McGraw Hill Smartbook Concepts: Chapter 22 Respiratory Physiology

Central chemoreceptors in the brain stem that are involved in respiratory control respond most directly to changes in which of the following? Oxygen levels Smoke and dust in the air Carbon dioxide levels pH

pH

The separate contribution of each gas in a mixture is called its ___________ pressure.

partial

Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are called ______ chemoreceptors. pontine central spinal peripheral

peripheral

The mucociliary escalator drives debris toward the what? Heart Pharynx Stomach Lungs

pharynx

The layer of serous membrane called the parietal __________ lines the thoracic cavity.

pleura

The _____ respiratory group adjusts the respiratory rate based on stimuli from the limbic system or cerebral cortex. pontine ventral dorsal

pontine

One complete breath in and out is called a(n) _____________ cycle.

respiratory

The alveoli and other gas-exchange regions of the distal airway make up the _________ zone of the respiratory system.

respiratory

The nose, larynx, trachea, and lungs are organs of the ___________ system.

respiratory

Tertiary bronchi are also called ______ bronchi. main superior segmental bronchopulmonary

segmental

The names of the secondary bronchi of the right lung are ______. left, right, and medial superior, middle, and inferior anterior, posterior, and medial superior, anterior, and mediastinal

superior, middle, and inferior

Pulmonary __________ is a substance found lining the alveoli which decreases surface tension.

surfactant

The laryngeal prominence (also called the "Adam's apple") is an anterior peak on the _________ cartilage, the largest of the laryngeal cartilages.

thyroid

Nasal conchae are also called ______. choanae vibrissae turbinates meatuses

turbinates

Which best summarizes the Haldane effect? More O2 will dissolve in the blood at higher pressures. Excessive inflation of the lungs will temporarily inhibit the I neurons and stop inspiration. The rate of CO2 loading into the blood is increased in metabolically active tissues. The rate of O2 unloading is increased in metabolically active tissues due to increased acidity.

The rate of CO2 loading into the blood is increased in metabolically active tissues.

A normal residual volume would be ______ mL of air. 3000 1300 4600 500

1300

How many C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage make up the trachea? 16 to 20 4 to 6 23 to 25

16 to 20

About what percentage of atmospheric air is made up of oxygen? 1% 21% 79%

21%

How many lobes make up the right lung? 4 2 3 1

3

A normal inspiratory reserve volume would be ______ mL of air. 1200 4800 3000 500

3000

How many oxygen molecules are bound to a fully loaded hemoglobin molecule? 4 1 5 2 6

4

Each bronchiole divides into how many terminal bronchioles? 5 to 8 50 to 80 500 to 800

50 to 80

An average tidal volume is about ______ mL of air. 100 500 4600 1200

500

A normal total lung capacity would be ______ mL of air. 500 2500 6000 1200

6000

Which term refers to an acid-base imbalance in which the blood pH is higher than 7.45? Hypocapnia Hypercapnia Acidosis Alkalosis

Alkalosis

Which term refers to the exchange of gases across the respiratory membrane? Systemic gas exchange Ventilation Alveolar gas exchange Cellular respiration

Alveolar gas exchange

Which term refers to the exchange of gases across the respiratory membrane? Ventilation Cellular respiration Alveolar gas exchange Systemic gas exchange

Alveolar gas exchange

Select all that apply Choose all the forms in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood. Bicarbonate ion Carboxyhemoglobin Bound to heme Dissolved gas Carbaminohemoglobin

Bicarbonate ion Dissolved gas Carbaminohemoglobin

Select all that apply Choose all of the following that the peripheral chemoreceptors detect changes in. Blood pressure Cerebrospinal fluid pH Blood carbon dioxide saturation Blood pH Blood oxygen saturation

Blood carbon dioxide saturation Blood pH Blood oxygen saturation

Which term refers to the portion of the lung ventilated by one tertiary bronchus? Alveolus Bronchopulmonary segment Lobe Pulmonary lobule

Bronchopulmonary segment

When carbon dioxide reacts with water, what does it form? Carbonic acid Carbon monoxide Lactic acid Acetic acid

