Mastering Biology #3

(1.a) Drag the labels onto the table to indicate when each statement is true. Labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all. 1. Orange dye moves independently of purple dye. 2. Concentration gradients exist that drive diffusion of both dyes. 3. There is a net movement of orange dye from side A to side B. 4. Purple dye moves only from side B to side A. 5. There is no net movement of purple dye.

1. Always 2. only before equilibrium is reached 3. only before equilibrium is reached 4. never 5. only at equilibrium

(4.d) A red blood cell is placed into each of the following solutions. Indicate whether crenation, hemolysis, or neither will occur. Solution A: 3.21% (m/v) NaCl Solution B: 1.65% (m/v) glucose Solution C: distilled H2O Solution D: 6.97% (m/v) glucose Solution E: 5.0% (m/v) glucose and 0.9%(m/v) NaCl Drag each solution to the appropriate bin. 1. Crenation 2. Hemolysis 3. Neither

1. Crenation -- A,. D, E 2. Hemolysis -- B, C 3. Neither --

(4.c) A red blood cell has been placed into three different solutions. One solution is isotonic to the cell, one solution is hypotonic to the cell, and one solution is hypertonic to the cell. Determine which type of solution is in each beaker based on the cell's reaction. Drag each item to the appropriate bin. 1. Hypertonic 2. Isotonic 3. Hypotonic

1. Hypertonic= short arrow into cell, long arrow out of cell. Cell looks spiky and shriveled. 2. Isotonic = equal length arrows into and out of cell. Cell resemble perfect doughnut shape. 3. Hypotonic = short arrow out of cell, long arrow into cell. Cell is swollen and exploding.

(2.b) Which of the following statements correctly describe(s) the driving forces for diffusion of Na+ and K+ ions through their respective channels? Select all that apply.

1. The diffusion of Na+ ions into the cell is facilitated by the Na+ concentration gradient across the plasma membrane 2. The diffusion of K+ ions out of the cell is impeded by the electrical gradient across the plasma membrane. 3. The electrochemical gradient is larger for Na+ than for K+.

(1.b) Which of the following molecules can cross the lipid bilayer of a membrane directly, without a transport protein or other mechanism? Select all that apply.

Carbon dioxide, lipids, oxygen, and water

(4.a) A semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions. Which solution will decrease in volume? a) solution A: 1.4% (m/v) starch b) solution B: 7.62% (m/v) starch

a) Solution A

(5.f) A food company hydrogenated a barrel of fat. The treatment.... a) made the fat less fluid b) made the fat less saturated c) lengthened the fat tails d) put more bends (kinks) in the fat tails e) both (a) and (d)

a) made the fat less fluid

(8.a) Facilitated diffusion is a type of_________. a) passive transport b) phagocytosis c) pinocytosis d) active transport

a) passive transport

(5.b) The highlighted part of this molecule is derived from... a) guaiacol b) glycerol c) aniline d) fatty acid e) cholesterol

b) glycerol

(5.c) In fat synthesis, __________ and fatty acids combine to make fat plus __________. a) phosphate; glycerol b) glucose; phosphate c) glycerol; water d) esters; water e) esters; phosphate

c) glycerol; water

(5.d) In the reaction that builds a fat, ________ groups react with __________ groups. a) hydroxyl; phosphate b) phosphate; amino c) hydroxyl; carboxyl d) sulfhydryl; carboxyl e) carboxyl; amino

c) hydroxyl; carboxyl

(4.b) A semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions. Which solution will increase in volume? c) Solution C: 9% (m/v) NaCl d) Solution D: 12.4% (m/v) NaCl

d) Solution D

(5.a) The presence fo many C-C and C-H bonds causes fats to be... a) rich in energy b) insoluble in water c) low in energy d) both (a) and (b) e) both (b) and (c)

d) both (a) and (b)

(5.e) Triglycerides vary with respect to the number f .... a) hydrocarbon tails b) C atoms in the tails c) double bonds in the tails d) both (b) and (c) e) all of the above

d) both (b) and (c)

(5.g) The most unsaturated fats have... a) the fewest double bonds b) the highest ratio of H to C c) the shortest hydrocarbon tails d) the most double bonds e) the longest hydrocarbon tails

d) the most double bonds

(6.a) Structure A in the figure is a(n)___________. a) structural protein b) antibody c) receptor molecule d) transport protein e) enzyme

d) transport protein

(6.b) which of these can RAPIDLY pass directly through the phospholipid of the plasma membrane, without the help of a transport protein a) A only b) B only c) C only d) D only e) B, C, and D

e) B, C, and D

(7.a) Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to this animation? a) the cell does not expend ATP b) the cell is not expending energy c) sodium ions are transported down their concentration gradient d) potassium ions are transported down their concentration gradient e) both sodium and potassium ions are transported against their concentration gradients

e) both sodium and potassium ions are transported against their concentration gradients

(8.b) Structure A is a _________. a) water molecule b) solvent c) transport protein d) phospholipid e) solute

e) solute

(5.h) What do DNA, proteins, and fats have in common? a) they contain phosphorous b) they are polar c) they are polymers d) they contain nitrogen e) they contain carbonyl groups

e) they contain carbonyl groups

(8.c) Structure B is a ________. a) solvent b) water molecule c) phospholipid d) solute e) transport protein

e) transport protein