Maternity Weeks

WEEKS 38 AND 40

-Fundal height decreases as the fetus begins to descend into the pelvis (lightening) in preparation for birth. Lightening occurs in the nullipara approximately 2 weeks before the onset of labor and in the multipara at the start of labor. (Lightening because woman feels "lighter" as baby is no longer pushing against diaphragm)

36 WEEKS

-Gi system is mature

4 WEEKS

-Heart begins to beat -Hepatic system develops from the foregut, liver and biliary tract form

6 WEEKS

-Yolksac: Aids in transferring maternal nutrients and oxygen for the first 5-6 weeks to embryo -Kidneys form at week 5 and function at week 9 -Hegar's sign at 6 weeks (softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment) -Goodell's sign at 6 weeks: Softening of the cervical tip -The corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesterone for the first 6 to 10 weeks of pregnancy until the placenta becomes the primary source of these hormones. -Maternal heart rate begins to increase at approximately 5 weeks of gestation.

WEEK 24

-age of viability: baby is able to survive outside of the womb -fetal respiration movements at 10-20% -responds to sound -24-28 weeks glucose test for gestational diabetes -18-24 weeks routine ultrasound examination

WEEK 8

-all other organs have been somewhat formed -less than 10mL of amniotic fluid -Chadwick's sign: Increased vascularity results in the violet-blue color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix at 6 to 8 weeks of pregnancy

32 WEEKS

-baby begins to settle down in the pelvis to prepare for birth -amniotic fluid increases to 800mL and stays stable until about 39 weeks. -there is sufficient surfactant present to give infant good chance of survival. Surfactant is needed to mature the fetal lungs.

40 WEEKS

-full term -amniotic fluid drops down to 500mL at 41 weeks -fetus has glycogen stores twice that of an adult -fetal brain is the quarter size of an adult brain -nails are fully grown -maternal increase in total body water of 6.50 to 8.5 L by term

WEEK 10

-glycogen is stored in the fetal liver at the 10th week (major source of energy for fetus and neonate) -nails begin to grow -uterus is the size of an orange (twice its non-pregnant size)

9 WEEKS - stage of the fetus begins until the end of pregnancy

-kidneys begin to function -Characteristics of a male or female fetus appears -Maternal nausea and vomiting peaks at 9 weeks and usually subsides by the end of the first trimester

WEEK 7

-placenta is producing most of the maternal estrogens -Uterus is the size of a large hen's egg

WEEK 12

-placental structure is complete by 12th week -sex is fully differentiated -Y chromosome, testes form. XX chromosome ovaries form. -the uterus changes from its nonpregnant pear shape to a more spherical or globular shape. Later, as the fetus grows, the uterus becomes larger and more ovoid. During the first trimester the uterus is a pelvic organ; by 12 weeks it rises out of the pelvis into the abdominal cavity. -Between the 12th and 14th weeks of pregnancy, the uterus can be palpated above the symphysis pubis

28 WEEKS

-pulmonary surfactant production into lining of alveoli -28-32 weeks total blood volume increases rapidly by 40% to 50%, peaks at approximately 28 to 34 weeks, and then stabilizes or decreases slightly by term.

WEEK 20

-quickening -baby can practice breathing motions -lanugo over whole body -can hear in the uterus -The uterus rises gradually to the level of the umbilicus by 20 to 22 weeks of gestation and nearly reaches the xiphoid process at term.

26-37 WEEKS

-receive TDAP vaccine

WEEK 16

-sex is visible on doppler ultrasound -Amniotic fluid increases up to 250mL -Fetus can taste -Hyperpigmentation is stimulated by the anterior pituitary hormone melanotropin, which is increased during pregnancy leading to darkening of the areolae, axilla, and vulva. -Melasma (Chloasma or mask of pregnancy): Blotchy, brown hyperpigmentation of cheeks, nose and forehead. Especially with women with darker complexions. 50-70% of women. Evident 16th week and increases gradually until term.

6-12 DAYS AFTER CONCEPTION

Amenorrhea: Menstrual periods cease during pregnancy and can be confused with implantation bleeding that occurs

8-10 DAYS AFTER CONCEPTION

Human chorionic gonodotropin (HcG) Reaches max levels by 60-70 days and drops lowest levels at 100-130 days and placenta becomes primary source for estrogen.

WEEK 14

Pregnancy may begin to show

3-4 WEEKS

Thyroid gland develops

First trimester

WEEK 1- WEEK 12

SECOND TRIMESTER IS FROM

WEEK 13- WEEK 26

THIRD TRIMESTER IS FROM

WEEK 27 - 40

26 WEEKS

eyelids open and experiences sight

16-18 weeks:

Ballottement: Passive movement of the unengaged fetus. Can be identified by the examiner. To palpate the fetus, the examiner places a finger within the vagina and taps gently upward on the cervix, causing the fetus to rise. The fetus then sinks, and a gentle tap is felt on the finger. Bounces and rebounds.

27 WEEKS

Give all Rh negative moms immunoglobulins RhoGam (blood product) at 27 weeks

8-12 WEEKS

heart tones heard on doppler

By the end of the second trimester, mom's appetite

increases in response to increasing metabolic needs.