Carbonic acid

Where are central chemoreceptors concentrated? Each side of the medulla oblongata Ventricles of the brain Central canal of the spinal cord

Each side of the medulla oblongata

Select all that apply Select two examples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the list below. Dyspnea Emphysema Pulmonary edema Chronic bronchitis

Emphysema Chronic bronchitis

Which muscles are used for inspiration? Internal intercostals, rectus abdominis, sternocleidomastoid Sternocleidomastoid, external oblique, rectus abdominis External intercostals, external oblique, scalenes External intercostals, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes

External intercostals, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes

Which term refers to the volume of air (or percentage of the vital capacity) that can be exhaled in a specific amount of time? Forced expiratory volume Tidal volume Expiratory reserve volume Inspiratory reserve volume

Forced expiratory volume

Which law states that the amount of gas dissolved in water is determined by its solubility in the fluid and the partial pressure of the gas in the surrounding air. Starling's Dalton's Henry's Boyle's

Henry's

In systemic gas exchange, carbon dioxide loading releases what in the erythrocyte? Calcium ions Hydrogen ions Chloride ions

Hydrogen ions

Which are squamous cells, primarily responsible for forming the respiratory membrane of the lung? Chondrocytes Type I alveolar cells Alveolar macrophages Type II alveolar cells

Type I alveolar cells

Which are cuboidal cells that are responsible for producing pulmonary surfactant and facilitating repair within the lung? Type I alveolar cells Chondrocytes Alveolar macrophages Type II alveolar cells

Type II alveolar cells

As the thoracic cavity expands, the visceral pleura clings to the parietal pleura, and the surface of the lung is pulled outward. Why does this increase in lung volume cause inspiration? Intrapleural pressure is temporarily higher than atmospheric pressure. Intrapulmonary pressure is temporarily lower than atmospheric pressure. Intrapulmonary pressure is temporarily lower than intrapleural pressure. Intrapulmonary pressure is temporarily higher than atmospheric pressure.

Intrapulmonary pressure is temporarily lower than atmospheric pressure.

Which best describes the action of carbonic anhydrase? It converts carbonic acid into carbon dioxide and water which are then transported into red blood cells. It converts carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid which dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. It binds carbon dioxide to hemoglobin forming carbaminohemoglobin. It binds bicarbonate to hemoglobin as a buffer.

It converts carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid which dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.

According to Boyle's law, if lung volume increases, what happens to their internal pressure? It does not change. It increases. It decreases.

It decreases.

What happens to free carbon dioxide from blood that diffuses into alveoli? It is exhaled. It moves back into the blood. It is inhaled.

It is exhaled.

What happens to free carbon dioxide from blood that diffuses into alveoli? It is inhaled. It is exhaled. It moves back into the blood.

It is exhaled.

Which of these occurs during exhalation? Lung volumes increase and intrapulmonary pressure increases. Lung volumes decrease, intrapulmonary pressure decreases. Lung volumes decrease and intrapulmonary pressure increases. Lung volumes remain constant and air expands.

Lung volumes decrease and intrapulmonary pressure increases.

Select all that apply Choose all the locations that contain the brainstem respiratory centers. Corpora quadrigemina Medulla oblongata Fornix Pons

Medulla oblongata Pons

Select all that apply Choose all that are components of the upper respiratory tract. Alveoli Trachea Nasal cavity Larynx Pharynx Bronchi

Nasal cavity Larynx Pharynx

Which is the portion of the pharynx found superior to the soft palate at the back of the oral cavity? Laryngopharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx

Nasopharynx

Which process is facilitated by the elastic components of the lungs and bronchial tree? Mucociliary escalator Forced inhalation Normal exhalation Valsalva maneuver

Normal exhalation

Select all that apply Which two terms describe the anterior openings of the nasal cavity? Select two answers from the list below. Nostrils Vestibule Choanae Nares

Nostrils Nares

Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) promotes which of the following? Carbon dioxide unloading Carbon dioxide loading Oxygen loading Oxygen unloading

