Mastering Biology Ch 40 Test

Hormones _____. act only on cells with receptors specific to that hormone are distributed by the bloodstream are relatively slow acting are chemical signals broadcast throughout the body All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

A neuron consists of _____. sarcomeres, axons, and dendrites a cell body, matrix, and myosin effectors, actin, and striated muscle fibers a cell body, dendrites, and axons None of the listed responses is correct.

a cell body, dendrites, and axons

When we talk of feedback systems, the word "stimulus" means _____. a) a signal that the effector gives to the sensor b) a deviation from the set point c) any signal passed between the sensor, integrator, and effector d) a signal from the outside environment e) a signal from the internal environment

a deviation from the set point

Ligaments are what kind of connective tissue? a type of loose connective tissue a type of cartilage connective tissue a type of fibrous connective tissue a type of adipose connective tissue specialized for holding bone to muscle

a type of fibrous connective tissue

Which statement is true regarding thermoregulation? a) Ectotherms generally do not conserve body heat as effectively as do polar bears. b) In furry animals, raised hairs keep the animal cooler than lowered hairs. c) Endotherms must always maintain a fairly constant body temperature to survive. d) A dilated blood vessel conserves more heat than a constricted one. e) An ectotherm such as a lizard does not maintain a fairly constant body temperature.

a) Ectotherms generally do not conserve body heat as effectively as do polar bears.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the nervous system but not the endocrine system? a) Signaling usually involves more than one type of signal. b) Signals travel slowly, often taking many seconds to have an effect. c) The signal is broadcast throughout the body. d) Signals generally coordinate gradual changes that affect the entire body. e) Signals are often long-lasting.

a) Signaling usually involves more than one type of signal.

Which of the following is a function of your circadian rhythm? a) Your body temperature rises and falls every day. b) Your body produces more red blood cells at higher elevations. c) Following tissue damage, injured tissue releases chemicals to attract platelets to initiate the clotting process. The process is amplified by the secretion of more platelet-attracting chemicals from the existing platelets. d) Your sweat glands secrete sweat and your blood vessels dilate after receptors detect an increase in your core body temperature. e) None of the listed responses is correct.

a) Your body temperature rises and falls every day.

On a cold day, blood vessels in the skin _____. a) constrict, reducing heat loss from blood at the surface b) dilate, preventing blood flow to the surface c) dilate, allowing blood to keep the skin warm d) constrict, forcing blood to flow through vessels in the skin e) dilate, causing blood to pass through the cold skin more quickly

a) constrict, reducing heat loss from blood at the surface

Which of the following systems is correctly paired with one of its parts? a) endocrine system ... thyroid gland b) excretory system ... intestine c) circulatory system ... lung d) integumentary system ... kidneys e) respiratory system ... heart

a) endocrine system ... thyroid gland

Most cells are microscopic because at this small size _____. a) the ratio of surface area to cell volume is maximized b) the amount of vulnerable plasma membrane is minimized relative to that of a larger, more stable cytoplasm c) free-living unicellular organisms are difficult for predatory organisms to detect and capture d) smaller cells require fewer nutrients and increase the probability of survival e) many more cells can be packed into an organ while maintaining its compact size

a) the ratio of surface area to cell volume is maximized

An epithelial cell with a relatively large amount of cytoplasm probably has what function? anchorage for the basement membrane absorption and secretion debris collection abrasion resistance regeneration and rapid tissue replacement

absorption and secretion

In the late fall, bats hibernate in clusters with many bats pressed together and holding on to one another. Which of the following supposed advantages of huddling behavior is, in reality, not true? a) Less surface area is exposed to the environment. b) Huddling behavior helps bats stay warm while they feed. c) In this configuration, less heat is needed for each bat and, therefore, each bat requires less food. d) Huddling behavior decreases the amount of food needed for bats to stay warm. e) Any heat generated by any bat is shared by other bats.

b) Huddling behavior helps bats stay warm while they feed.

Which of the following best illustrates homeostasis? a) All the cells in the body have much the same chemical composition. b) When blood CO2 increases, you breathe faster, ridding the body of excess CO2. c) All organs are composed of the same four kinds of tissues. d) DNA stores the genetic information in a cell. e) The lung has a large surface for exchange of gases.

b) When blood CO2 increases, you breathe faster, ridding the body of excess CO2.

