Math Vocabulary.1

Infinite

Increasing or decreasing with no end.

Multiplicative Inverse

The reciprocal of a number; the product of a number and its multiplicative inverse is 1.

Power

The value of a base and exponent.

Opposite Numbers

Two numbers that are the same distance from zero on the number line, but are in opposite directions.

Property of equality

What happens to one side of an equation must also happen to the other side of the equation.

closed circle

a circle filled in to show that the point is a part of the solution set infinite increasing or decreasing without end

open circle

a circle not filled in to show that the point is a border value and is not included as part of the solution set

discount

a decrease in the price of something

scale drawing

a drawing of an object which is proportional to its original

improper fraction

a fraction with a numerator that is larger than or equal to the denominator

proper fraction

a fraction with a numerator that is less than the denominator

direct variation

a function of the form y = kx, where k is not zero

Ordered pair

a group of two numbers written in an order (x, y) so that the first value represents a horizontal position and the second number represents a vertical position.

arc

a mark used in geometry to show that two angles are congruent

commission

a method of paying someone based on a percentage of their sales

factor

a number that divides evenly into a given number

zero pair

a pair of numbers whose sum is zero

prime factor

a prime number that divides evenly into a given number

Unit price

a rate showing the price for 1 item

Unit rate

a rate with a denominator of 1; a rate which shows an amount of something compared to 1 of something else

quadrant

a region of the coordinate plane formed by the x and y axes

Function

a relation where for any given input value there is only one output value.

gratuity (or tip)

a small amount of money given for a service

Input

a value substituted in for the variable in a function which generates another value (the output).

coordinate plane

a way of locating points in a plane that consists of a horizontal and a vertical number line intersecting at the origin

Mapping diagram

a way of representing how the members of one group are related to the members of another group.

prime number

a whole number greater than one that has exactly two positive factors: one and itself

composite number

a whole number greater than one that has more than two positive factors

Distributive Property

a(b + c) = ab + ac, or a(b - c) = ab - ac.

scale model

an object which is proportional to its original

scale

the factor by which an object is reduced or enlarged in order to create a scale model or drawing

Domain

the independent values, or x values.

greatest common factor

the largest number that divides evenly into two or more given numbers

coefficient

the number in an algebraic term

origin

the point where the x and y axes intersect on a coordinate plane

constant of variation

the rate of change in a direct variation; also known as constant of proportionality

scale factor

the ratio of corresponding sides of similar figures

percentage

the result of multiplying a number by a percent

numerator

the top part of a fraction; represents part of the whole

solution

the value(s) of a variable that will make a mathematical statement true

independent variable

the variable representing the first element of the ordered pairs in a function; the inputs

dependent variable

the variable representing the second element of the ordered pairs in a function; the outputs

enlarge

to make something bigger

reduce

to make something smaller

directly proportional

two quantities that increase or decrease (change) by the same factor; also known as directly related

corresponds

(or corresponding) angles or sides in the same position on similar figures

hash mark

(or tick mark) a mark used in geometry to show that two line segments are congruent

Natural Number

A number belonging to the set made up of the numbers that are used to count 1,2,3, and so on.

Integer

A number belonging to the set made up of the whole numbers and their opposites.

Whole Number

A number belonging to the set made up of zero and the natural numbers.

Term

A number or a variable, or the product of a number and a variable(s).

Variable

A number or symbol used to represent an unknown number.

Square root

A number that when multiplied by itself (squared) equals a given number.

Rational Number

A number which can be written as a ratio in fraction form.

Real Number

A number which can be written as an infinite decimal.

Irrational Number

A number which, when in decimal form, does not terminate or repeat.

Constant

A number; a term containing no variables.

Associate Property

A property of the real numbers which states that how numbers are grouped in a sum or product does not change the value.

Commutative Property

A property of the real numbers which states that the order in which numbers are added or multiplied does not change the value.

Relation

A set of ordered pairs.

Expression

A term or multiple terms connected by an addition or subtraction sign.

Vertical line test

A test to determine if a graph is a function; a vertical line can only go through one point on the graph to be a function.

Output

A value generated by a function from another value (an input) which was substituted into the function and evaluated.

Formula

An expression that uses variables to state a rule.

Perfect square

Any rational number that is the square of another rational number

Equation

Equation a mathematical statement that shows two expressions are equal; it has an equal sign.

Inverse operations

Opposite operations that undo one another.

Inequality

Sentence showing a relationship between numbers that are not necessarily equal; uses the symbol , >, <, ≠, ≤, and ≥.

Exponent

The (superscript) number in an exponential expression; it tells how many times a factor is repeated.

Absolute Value

The distance from zero on the number line.

Scientific Notation

The method of writing very large or small numbers as a product of a number greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10 multiplied by a power of 10.

Additive Identity

The number 0; when added to any number, the value of the number does not change.

Multiplicative Identity

The number 1; when multiplied by any number, the value of the number does not change.

Distance

The number of units between two numbers of points, regardless of directions.

Base

The number which is repeated as a factor in an exponential expression.

Additive Inverse

The opposite or negative of a number; the sum of a number and its additive inverse is 0.

mixed number

consists of an integer and a proper fraction

equivalent expressions

expressions that are equal in value even though they are written in different ways

similar

figures that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size

congruent

figures that have the same size and shape

equivalent fractions

fractions that may be expressed differently, but still have the same value

infinite

increasing or decreasing without end

axes

lines on the coordinate plane from which graphed data are measured

inequality

sentence showing a relationship between numbers or expressions that are not necessarily equal; uses the symbols >, <, ≥, ≤, or ≠

like terms

terms that have the same variable(s)

denominator

the bottom part of a fraction; represents the whole

Range

the dependent values, or y values.