Oxygen unloading

Elevated temperature promote which of the following? Oxygen unloading Oxygen loading

Oxygen unloading

Which segment of the respiratory system extends from the choanae to the larynx and functions as a passageway for air, food, and drink? Pharynx Trachea Larynx Esophagus

Pharynx

What is the serous membrane that encloses each lung? Peritoneum Meninx Pericardium Pleura

Pleura

Besides keeping food out of the airway, the larynx is also responsible for which of the following? Filtering the air Absorbing oxygen Detecting odors Producing speech

Producing speech

Select all that apply Choose all the features that are associated with the tracheal epithelium. Pseudostratified columnar cells Cilia Goblet cells Mucous Stratified squamous tissue Keratin

Pseudostratified columnar cells Cilia Goblet cells Mucous

Which term describes the ease with which lung tissue expands during breathing? Compartmentalization Angiogenesis Pulmonary compliance Ventilation-perfusion coupling

Pulmonary compliance

An inactive person, unconscious of their respiratory rate, is performing which type of breathing? Forced Deep Quiet Clavicular

Quiet

What is the correct formula for calculating total lung capacity? Vital capacity + anatomic dead space Anatomic dead space+residual volume +vital capacity Residual volume+tidal volume+vital capacity Residual volume+vital capacity

Residual volume+vital capacity

The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs are the principal organs of which system? Digestive Respiratory Reproductive Integumentary Urinary

Respiratory

Where does the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood occur? Upper respiratory tract Respiratory division Conducting division

Respiratory division

The barrier between alveolar air and blood is called the what? Lung-blood barrier Respiratory membrane Endothelium

Respiratory membrane

Which type of lung disorder decreases pulmonary compliance and thereby decreases vital capacity? Valvular Restrictive Apnea Obstructive

Restrictive

The pleurae are which type of membrane? . Serous Cutaneous Synovial Mucous

Serous

What do the synergist muscles of respiration do? Stiffen the rib cage during respiration Pull diaphragm downward Stiffen abdominal muscles during respiration

Stiffen the rib cage during respiration

When do vocal folds produce sound? When skeletal muscles pull on them When air passes between them When fluids pass between them

When air passes between them

A general term for a drop in the pH of blood below 7.35 is ________

acidosis

A blood pH of 7.55 is called ______. alkalosis acidosis

alkalosis

The back-and-forth movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the respiratory membrane is called _________ gas exchange.

alveolar

The cartilages that are posterior to the thyroid cartilage are two ________ cartilages.

arytenoid

The posterior nasal apertures are also called the ______. nostrils conchae nares choanae

choanae

The tracheal lumen is lined with epithelial cells that have hairlike structures called ______. The upward beating of these structures moves the abundant mucus upward toward the pharynx. cilia flagella microvilli

cilia

The passages of the respiratory system that serve only for airflow are called the ___________- zone.

conducting

Along with the arytenoid cartilage, the ______ cartilages are also involved in movement of the vocal folds. thyroid corniculate cricoid epiglottic

corniculate

The pair of cartilages that support the soft tissues between the arytenoids and the epiglottis are the _____________ cartilages.

cuneiform

The total atmospheric pressure is a total of the contributions of the individual gases is a principal known as_________ law.

dalton's

Hemoglobin that is not bound to oxygen is called _____. myoglobin oxyhemoglobin deoxyhemoglobin

deoxyhemoglobin

The respiratory group that modifies the basic respiratory rhythm is the ____________ respiratory group.

dorsal

Movement of air out of the lungs is called ______. inspiration expiration reflexive coughing apnea

expiration

Intrapleural pressure is always greater than atmospheric pressure. True false

false Reason: Intrapleural pressure is always slightly negative relative to atmospheric pressure. If intrapleural pressure were greater than atmospheric pressure, the lungs would collapse.

The volume of anatomical dead space cannot be changed and does not vary with circumstances within a given individual. True false

false Reason: The anatomical dead space is the total volume of the conducting airways, where gas exchange does not occur. This volume can change. For example, the sympathetic nervous system dilates the airways during exercise.

