McCurnin Chapter 35 and 36 Review questions

Which signs indicate the presence of granulosa theca cell tumors in mares?

- Anesturs - Nymphomania - Stallionlike behavior

Which are signs of ruptured bladder?

- Anorexia - Depression - Dehydration - Abdominal distention

What are the diagnostic markers of left displaced abomasum (LDA)?

- Fluid pH 4.1 - Gas with burnt almond smell - "Metalic pinging" when percussed

Which nerves are anesthetized in the distal paravertebral technique for imparting surgical anesthesia?

- Lumbar vertebra (L1) - Lumbar Vertebra 2 (L2) - Thoracic vertebra 13 (T13)

Which factors increase the risk of vaginal prolapse in cattle?

- Obesity - Bulky diets - Increased fetal size

Which factors should the vet tech monitor to determine if cast sores have developed in the postoperative stage?

- Odor - Heat - Exudate

For which equine urogenital tract surgical procedure would a vet tech perform a caudal epidural?

- Ovariectomy - Cervical tear repair - Rectovaginal tear repair

Which secondary problems can arise due to traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) in cows?

- Peritonitis - Vagal indigestion - Reticular abscesses

Which signs confirm that the paravertebral block placed on a bovine animal has successfully resulted in analgesia?

- The blocked side is palpably warmer. - Noxious stimuli produce no response. - The spine bend laterally away from the blocked site.

Which tests are performed during preoperative prep of a food animal that will undergo a surgical procedure involving a high risk for significant blood loss?

- Total protein - Packed cell volume - Physical examination

Identify the dietary management measures that help control and prevent obstructive urolithiasis in bulls?

- Vitamin A added to the ration. - Ammonium chloride in the ration at 1.5% - Calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in the diet in the range of 2:1

A horse is having its limbs operated on. What proceures does the vet tech perform during the intraoperative nursing period?

- Wrap the limbs with Esmarch bandage. - Place radiographs on a radiographic view box.

Which anesthetics are commonly used during castation?

- Xylazine-ketamine - Xylazine-thiobarbiturate

What is the size of the portal made for inserting the arthroscope?

1 cm

Arrange in order the steps taken for surgical treatment of urovagina in cows.

1. A caudal epidural is given. 2. The rectum is emptied of its contents. 3. The tail is restrained. 4. Stay sutures are placed to hold the vulva open. 5. The transverse fold above the urtheral orifice in the vagina is split. 6. Urethral extensions are created and dissection of the shelves distally is performed bluntly. 7. The mucosal sheets are sutured in a Y pattern.

Arrange in order the steps performed during extirpation of the eye in a cow suffering from ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

1. A four point retrobulbar block is performed. 2. The eye is surgically prepared. 3. The lids are clamped together. 4. A transpalpebral incision is made near the lid margins. 5. A sharp dissection is performed 360 degrees around the orbit. 6. The orbital ligament is incised at the medial canthus and muscles and tissues are removed. 7. The lids re sutured together with nonabsorbable No.3 suture material.

Arrange in order the steps performed when using the Buhner suture technique for the retention of vaginal or uterine prolapse.

1. A horizontal skin incision is made between the dorsal commissure of vulva and the annus. 2. A horizontal incision is made at the ventral commissure of the vulva. 3. The needle is inserted 5 to 8-cm into the ventral incision. 4. The needle is directed out of the dorsal skin incision. 5. The eye of the needle is threated with Buhner suture tape. 6. The needle is pulled through the ventral incision. 7. The suturing is repeated on the other side. 8. The suture is tightened so that only 2 to 3 fingers can be inserted into the vagina.

Arrange in decreasing order of prevalence the common sites for occurrence of ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in cattle?

1. Lateral and medical limbus 2. Eyelids 3. Third eyelid 4. Medial canthus

Arrange in order the steps that are followed to surgically treat urolithasis by perineal urethrostomy.

1. The skin of the scrotum is incised along the midline. 2. The incision is continued till the penis is encountered. 3. Penis is dissected from the surronding fascia. 4. The penis is pulled caudally out of the incision. 5. The penis is transected to leave a short stump. 6. The stump is sutured to the skin of the lower part of the incision. 7. The skin is closed with simple interrupted sutures.

