Med 112 - Chapter 1 & 2

Drug Standards

Federally approved requirements for the specified strength, quality, and purity of drugs.

Solo Practice

One practitioner works alone in a small office

A medical assistant looks in a reference book to determine whether a particular drug is a controlled substance. What is the MOST authoritative standard for officially approved drugs in the United States? a. USP/NF b. DEA c. OBRA d. FDA

USP/NF

A health care practitioner is collecting information on a new client and compiles a current medication list. What should he know about trade names for drugs? a. The trade name is the common name assigned for a drug. b. The trade name is the official name as it appears in the official reference, the USP/NF. c. While there is only one generic name, there may be many trade names for the same drug. d. The trade name is the exact chemical formula of the drug.

While there is only one generic name, there may be many trade names for the same drug.

Records of each controlled substance dispensed, received, or destroyed at the facility where you work must be available for review for what time period? a. 3 years b. 2 years c. 7 years d. 1 year

2 years

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

A bureau of the Department of Justice that enforces the Controlled Substances Act.

When being discharged from an orthopedic clinic, a client is directed to take an over-the-counter (OTC) anti-inflammatory medication. The client asks the health care practitioner for more information about the OTC drug. How should he respond? a. An OTC drug always requires a prescription. b. An OTC drug is always cheaper than other types of drugs. c. An OTC drug has no purchasing restrictions by the U.S. FDA. d. An OTC drug is a medicine that make be taken by anyone.

An OTC drug has no purchasing restrictions by the U.S. FDA

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

An agency within the Department of Health and Human Services that enforces the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and amendments of 1951 and 1962

The medical assistant knows that Ritalin is a C-II controlled substance. She explains to her client that C-II medications have what level of potential for abuse? a. C-II medications may lead to limited dependence. b. C-II medications have a high abuse potential and may lead to severe dependence. c. C-II medications have the lowest abuse potential of all controlled substances. d. C-II medications are safe to take as the client sees fit.

C-II medications have a high abuse potential and may lead to severe dependence.

An athlete requests a prescription for an anabolic steroid (C-III) from her physician. How often can a prescription for a C-III drug be refilled? a. C-III drugs may be refilled at the discretion of the physician and state regulations. b. C-III drugs may be refilled up to five times in six months. c. C-III drugs are not approved for medical use in the United States. d. C-III drugs can only be refilled with a new written prescription.

C-III drugs may be refilled up to five times in six months

An office manager is discussing the prescription policy to her client for some possible medications. Which drug, according to its classification, requires a new written prescription for a refill? a. Codeine (C-II) b. Codeine with Tylenol (C-III) c. Promethazine with codeine (C-V) d. Valium (C-IV)

Codeine C-II

Laboratory

Collects, receives, and analyzes specimens

A pharmaceutical representative visits the primary care physicians' offices in a community to discuss recently developed medications. What does the 1983 Orphan Drug Act give pharmaceutical companies the financial incentive to do? a. Develop medications requested by the local community b. Develop medication for orphaned children c. Develop medications for diseases that affect only a small number of people d. Give samples to health clinics

Develop medications for diseases that affect only a small number of people

Upon leaving the exam room, a client tells her health care practitioner that she is confused regarding her prescription. She asks if a cheaper, generic drug will be weaker than her current prescription. How should the health care practitioner respond? a. Drug standards assure consumers that the same drug must be of uniform strength, quality, and purity. b. The prescribed medication is of better quality but will cost more c. The insurance companies mandate the different strengths d. Every drug has a different chemical composition that cannot be duplicated.

Drug standards assure consumers that the same drug must be of uniform strength, quality, and purity.

controlled substances

Drugs controlled by additional prescription requirement because of the danger of addiction or abuse.

Orphan drugs

Drugs or biological products used for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a rare disease or condition, that is, one affecting less than the 200,000 persons in the United States, or greater than 200,000 persons where the cost of developing the drug is probably not recoverable in the United States.

An older adult client is reluctant to take any prescribed medications and questions her health care practitioner about the production process and safety of her medications. How should the health care practitioner respond? a. Most medications are made outside the United States. b. Insurance carriers set the parameters for drug manufacturing. c. Pharmaceutical companies follow their own guidelines. d. Federal laws require all drugs marketed in the United States to meet the minimal standards of strength, purity, and quality.

Federal laws require all drugs marketed in the United States to meet the minimal standards of strength, purity, and quality.