A person expelling air while yelling is performing which type of breathing? Eupneal Forced Passive Quiet

forced

Deoxygenated blood can carry more carbon dioxide, whereas oxygenated blood has a lower carbon dioxide carrying capacity. This phenomenon is known as the________effect.

haldane

Insufficient oxygen levels in a tissue is called _____

hypoxia

Which term refers to a deficiency of oxygen in a tissue? Cyanosis Hypocapnia Hypoxemia Hypoxia

hypoxia

The pressure between the parietal and visceral pleurae is called ________ pressure.

intrapleural

The portion of the pharynx that extends from the superior margin of the epiglottis to the inferior margin of the cricoid cartilage is the ____________

laryngopharynx

More than half of the body's blood platelets are made by megakaryocytes in the ______. lungs pancreas liver spleen

lungs

The upward movement of cilia helps to move mucus up the trachea to the pharynx where it is swallowed. This system of cleaning out trapped debris is called the __________ escalator of the trachea.

mucociliary

Which is another word for nostrils? Choanae Posterior apertures Nares

nares

Evidence suggests that ventilation increases more quickly in response to high levels of CO2 than it does to low levels of O2 in the blood. True false

true Reason: Arterial PCO2 has a strong influence on respiratory rate, both directly and indirectly through the production of H+.

When the diaphragm contracts and lung volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure drops. True false

true Reason: When lung volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure drops. This will pull air into the lungs.

The chloride shift allows RBCs to continue to produce carbonic acid. True false

true Reason: Carbonic acid formed in the cell dissociates to form bicarbonate. RBCs pump out bicarbonate in exchange for chloride (the "chloride shift"). Exporting bicarbonate keeps the pathway working.

The _____ respiratory group sets the basal respiratory rate which may then be adjusted by commands from the pontine and/or dorsal respiratory groups. ventral dorsal

ventral

The sum of the expiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and inspiratory reserve volume is the ___________ capacity.

vital

Which section of the pharynx acts as a passageway for air, but not for food? Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

Nasopharynx

Which term refers to the most superior portion of the pharynx, posterior to the nasal cavity, and extending to the soft palate? Epiglottis Laryngopharynx Oropharynx Nasopharynx

Nasopharynx

Which term refers to the most superior portion of the pharynx, posterior to the nasal cavity, and extending to the soft palate? Epiglottis Oropharynx Nasopharynx Laryngopharynx

Nasopharynx

Which gas has the greatest partial pressure in inspired air? Water vapor Oxygen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Nitrogen

Nitrogen

Which term refers to the exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) that occurs in the capillary networks between the blood and the body's cells? Systemic gas exchange Ventilation Cellular respiration Alveolar gas exchange

Systemic gas exchange

Which term refers to the volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation? Residual volume Expiratory reserve volume Tidal volume Inspiratory reserve volume

Residual volume

Which term refers to the volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation? Tidal volume Residual volume Expiratory reserve volume Inspiratory reserve volume

Residual volume

Dalton's Law states which of the following? The volume of a given quantity of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. At a constant temperature, the amount of gas that dissolves in water is determined by its solubility and its partial pressure. The total atmospheric pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases present. The pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a given temperature.

The total atmospheric pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases present.

Which structures do not function in the production of speech, but instead is primarily responsible for closing the larynx during swallowing? Tracheal cartilages Vestibular folds Vocal cords Vocal ligaments

Vestibular folds

Which term refers to the layer of serous membrane that covers the lung surface? Visceral peritoneum Parietal pleura Parietal pericardium Visceral pleura

Visceral pleura

The maximum ability to ventilate the lungs in one breath is which of the following? Vital capacity Inspiratory capacity Total lung volume Expiratory reserve volume

Vital capacity

The cardiac notch is the indentation located on the ______ surface of the left lung that accommodates the heart. posterior medial lateral

medial

The exchange of bicarbonate ions out of a red blood cells for chloride ions from the blood plasma is called the chloride ________

shift

Normal expiration is an energy-saving passive process that is facilitated by which of the following? Smoothness of intercostal muscles Elasticity of the lungs Rigidity of the rib cage