How many hours before the start of surgery should water be withheld from a bovine animal that will be in dorsal or lateral recumbency or under general anesthesia?

12 hours

What is the size of the guide needle used in the proximal paravertberal technique?

14-gauge, 1-inch

How long does it take for paravertebral block to take effect when it is placed in a bovine animal?

15 - 30 minutes

Which type of needle is used to perform the peterson eye block during extirpation of ocular tissue in cows?

18 gauge, 12-cm

What sice needle is used for caudal epidural anesthesia in large or obses horses?

18 gauge, 3.0-inch

What size skin incision is required for performing a rumenotomy through a left flank laparotomy procedure on a cow?

20-cm

What is the optimal age for dehorning buck kids?

3-5 days

Which pH level of abomasal fluid confirms the presence of a left displaced abomasum (LDA)?

3.8

How mant permanent teeth are present in a cat?

30

For elective surgerical procedures, how long should a horse be held off feed before surgery?

4 to 6 hours

How many hours of fasting is recommended for a bovine animal that is going to be operated on in dorsal or lateral recumbency or under general anesthesia?

40 hours

Which dose of lidocaine can be toxic for a bovine animal?

7.0 mg/kg

Which abnormality is depticed in the image?

A flexural deformity of the fetlock joint

Which laparotomy procedures are performed from the right flank in bovine animals?

Abdominal exploratories and correction of abomasal displacements

Which clinical outcome may occur in an animal as a result of the conditin depicted in the image?

Abnormal accumulation of calculus on the buccal surface of the mandibular molars

Which organization provides recommendation for the qualifications of persons who perfor veterinary dental procedures?

American Veterinary Dental College (AVDC)

What treatment is used for the complication shown in the lateral radiograph of an equine front foot?

Anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory drugs

Which treatment is indicated for septic arthritis in cattle?

Arthroscopic joint lavage

Which surgery removes osteochondral chip fractures and treats cartilaginous abnormalities?

Arthroscopic surgery

Which clinical signs indicates that an animal with acute urethral obstruction has suffered a ruptured bladder?

Azotemia

Which action is appropriate for safely transporting a horse with a severe musculoskeletal injury?

Bandage, splint, or cast the injuried limb to at least one joint level above the injury

Which instrument is used when dehorning of a young beef calf?

Barnes dehorner

Which devices provide the best fixation of major fractures in long bones in a horse?

Bone plates and cortical bone screws

Which processes involves the use of emasculators?

Castration

Which best relates to the occurrence of oral lacerations in cattle?

Cattle are not particularly discriminatory about the food that they eat and are likely to consumer injurious debirs

Which sharpening stone can be used in a dry state while sharpening dental instruments in a vet practice?

Ceramic stone

What tasks does the vet tech perform during the postoperative nursing period?

Changing bandages and administering medications

What is a characteristic of an umbilical hernia?

Closes spontaneously with growth

Which equipment does the vet tech use to allow visualization of the root tip by controlling hemorrhage in the alveolar socket during surgical extraction?

Cotton-tipped applicator

Which is a cause of lameness of the foot?

Coxofemoral luxation

What is the procedure of choice for obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants?

Cystotomy

How should a horse's body be positioned for surgery in lateral recumbency?

Dependent forelimb pulled forward as far as possible

What is the procedure shown in the figure?

Determination of periodontal pocket depth

Which practice is appropriate when polishing the teeth of an animal with an electrical rotating rubber cup?

Each tooth should be polished for 1 to 3 seconds

Which limb abnormality arises from the anomalous development of bones and musculotendinous structures?

Flexural deformities

What condition is depicted in the figure?

Gingivitis

During an anesthetized oral exam, a dog is found to have moderate periodontitis and nearly 30 percent loss of attachment. Which grade of periodontitis does the dog have?

Grade 3

Whatis the combined effect of the patient's body pressure and anthestic hypotension during femoropatellar arthroscopy of a horse?

Hypoperfusion of muscles

Which type of teeth have a large reserve crown and continue to grow and/or erupt throughout most of an animal's lifetime?

Hypsodont

What is the structure indicated by the arrow in the image of the oral cavity of a dog?

Incisive papilla

Which nerve block is shown in the image?

Inferior alveolar nerve block

A pronounced, bounding digital pulse is characteristic of which orthopedic disease in horses?