In an introductory course, an instructor explains drug classifications to first-year students. Which of the following is NOT a drug classification? a. Heparin b. Diuretic c. Antacid d. Analgesic

Heparin

A student is using the Internet for her research. Which of the following is NOT true of Internet research? a. Check the source and reliability of any studies published on the Internet. b. Check the date of all articles you reference, because medicine is rapidly evolving. c. Internet sources are considered to be reliable sources of information. d. Be cautious of information from forums and testimonials.

Internet sources are considered to be reliable sources of information.

A client in an emergency room of a hospital is admitted for complaints of chest pains. Upon evaluation, the client states that he used heroin earlier in the day. What should you know about heroin? a. It can be dispensed by pain management specialists. b. It can only be obtained illegally in the United States. c. It can be obtained legally through alternative medicine practitioners. d. It can be dispensed to clients in critical care units.

It can only be obtained illegally in the United States.

A health care practitioner is speaking at a health fair about the differences in trade name and generic name drugs. How would she describe a generic drug? a. It is the name of a drug classification. b. It is the exact molecular formula of the drug. c. It is the common or general name assigned to the drug by the U.S. Adopted Name Council. d. It is a product identified by the pharmaceutical company.

It is the common or general name assigned to the drug by the U.S. Adopted Name Council.

An older adult client is concerned about whether her prescription hormone medication is safe to take. The health care practitioner knows that the medication is a legend drug. What can the health care practitioner tell her client about the drug? a. If a legend drug has been prescribed, it is guaranteed to be safe. b. Legend drugs are unsafe for OTC use because of harmful side effects if taken indiscriminately. c. Legend drugs require no warning labels. d. Legend drugs can be dispensed without a prescription.

Legend drugs are unsafe for OTC use because of harmful side effects if taken indiscriminately.

Clinic

Offers broad range of specialties and sophisticated testing equipment

A client asks why pharmacists must offer counseling before dispensing medication. The office manager explains that this is required by which act? a. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act b. Omnibus Budget Reconcilation Act c. The Controlled Substances Act d. The Pure Food and Drug Act

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

The FDA, under the direction of the Department of Health and Human Services, mandates which of the following? a. All labels must include a listing of active ingredients; some labels require a listing of inactive ingredients as well. b. All new products must be tested by the FDA before being released to the public. c. Prescription and nonprescription drugs must be shown to be effective as well as safe. d. All drugs must have "warning" labels.

Prescription and nonprescription drugs must be shown to be effective as well as safe

The office assistant is explaining the use of prescription pads to a new employee. What is a good guideline to follow regarding prescription pads? a. Prescription pads should be kept in a locked or secure area when not being used. b. There are no established guidelines regarding prescription pads. c. Prescription pads should be easily accessible to health care providers for distribution to clients. d. Prescription pads are distributed in limited numbers to each provider.

Prescription pads should be kept in a locked or secure area when not being used.

Hospital

Provides 24-hour acute care and treatment for the sick and injured

National Drug Code (NDC) Directory

Provides the FDA with a list of all drugs manufactured for commercial distribution.

Urgent Care Center

Provides walk-in primary and minor emergency care

An instructor is explaining the roles of the FDA and DEA in setting standards for drug control. What area does the FDA control? a. Concerned with controlled substances only b. Enforces laws against drug activities, including illegal drug use, dealing and manufacturing c. Monitors the need for changing the schedules of abused drugs d. Responsible for the approval and removal of products on the market

Responsible for the approval and removal of products on the market

The office assistant discusses the use of a newly marketed orthopedic device to a client. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the safety of the device? a. The device is safe to use because a number of clients have used it. b. The FDA ensures basic standards prior to allowing any drug or new product to be marketed. c. The manufacturing company is responsible for ensuring the safety of a device before distributing it to the public. d. The Drug Enforcement Administration handles all the safety requirements of new products.

The FDA ensures basic standards prior to allowing any drug or new product to be marketed.

A client calls her health care practitioner's office to ask about a label on a new prescription bottle that has a warning about drowsiness. What does the office manager know about prescription labels? a. Health care practitioners are required to give the pharmacy appropriate warnings. b. The FDA regulations mandate that all prescriptions must include a listing of all active and inactive ingredients, and that certain preparations must include warning labels. c. The label is a recommendation provided by the pharmacy. d. The DEA enforces the use of warning labels for all medications.

The FDA regulations mandate that all prescriptions must include a listing of all active and inactive ingredients, and that certain preparations must include warning labels.