Elasticity of the lungs

What structure of the medulla oblongata and pons contain respiratory centers? Pyramids Lemnisci Corpora quadrigemina Reticular formation

Reticular formation

Aspirated objects that enter the trachea are more likely to lodge in which primary bronchus? Left Right

Right

Which term refers to the inferior portion of the pharynx which extends from the epiglottis to the esophagus? Laryngopharynx Nasopharynx Larynx Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

Which choice lists the respiratory structures in the order of airflow as air it enters the lung? Respiratory bronchiole, primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus Terminal bronchiole, tertiary bronchus, secondary bronchus, primary bronchus Secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole Primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, respiratory bronchiole, terminal bronchiole

Secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole

Which cells secrete surfactant? Alveolar type II cells Alveolar type I cells Dust cells

Alveolar type II cells

Gas exchange between the air and the blood occurs in which of the following? Tertiary bronchi Trachea Terminal bronchiole Alveoli Secondary bronchiole

Alveoli

Which term refers to the conducting zones of the respiratory system because they are incapable of gas exchange? Anatomical dead space Forced expiratory volume Physiological dead space Expiratory reserve volume

Anatomical dead space

Which term refers to an acid-base imbalance in which the blood pH is lower than 7.35? Alkalosis Acidosis Anemia Apnea

Acidosis

What is the role of the pontine (pneumotaxic) respiratory group? Adjusts respiratory rate based on stimuli from peripheral chemoreceptors Sets basal respiratory rate Adjusts respiratory rate based on stimuli from limbic system or cerebral cortex

Adjusts respiratory rate based on stimuli from limbic system or cerebral cortex

What is the role of the dorsal respiratory group? Sets basal respiratory rate Adjusts respiratory rate based on stimuli from limbic system or cerebral cortex Adjusts respiratory rate based on stimuli from peripheral chemoreceptors

Adjusts respiratory rate based on stimuli from peripheral chemoreceptors

Where is the trachea located? Lateral to the mediastinum Anterior to the esophagus Posterior to the esophagus Superior to the larynx

Anterior to the esophagus

Which of the paired cartilages of the larynx articulate with the cricoid cartilage? Cuneiform Corniculate Arytenoid Thyroid

Arytenoid

Where does systemic gas exchange occur? At the capillary networks of the tissues In the trachea Mitochondrion Across the respiratory membrane

At the capillary networks of the tissues

Why does air flow into the lungs during inspiration? Intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure, and air flows toward higher pressure regions. Pressure is the same in the atmosphere and in the lungs. Resistance increases in the lungs during inspiration, and air always takes the pathway with the greatest resistance. Atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure, and air flows toward the lower pressure area.

Atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure, and air flows toward the lower pressure area.

Carbon dioxide is transported in different forms in the blood. What is the most common form? Bicarbonate ion Carboxyhemoglobin Carbaminohemoglobin Dissolved gas

Bicarbonate ion

Select all that apply Choose all that are components of the lower respiratory tract. Pharynx Bronchi Trachea Nasal cavity Larynx Alveoli

Bronchi Trachea Alveoli

Oxygen is unloaded in the body tissues because the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is lower in the systemic capillaries (compared to its affinity in the alveolar capillaries). Which factor contributes to this? Carbaminohemoglobin can only be formed in the lungs. Hemoglobin unloads more oxygen at lower temperatures. CO2 produced in the peripheral tissues leads to increased H+ concentration. PO2 is higher in the peripheral tissues.

CO2 produced in the peripheral tissues leads to increased H+ concentration.