Which of the following are connective tissues? a) adipose tissue, dense and loose connective tissues, and neurons b) adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood c) cartilage, bone, and epithelium d) bone, blood, and skin e) red blood cells and neurons

b) adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood

In most animals, food is digested by _____, _____ are absorbed by body cells, and most energy-containing molecules are used to generate _____. a) blood cells ... nutrients ... DNA b) enzymatic hydrolysis ... nutrients ... ATP c) acids ... nutrients ... ATP d) mitochondria ... carbon dioxide ... DNA e) enzymatic hydrolysis ... DNA and RNA ... more cells

b) enzymatic hydrolysis ... nutrients ... ATP

By definition, an ectotherm _____. a) is warm-blooded b) obtains most of its heat from its environment c) is cold-blooded d) has a body temperature that varies considerably e) can generate enough metabolic heat to keep its body temperature above that of its surroundings

b) obtains most of its heat from its environment

An organism is to an albatross as a(n) _____ is to an intestine. a) organism b) organ c) tissue d) organ system e) cell

b) organ

The amount of energy expended while an endothermic organism is resting, unstressed, and not actively digesting or growing is called its _____. metabolic rate bioenergetics energy budget standard metabolic rate basal metabolic rate

basal metabolic rate

Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix that contains collagen and calcium salts? fibrous connective adipose loose connective bone cartilage

bone

Ligaments connect _____ to _____. tendon ... bone muscle ... tendon muscle ... bone tendon ... tendon bone ... bone

bone ... bone

Which description is a behavior that helps warm the body? a) An elephant rolls in the mud and sprays water over its back. b) Sweat oozes from the hide of a thirsty antelope in the drought-stricken Serengeti plains. c) A falcon migrates from San Francisco to Brazil for the winter. d) A man gets "goosebumps" after walking outside in the winter without a jacket. e) A woman puts on a wide-brimmed hat while laboring in the sunshine.

c) A falcon migrates from San Francisco to Brazil for the winter.

When your body temperature is too _____, _____ helps to correct the situation because it _____. a) low ... peripheral vasodilation ... conserves heat in the body core b) low ... shivering ... lowers the metabolic rate and conserves blood sugar c) high ... peripheral vasodilation ... redirects heat from the body core to the outside d) high ... sweating ... lowers the metabolic rate by dumping toxic ions e) None of the listed responses is correct.

c) high ... peripheral vasodilation ... redirects heat from the body core to the outside

Interstitial fluid is _____. a) found only in the interior of compartments such as the heart and stomach b) another name for the blood c) the fluid that fills the spaces between cells of vertebrates d) any fluid inside the body e) any place beneath the skin

c) the fluid that fills the spaces between cells of vertebrates

Microscopic analysis of an unknown tissue sample reveals the presence of chondrocytes, indicating that the sample was probably taken from _____ tissue. cartilage loose connective tissue adipose bone stratified columnar epithelium

cartilage

Cells that secrete the proteins that make cartilage strong yet flexible are called _____. osteons fibroblasts adipocytes chondrocytes stem cells

chondrocytes

Which of the following tissues bind and support other tissues in the body? muscle tissue nervous tissue skin connective tissues epithelial tissue

connective tissues

Negative feedback is a method of homeostatic control that _____. a) counteracts a change in a condition by causing the change to either moderate or stop b) causes an effector to signal the control center of an organism, which creates the stimulus to make a response c) promotes decreases, rather than increases, in metabolism d) produces a response by lowering some set point of an organism's metabolism e) increases the speed and rapidity of negative responses

counteracts a change in a condition by causing the change to either moderate or stop

Which of the following is a question about physiology? a) Do salamanders and frogs have the same number of toes on their front feet? b) Is it true that apes do not have fleshy tails like monkeys? c) Do baleen whales have teeth? d) How is blood pressure affected by physical activity? e) Are there any living birds with claws on the ends of their wings?

d) How is blood pressure affected by physical activity?

_____ feedback most directly maintains homeostasis because it _____. a) Positive ... magnifies deviations from the "set point" b) Positive ... keeps systems constant despite fluctuations in the external environment c) Negative ... accentuates fluctuations and keeps the system from reaching equilibrium d) Negative ... tends to keep a system at a desirable "set point" e) None of the listed responses is correct.

d) Negative ... tends to keep a system at a desirable "set point"