A client asks her health care practitioner if there are any regulations concerning nonprescription medicines. The health care practitioner explains that nonprescription medicines are governed by which act? a. The Controlled Substance Act b. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act c. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act d. The Pure Food and Drug Act

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

Which of the following was the first federal regulation established for consumer protection in the manufacturing of drugs and food? a. The Pure Food and Drug Act b. The Controlled Substance Act c. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act d. The Foods and Drug Administration

The Pure Food and Drug Act

The client has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism and is given a prescription for the medication Synthroid. The prescription contains the letters "DAW". What does this abbreviation mean? a. The abbreviation indicates the prescription should be dispensed with no substitutes, as written. b. The abbreviation indicates that the prescription should not be dispensed with the trade name. c. The abbreviation indicates that the prescription should be dispensed as a generic drug only. d. The abbreviation indicates that the generic formula should be substituted.

The abbreviation indicates the prescription should be dispensed with no substitutes, as written

A client asks the health care practitioner when her prescription will be available at a lower cost generically. What information might the health care practitioner share with the client? a. The drug company has exclusive rights to market the drug for 17 years. b. The drug will be available generically when the insurance companies give preauthorization to change the price. c. The drug will be available generically after the first year of use under the trade name. d. The drug will be available generically when the drug is added to the official reference books.

The drug company has exclusive rights to market the drug for 17 years.

A pharmacology student is looking up a medication in a drug reference resource. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding drug names in a reference book? a. The official name is the trade name. b. The trade name is designated by an initial lowercase letter. c. The generic name is designated by an initial capitalized letter. d. The generic name is designated by an initial lowercase letter.

The generic name is designated by an initial lowercase letter

The health care practitioner is preparing to dispense a medication to a client who is pregnant and has checked for contraindications. What does the term "contraindications" mean? a. The medication is safe to use. b. The medication should not be given. c. The medication may be prescribed. d. The medication may cause a side effect.

The medication should not be given.

During the discharge of a college student from the dental clinic, the client asks the health care practitioner about the number designated on the pain-relief prescription. How would the health care practitioner respond? a. The number refers to the amount of one of the generic components. b. The number represents the number of tablets dispensed. c. The number refers to the most potent quantity of the drug. d. The number is for pharmacy records only.

The number refers to the amount of one of the generic components.

A client asks the office assistant about the relative danger of various drugs. She explains that the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) classifies drugs that can be abused or are addictive into categories or schedules. Which of the following is NOT a factor when classifying the schedule of a particular drug? a. The harmfulness of the drug b. The potential cost to produce the drug c. The medical value of the drug d. The potential for abuse or addiction

The potential cost to produce the drug

A client with diabetes is started on a new medication. The client asks the health care practitioner why there are two names on a single prescription. How could the health care practitioner respond? a. The prescription is a combination of the same drug at different concentrations. b. The prescription includes a filler that is added to the generic drug. c. The prescription is a combination of several generic names in one medication. d. The prescription is a combination of a generic and a trade brand.

The prescription is a combination of several generic names in one medication.

A client visits her health care practitioner for her annual physical. She questions the office staff regarding the use of an herbal supplement that she saw advertised on television for weight loss. What information can the health care practitioner share with her client? a. Herbal medicines are tested by the FDA to determine if they have interactions with prescribed medications. b. Under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), the FDA is responsible for ensuring that a dietary supplement is safe before it is marketed. c. The production of herbal medicines is not regulated by the FDA. d. Herbal medicines, while not approved by the FDA, are considered harmless.

The production of herbal medicines is not regulated by the FDA

A health care practitioner is explaining the concept of medications to a curious young client. How should he define the term pharmacology? a. The prototype of a drug that typifies the characteristic of that classification b. The comparison of drug classifications c. The trade name of a drug d. The study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties, and effects on living organisms

The study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties, and effects on living organisms

A student is preparing for her medication exam. What does she need to understand about drug classifications? a. The cost to the consumer b. Therapeutic uses and the effects on the body c. The generic name d. The trade name

Therapeutic uses and the effects on the body

Why is it important for health care practitioners to keep a current drug reference available? a. To establish pricing b. To identify controlled substances c. To document prescription histories d. To use for patient education

To identify controlled substances

Associate practice

Two or more practitioners share office expenses and employees but not revenue

Group Practice

Two or more practitioners share office space, employees, and income.

A licensed practical nurse is unsure of a drug name prescribed for her client. What is the best course of action in this situation? a. Defer to the client. b. Administer the drug. c. Use a drug reference resource. d. Ask a colleague for advice.

Use a drug reference resource.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medication

medication available without a prescription