Select all that apply Which are examples of obstructive lung disorders? Black lung disease Tuberculosis Chronic bronchitis Asthma

Chronic bronchitis Asthma

Which zone of the respiratory system serves only for airflow? It is incapable of gas exchange between the air and the circulatory system. Respiratory zone Conducting zone

Conducting zone

Which are paired, horn-shaped cartilages that articulate with the arytenoid cartilages? Cuneiform cartilages Thyroid cartilages Cricoid cartilages Corniculate cartilages

Corniculate cartilages

Alveolar macrophages are also called what? Dust cells Surfactant cells Alveolar type I cells

Dust cells

What is the role of the epiglottis? Covers the glottis when swallowing Covers the glottis when breathing Covers the posterior nasal aperture when breathing Covers the esophagus when breathing

Covers the glottis when swallowing

The thyroid cartilage and which other cartilage form the "box" of the voice box? Arytenoid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Epiglottic cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

Which ring-shaped cartilage forms the inferior part of the voice box? Cricoid cartilage Corniculate cartilages Thyroid cartilage Arytenoid cartilages

Cricoid cartilage

Which is a paired laryngeal cartilage that is not involved in movement of the vocal folds? Corniculate Cuneiform Cricoid Thyroid Arytenoid

Cuneiform

Which muscle (or muscle group) is the prime mover of respiration, producing about two-thirds of pulmonary airflow? Diaphragm Scalene muscles Erector spinae Intercostal muscles

Diaphragm

Select all that apply Which two muscles (or muscle groups) are primarily responsible for resting (non-forced) inspiration? Choose two answers from the list below. Sternocleidomastoid Diaphragm Rectus abdominis Pectoralis major and minor Intercostals Scalenes

Diaphragm Intercostals

Select all that apply Choose all that are factors that affect the position of the epiglottis during swallowing. Downward movement of the larynx Elevation of the trachea Elevation of the larynx Movement of the tongue

Elevation of the larynx Movement of the tongue

The law that says that at the air-water interface, for a given temperature, the amount of gas that dissolves in the water is determined by its solubility in water and its partial pressure in the air is called ________ law.

Henry's

Peripheral chemoreceptors trigger an increase in ventilation in response to which of the following? High levels of blood O2 High levels of blood CO2 Low levels of blood CO2 High blood pH values

High levels of blood CO2

Where does carbonic anhydrase carry out its action? Inside red blood cells Inside white blood cells In blood plasma

Inside red blood cells

In a healthy individual, which of these volumes would have the greatest numerical value? Tidal volume Expiratory reserve volume Residual volume Inspiratory reserve volume

Inspiratory reserve volume

Which muscle (or muscle group) aids the diaphragm as a synergist during resting respiration? Internal and external intercostals Sternocleidomastoid Erector spinae Pectoralis major and minor

Internal and external intercostals

Select all that apply Choose all the areas that provide input to the pontine respiratory group. Pineal gland Limbic system Hypothalamus Cerebellar cortex Cerebral cortex

Limbic system Hypothalamus Cerebral cortex

Which term refers to the portion of the lung ventilated by one secondary bronchus? Pulmonary lobule Bronchopulmonary segment Alveolus Lobe

Lobe

Select all that apply Which two factors facilitate systemic unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin in the peripheral tissues? Select two answers from the list below. Cooler temperatures Lower PO2 in tissue fluid Binding of hydrogen ions to hemoglobin Active transport of O2 out of the blood stream

Lower PO2 in tissue fluid Binding of hydrogen ions to hemoglobin

How many primary bronchi serve the right lung? One Two Three Four

One

Which describes the respiratory cycle? Volume exhaled during quiet breathing Rhythmic contraction of the diaphragm Exchange of gases across the alveolar membranes One complete inspiration and expiration

One complete inspiration and expiration

Select all that apply Choose the components of a respiratory membrane. One shared basement membrane Type II (great) alveolar cell Two separate basement membranes Endothelial cell of capillary Type I (squamous) alveolar cell

One shared basement membrane Endothelial cell of capillary Type I (squamous) alveolar cell

Which term refers to the pressure that each individual gas in a mixture would exert if the other gases were not present? Oncotic pressure Atmospheric pressure Partial pressure Colloid pressure

Partial pressure

During inhalation, air flows from the nasal cavity directly into which of the following? Larynx Bronchi Pharynx Trachea

