McKay, A History of Western Society for AP®, 11e, Chapter 13

predestination

The teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works.

Edict of Nantes

A document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists, which helped restore peace in France.

indulgence

A document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory, widely believed to bring forgiveness of all sins.

Huguenots

French Calvinists.

Jesuits

Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith.

Protestant

The name originally given to Lutherans, which came to mean all non-Catholic Western Christian groups.

Holy Office

The official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrinal heresy.

The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Calvin's formulation of Christian doctrine, which became a systematic theology for Protestantism.

politiques

Catholic and Protestant moderates who held that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse.

anticlericalism

Opposition to the clergy.

Union of Utrecht

The alliance of seven northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands.

Spanish Armada

The fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade against Protestantism. Weather and the English fleet defeated it.