome nucleoid region capsule

nucleoid region

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____. nucleolus peroxisome rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum lysosome

nucleolus

What organelle contains most of the cells DNA?

nucleus

Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product? centrioles flagellum nucleus mitochondrion peroxisome

peroxisome

The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell. nuclear envelope nucleus plasma membrane chloroplast lysosome

plasma membrane

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell. plasma membrane nucleoid region ribosome pili cell wall

plasma membrane

The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is ____.

plasma membrane

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule? DNA storage adhesion protein synthesis protection propulsion

protection

What are glycolipids?

proteins with carbohydrate tags that sit on the surface of the cell membrane and act as signaling molecules to label the cell and its type

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized? ribosomes nucleus peroxisome nucleoid region capsule

ribosomes

_____ are the sites of protein synthesis. Ribosomes Microfilaments Mitochondria Golgi apparatuses Peroxisomes

ribosomes

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins andphospholipids to its own membrane? nucleolus Golgi apparatus lysosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes

rough ER

Where is calcium stored? microtubules mitochondria centrioles smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum

smooth ER

What is the purpose of cholesterol? structural support of the cell stabilization of the phospholipids transport across the plasma membrane detection of environmental change cell-cell communication

stabilization of the phospholipids

What is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?

the nuclear envelope

Cells expressing the GFP fusion protein will show florescence __________. where the injected mRNA or cDNA is located where the GFP fusion protein is localized in the cell wherever the GFP gene is normally expressed wherever the target protein is normally located

where the GFP fusion protein is localized in the cell