The term "endotherm" refers specifically to _____. a) an animal that regulates its body temperature by its behavior b) a cold-blooded animal c) a warm-blooded animal d) an animal that gets most of its body heat from its metabolism e) an animal that temporarily abandons warm-bloodedness

d) an animal that gets most of its body heat from its metabolism

Food processing, absorption, and distribution in your body are mainly accomplished by the _____ systems. a) immune and lymphatic b) respiratory and circulatory c) endocrine and integumentary d) digestive and circulatory e) integumentary and excretory

d) digestive and circulatory

Which of these is most likely a characteristic of a large but NOT small aquatic animal? a) two-layered or thin body b) intracellular food digestion c) adequate exposed plasma membrane for exchange with the environment d) extensive branching of internal respiratory surfaces e) most cells exposed to a fluid medium

d) extensive branching of internal respiratory surfaces

The wolf, his coat glowing in the early spring sunshine, sat atop a cold boulder after unsuccessfully pursuing a plump jackrabbit. He continued to pant while _____. a) receiving heat by conduction from the sun b) heat evaporated away on the gentle breeze c) his body heat evaporated into the rock d) heat radiated from his tired body e) heat escaped his open mouth by conduction

d) heat radiated from his tired body

When a jogger starts to run, the rate at which his muscles produce CO2 rises sharply. But the CO2 in his blood rises only slightly before he starts to breathe faster and his heart starts beating stronger. Soon his increased rate of CO2 production is balanced by an increased rate of CO2 removal. This would be an example of _____ feedback because the jogger's circulatory and respiratory systems are _____. a) negative ... acting in opposition to one another b) positive ... restoring the CO2 concentration to the set point c) positive ... improving the operating conditions in the jogger's body d) negative ... acting to oppose the increase of CO2 from the preferred concentration e) positive ... decreasing the CO2 concentration

d) negative ... acting to oppose the increase of CO2 from the preferred concentration

An organ such as the heart or liver consists of _____. a) epithelial tissue b) nervous tissue c) muscle tissue d) connective tissue e) All of the listed responses are correct.

e) All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following is a benefit of multicellularity compared to organisms consisting of just one cell? a) All cells in a multicellular organism can perform all metabolic functions, thus maximizing metabolism. b) Single-celled organisms are simpler and thus less likely to experience breakdown or disease. c) Single-celled organisms can grow to larger sizes than multicellular organisms. d) Single-celled organisms can form tissues. e) Cells can specialize

e) Cells can specialize.

It is a cold day in the lecture hall. When you rest your arm on the cool laminated desktop at your seat, heat is transferred _____. from the air to your body by convection from the desk to your body by radiation from your body to the desk by radiation from the desk to your body by conduction from your body to the desk by conduction

from your body to the desk by conduction

Sweating _____. is common in dogs can be prevented by drinking adequate amounts of water results in irreversible dehydration helps the body thermoregulate happens only on hot days

helps the body thermoregulate

During a fever, the _____ readjusts the set point of the body to a _____ temperature. pineal gland ... higher hypothalamus ... lower hypothalamus ... higher thyroid ... lower adrenal glands ... lower

hypothalamus ... higher

The role of an effector in a feedback loop is to _____. a) allow the integrator to keep working even though conditions have changed b) influence the stimulus c) act as a sensor d) detect the stimulus e) All of the listed responses are correct.

influence the stimulus

Humid weather makes you feel warmer because humid air, which is saturated with water molecules, _____. increases metabolic heat production holds warm water vapor interferes with heat loss by evaporation prevents countercurrent heat exchange from occurring interferes with heat loss by conduction

interferes with heat loss by evaporation

"Striated" is a description that would apply to which kind of animal tissue? epithelium skin nervous connective muscle

muscle

The _____ system and the _____ system work together to coordinate and control the bodies of most animals. circulatory ... respiratory circulatory ... digestive nervous ... endocrine endocrine ... immune nervous ... circulatory

nervous ... endocrine

Bone cells are called _____. erythrocytes osteocytes chondrocytes neurons osteoblasts

osteocytes

Myosin and actin are _____. unique to cardiac muscle found localized in intercalated disks types of skeletal muscle proteins that play a major role in muscle contraction part of a negative feedback loop

proteins that play a major role in muscle contraction

Which of the following animals would you expect to consume food at the highest rate (kilograms of food per kilogram of body weight per day)? dog alligators sparrow human bullfrog

sparrow

Which of the following are types of cells found in epithelial tissues? neurons fibroblasts and osteoblasts squamous, cuboidal, and columnar cells chondrocytes and osteocytes erythrocytes and platelets

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar cells

The matrix of blood tissue, where water, salts, and dissolved proteins are found, is _____. the outer covering of the blood vessels dense with collagen and other protein fibers a form of loose connective tissue the red and white blood cells the blood plasma

the blood plasma

Where in the body would you be most likely to find secretory cells shaped like dice? thyroid and salivary glands blood vessels surface of the skin intestines

thyroid and salivary glands

During the night, the dormouse forages and eats, but during the day its body temperature and heart rate drop significantly. This is an example of what physiological process? hibernation thermoregulation thermogenesis acclimatization torpor

torpor