Laminitis

Which complications does a vet tech check for during postoperative monitoring of an animal that has had limb surgery?

Laminitis and jugular vein thrombophlebitis

Which position is maintained in a horse during castration

Lateral recumbency

A distally extended incision is required for impending C-section as the fetus is large in size. Which approach will be taken for the C-section to ensure that the rumen obstructs other viscera from eviscerating through the incision?

Left flank

Which characteristics exemplify grade II periodontal disease?

Less than 25% attachment loss

Which term is used to refer to the mandibular tooth surfaces adjacent to the tongue?

Lingual

Which musculoskeletal injuries are frequently sustained in horses?

Long-bone fractures and disruption of ligaments

Which is an example of appropriate postoperative care for a cow that has just undergone a laparotomy?

Make sure the recovery environment is dry, draft-free, and well bedded

Which nerve block should be used to carry out extraction of the maxillary second molar in a dog?

Maxillary nerve block

What mobility of a dog's tooth classifies as stage 3 (M3) on the mobility scoring index?

Mobility is increased in any direction other than axial over a distance exceeding 1.0 mm

A vet tech is assessing a riding horse for the presence of periodontal disease, wear patterns, float teeth, and dental decay as part of a routine dental exam. What is the likely age group of the horse?

More than 5 years

Which compound is released into the bloodstream and excreted in the urine in severe cases of muscle hypoperfusion in horses?

Myoglobin

Which technique is used to remove diseased internal reproductive organs in mares?

Ovariectomy

When is uterine prolapse seen in cows?

Parturition

Identify the instrument depicte in the figure?

Periodontal probe

Which is considered the primary instrument in a vet practice for routine debridement and advanced periodontal therapy and can help reduce hand fatigue along with the total time a patient remains anesthetized?

Power scalers

Perineal surgery is commonly used in equine practice due to which injury?

Rectovaginal tears sustained during foaling

Which factors contribute to uterine prolapse in cows?

Recumbency and dystocias with excessive straining

Where would a nerve block be placed to examine or perform a surgery on a bulls' penis?

Region of pudendal nerve

Which breed-related factor is extempt from predisposing bulls of Bos indicus influence to preputial prolapse?

Retractor prepuce muscles

Which respiratory condition results in paralysis of the left arytenoid cartilage in horses?

Roarer

Which nerves can be damaged during forced fetal extraction using "calving paralysis"?

Sciatic and obturator

Which applies to radial nerve paralysis?

Seen after period of lateral recumbency

How does the vet tech use the mobility scoring index to document the tooth of a dog that moves 0.3 mm in a buccolingual direction?

Stage 1 (M1)

How does rumenotomy technique differ based on whether the cow is suffering from traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) or grain overload?

The location of the skin incision

In addition to numbing the ipsilateral rostral lower lip from the labial frenulum, which teeth are affected by the nerve block shown in the image?

The mandibular incisors

Which tooth in a dog is documented as 108?

The right maxillary fourth premolar

Which describes angular limb deformities?

They develop in the appendicular skeleton in medial-to-lateral direction

Which shank design of a scaler is most favorable for removing heavy calculus deposits from the molars of an animal?

Thick and bent

Why does a vet tech take the radiographic image of an animal's oral cavity as depicted in the figure during endodontic procedure?

To ensure that the file extends to the apex of the root canal system

Why is an osteoconductive product placed in the alveolus during the surgical extraction of multi-rooted teeth in a dog?

To prevent bone loss in the area of the extraction

What is the use of the instrument depicted in the figure during endodontic treatment?

To push the gutta percha vertically in an apical direction

What is the use of the equipment depicted in the figure during endodontic treatment?

To retrieve the pulp from the pulp chamber

What is the use for the equipment depicted in the figure?

To shape the apical canal with quarter-turn advances

How is a lower left canine fracture documented in the medical records of a dog?

Tooth 304 is fractured

When is an omphalectomy indicated in cattle?

Umbilical hernia

Identify a casue of secondary septicemia and septic arthritis in a foal.

Umbilical remnant infection

Which structures are composed of calcium carbonate and has a spicular appearance?

Urinary calculi

Which condition is an obese cow with a high level of pelvic fat susceptible to?

Vaginal prolapse

When is a flank incision made in a horse during gi tract surgery?

When the horse has colic