Med Surg 1 Chapter 44 Harrison College 2017

Large Intestine

The portion of the GI tract into which waste material from the small intestine passes as absorption continues & elimination begins Consists of several parts: ascending segment, sigmoid colon, & rectum Also known as colon

Digestive Action of Lipase

Triglycerides to fatty acids Diglycerides Monoglycerides

A patient scheduled for a Hemoccult II should be instructed to avoid red meat for 72 hours prior to the test.

True

Chyme, which is partially digested food mixed with gastric secretions, can stay in the small intestine for up to 24 hours allowing for continued breakdown & absorption of nutrients.

True

Decreased gastric motility & decreased intestinal transit time are age-related changes that occur in the gastrointestinal tract.

True

Preparation of a patient for a barium enema study may begin 48 hours prior to the test.

True

Ptyalin, an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands has a direct effect on the digestion of proteins & fatty acids.

True

Esophagus

collapsible tube connecting the mouth to the stomach in which food passes through

Amylase

digests carbs

Achalasia

Absence of peristalsis of the lower esophagus resulting in difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, & sometimes pain

Intrinsic factor, which is secreted by the gastric mucosa, cannot be absorbed without the presence of vitamin__________.

B12

Mastication

Chewing

Hydrochloric Acid

Digest Fat

Lipase

Digest fat (triglycerides)

Pepsin

Digests protein

Esophageal Reflux (GERD)

Disorder of the esophageal sphincter

Ilium

Distal Section B12 & Bile Salts absorbed

Stomach

Distendible pouch into which the food bolus passes to be digested by gastric enzymes

____________________, an abdominal discomfort associated with eating, is the most common symptom of patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Dyspepsia

Bolus

Food that has been chewed & mixed in the mouth

Source of Hydrochloric Acid

Gastric mucosa

Source of Pepsin

Gastric mucosa

Intrinsic Factor

Gastric secretion that combines with vitamin B12 so that the vitamin can be absorbed

Appendix

Has little to no physiologic function

Bicarbonate

High concentration in pancreatic secretions creating an alkaline pH. Neutralizes the acid entering the duodenum from the stomach. Acts as a neutralizer to acids

Greater than 6 bowel sounds in less than 30 seconds is considered a standard used to document bowel sounds that are ________________________________.

Hyperactive

Dyspepsia

Indigestion

Fibroscopy

Intubation of a part of the GI system with a flexible lighted tube to assist in diagnosis treatment of diseases of that area

Small Intestine

Largest portion of the GI tract consisting of 3 parts: duodenum, jejunum & ilium & continues through which food mixed with all secretions & enzymes passes as it continues to be digested & begins to be absorbed into the blood stream

Anus

Last section of the GI tract Outlet for waste products from the GI system

Jejunum

Middle section Fats, proteins, carbs, sodium, & chloride absorbed

Chyme

Mixture of food with saliva, salivary enzymes, & gastric secretions that is produced as food passes through the mouth, esophagus, & stomach

Duodenum

Most proximal section Nutrients absorbed

Mesenteric Artery

Oxygen & nutrients are supplied to the stomach by the gastric artery

Source of Trypsin

Pancreas

Source of amylase

Pancreas & intestinal mucosa

Digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas include trypsin (aids protein digestion), amylase (aids starch digestion), & ________________________________which aids fat digestion.

Pancreatic lipase

A gastric analysis result that indicates no acid secretion under basal conditions / after stimulation would be consistent with a patient diagnosed with ________________anemia.

Pernicious

Source of Lipase

Pharynx mucosa Pancreas

Elimination

Phase of the digestive process that occurs after digestion & absorption, when waste products are evacuated from the body

Digestion

Phase of the digestive process that occurs when digestive enzymes & secretions mix with ingested food & when proteins, fats, & sugars are broken down into smaller molecules

Ingestion

Phase of the digestive process that occurs when food is taken into the GI tract via the mouth & esophagus

Peristalsis

Propels contents

Digestive Action of Pepsin

Protein to polypeptides

Digestive Action of Hydrochloric Acid

Protein to polypeptides Amino acids

Nausea

Queasiness

Villi

Small finger-like projections that line the entire intestine & function to produce digestive enzymes & absorb nutrients

Amylase digestive action

Starch Dentin Maltose Glucose

Pernicious Anemia

The absence of intrinsic factor Secretes no acid under basal conditions / after stimulation

Trypsin

Digests proteins

Absorption

Phase of the digestive process that occurs when small molecules, vitamins, & minerals pass through the walls of the small & large intestine & into the bloodstream

Digestive Action of Trypsin

Polypeptides Dipeptides Amino Acids