Pharynx

Select all that apply Choose all that are functions of the respiratory system. Supplies the body with oxygen Functions in vocalization and speech Plays a role in regulating blood pressure Assists in the removal of carbon dioxide Influences calcium metabolism

Supplies the body with oxygen Functions in vocalization and speech Plays a role in regulating blood pressure Assists in the removal of carbon dioxide

What is the final branch of the conducting division? Tertiary bronchus Terminal bronchiole Segmental bronchus Respiratory bronchiole

Terminal bronchiole

What airway supplies air to a single bronchopulmonary segment of the lung? Secondary bronchus Tertiary bronchus Bronchiole Primary bronchus

Tertiary bronchus

Select all that apply Choose all the hormones that promote oxygen delivery to tissues by stimulating bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) synthesis. Inhibin Testosterone Gastrin Thyroxine Epinephrine Growth hormone

Testosterone Thyroxine Epinephrine Growth hormone

Which best describes the expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? The amount of air that can be exhaled in a given time interval. The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration. The amount of air that may be exhaled over the tidal volume The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet breathing

The amount of air that may be exhaled over the tidal volume

Which best describes what happens during exhalation? The diaphragm contracts, intrapulmonary pressure increases, air flows out The diaphragm relaxes, intrapulmonary pressure increases, air flows out The diaphragm relaxes, intrapulmonary pressure decreases, air flows out The diaphragm contracts, intrapulmonary pressure decreases, air flows out

The diaphragm relaxes, intrapulmonary pressure increases, air flows out

Boyle's Law states which of the following? The pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature. The total atmospheric pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases present. At a constant temperature, the amount of gas that dissolves in water is determined by its solubility and its partial pressure. The volume of a given quantity of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

The pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature.

Which best summarizes the Bohr effect? Excessive inflation of the lungs will temporarily inhibit the I neurons and stop inspiration. The rate of CO2 loading into the blood is increased in metabolically active tissues. The rate of O2 unloading is increased in metabolically active tissues due to increased acidity. More O2 will dissolve in the blood at higher pressures.

The rate of O2 unloading is increased in metabolically active tissues due to increased acidity.

Which statement is true about vestibular folds? They are superior to vocal folds. They are the same thing as vocal folds. They are inferior to vocal folds.

They are superior to vocal folds.

During inspiration, what is happening to the ribs? They remain stiff and do not change their position. They are swinging up. They are going down.

They are swinging up.

Which is true regarding a person with asthma? They will have a higher forced expiratory volume than a person without asthma. They will have a lower forced expiratory volume than a person without asthma. They will have the same forced expiratory volume as a person without asthma.

They will have a lower forced expiratory volume than a person without asthma.

The laryngeal cartilage that is named for its shield-like shape is which of the following? Thyroid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Cricoid cartilage

Thyroid cartilage

Which term refers to the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during one cycle of quiet breathing? Tidal volume Residual volume Expiratory reserve volume Inspiratory reserve volume

Tidal volume

What is the role of the nasal conchae? To ensure that inspired air comes into contact with mucus To exchange gasses with the bloodstream To restrict the flow of air through the nasal cavity To provide an open passage way for air within the nose

To ensure that inspired air comes into contact with mucus

Select all that apply Choose all that are functions of the larynx. To produce sound To keep food and drink out of the airway To absorb atmospheric oxygen To detect odors

To produce sound To keep food and drink out of the airway

Pulmonary compliance is reduced in which of the following? Tuberculosis patients Adolescents and children Women Athletes

Tuberculosis patients

When do expiratory neurons of the ventral respiratory group fire? Expiratory neurons fire all the time. When inhibitory neurons do not fire When inhibitory neurons fire

When inhibitory neurons do not fire

When do vocal cords produce low pitched sounds? When they are fully abducted. When they are relaxed. When they vibrate more rapidly. When they are taut.

When they are relaxed.

The system that supplies the body with oxygen and expels carbon dioxide by the rhythmic intake and expulsion of air is the ______ system. lymphatic cardiovascular respiratory digestive

respiratory