Materials science, structure, and properties

**How does electron configuration determine a materials physical properties and atomic bonding?

Electron configuration determines the valence electrons location/distribution on the s, p, d, and f orbitals. The physical properties are then effected

Materials Science

Investigate the relationships between the structures and properties of materials

What are valence electrons?

The electrons occupying the outermost electron shell of an atom, which participate in interatomic bonding.

Metallic bonds

*Definition *Effect on Physical Properties -It may be described as the sharing of free electrons among a lattice of positively charged ions (cations). The physical properties of metals are the result of the delocalisation of the electrons involved in metallic bonding such as strength, ductility, thermal and electrical resistivity and conductivity, opacity, and luster.

Metals

*Good conductor of electricity *Good conductor of heat *Not transparent; opaque *Polished for shiny surface *Quite strong but deformable

Ceramics

*Insulator - poor conductor of electricity *Insulator - poor conductor of heat *Good resistance to degradation in high temperatures *Good resistance to degradation in harsh chemical *environments *Very strong but very brittle.

Polymers

*Low density *Often very flexible *Suitable for low temperature applications *Resistance to harsh chemical environments varies *Mechanical properties vary with type of polymer material

Physical properties

*Material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Can be observed without changing the composition of the matter. -Solid, liquid, gas -Density -Melting point/boiling point -solubility -polarity

Materials Selection

*Pick a material based on : -In-service conditions -Deterioration of the material during service -Economics

Class Moto

*Processing: Material fabrication technique *Properties: Material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. -For solid materials (Property--> Stimulus) -Mechanical Property--> an applied force -Physical Property -Electrical --> an electric field -Thermal--> heat capacity and thermal conductivity -Magnetic --> application of magnetic field -Optical --> electromagnetic or light radiation -Deteriorative --> chemical reactivity of materials *Structure: Organization of atoms and molecules relative to one another

Materials Engineering

Design the structure of a materials to produce a predetermined set of properties