med surg ch 13 electrolyte practice questions

the nurse is caring for a client undergoing alcohol withdrawl. which serum laboratory value should the nurse monitor most closely? a. magnesium b. phosphorus c. calcium d. potassium

a. magnesium

a client experiencing a severe anxiety attack and hyperventilating presents to the emergency department. the nurse would expect the clients pH value to be a. 7.30 b. 7.50 c. 7.35 d. 7.45

b. 7.50

the nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with hyperchloremia. which are signs and symptoms of hyperchloremia? select all that apply. a. lethargy b. hypotension c. weakness d. tachypnea e. dehydration

a. lethargy c. weakness d. tachypnea

the nurse is caring for a client with a metabolic acidosis (pH 7.25). which of the following values is useful to the nurse in determining whether the cause of the acidosis is due to acid gain or to bicarbonate loss? a. anion gap b. bicarbonate level c. PaCO2 d. serum sodium level

a. anion gap

hypokalemmia can cause which symptom to occur? a. excessive thirst b. production of concentrated urine c. decreased sensitivity to digitalis d. increased release of insulin

a. excessive thirst

the nurse is assessing a client for local complications of intravenous therapy. which are local complications? select all that apply. a. hematoma b. infection c. air embolism d. phelbitis e. extravasation

a. hematoma d. phelbitis e. extravasation

which could be a potential cause of respiratory acidosis? a. hypoventilation b. vomiting c. hyperventilation d. diarrhea

a. hypoventilation

the nurse is caring for a client who was admitted with fluid volume excess (FVE). which nursing assessment should the nurse include in the ongoing monitoring of the client? select all that apply a. intake and output, urine volume, and color b. blood pressure, heart rate, and rhythm c. skin assessment for edema and turgor d. nutritional status and diet e. strength testing for muscle wasting

a. intake and output, urine volume, and color b. blood pressure, heart rate, and rhythm c. skin assessment for edema and turgor

which statement accurately reflects a rule of thumb on which the nurse may rely in assessing a client's fluid balance? a. minimal intake of 1.5L/day b. minimal intake of 2L/day c. minimal urine output of 10mL/hr d. minimal urine output of 50mL/hr

a. minimal intake of 1.5L/day

what is a correct route of administration for potassium? a. oral b. intramuscular c. subcutaneous d. IV (intravenous) push

a. oral

the calcium concentration in the blood is regulated by which mechanism? a. parathyroid hormone (PTH) b. androgens c. thyroid hormone (TH) d. adrenal gland

a. parathyroid hormone (PTH)

a client is to receive hypotonic IV solution in order to provide free water replacement. Which solution does the nurse anticipate administering? a. 5% NaCl b. 0.45% NaCl c. 0.9% NaCl d. Lactated Ringer soltuion

b. 0.45% NaCl

what is an insensible mechanism of fluid loss? a. nausea b. breathing c. urination d. bowel elimination

b. breathing

which factor increases blood urea nitrogen (BUN)? a. overhydration b. gastrointestinal bleeding c. hypothermia d. decreased protein intake

b. gastrointestinal bleeding

the nurse is assigned to care for a client with a serum phosphorus concentration of 5.9 mg/dL (1.61 mmol/L). the nurse anticipates that the client will also experience which electrolyte imbalance? a. hyponatremia b. hypocalcemia c. hypermagnesemia d. hyperchloremia

b. hypocalcemia

A client with a magnesium concentration of 2.6 mEq/L (1.3 mmol/L) is being treated on a medical-surgical unit. Which treatment should the nurse anticipate will be used? a. fluid restriction b. intravenous furosemide c. oral magnesium oxide d. dialysis

b. intravenous furosemide

when caring for a client who has risk factors for fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which assessment finding is the highest priority for the nurse to follow up? a. blood pressure 96/53 mmHg b. irregular heart rate c. weight loss of 4lb d. mild confusion

b. irregular heart rate

below which serium sodium concentration might convulsions or coma occur? a. 140 b. 142 c. 135 d. 145

c. 135

the nurse is caring for a client in the intensive care unit (ICU) following a near-drowning event in saltwater. the client is restless, lethargic, and demonstrating tremors. additional assessment findings include swollen and dry tongue, flushed skin, and peripheral edema. the nurse anticipates that the client's serum sodium value would be: a. 135 b. 145 c. 155 d. 125

c. 155

which is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia? a. intravenous drug use b. sedentary lifestyle c. alcoholism d. burns

c. alcoholism

which electrolyte is a major anion in body fluid? a. calcium b. sodium c. chloride d. potassium

c. chloride

which electrolyte is a major cation in body fluid? a. phosphate b. bicarbonate c. potassium d. chloride

c. potassium

what is considered an isotonic solution? a. dextran in normal saline b. 3% NaCl c. 0.45% normal saline d. 0.9% normal saline

d. 0.9% normal saline

what percentage of potassium excreted daily leaves the body by way of the kidneys? a. 60 b. 20 c. 40 d. 80

d. 80

the nurse is caring for a client with a serum sodium concentration of 113 mEq/L (113 mmol/L). the nurse should monitor the client for the development of which condition? a. nausea b. hallucinations c. headache d. confusion

d. confusion

the nurse is caring for a client with a serum potassium concentration of 6.0 mEq/L (6.0 mmol/L). the client is ordered to receive oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate and furosemide. what order order should the nurse anticipate giving? a. increase the rate of the intravenous lactated ringer solution b. change the lactated ringer solution to 2.5% dextrose c. change the lactated ringer solution to 3% saline d. discontinue the intravenous lactated ringer solution

d. discontinue the intravenous lactated ringer solution

early signs of hypervolemia include a. moist breath sounds b. thirst c. decrease in blood pressure d. increased breathing effort and weight gain

d. increased breathing effort and weight gain

which condition might occur with respiratory acidosis? a. decrease pulse b. mental alertness c. decreased blood pressure d. increased intracranial pressure

d. increased intracranial pressure

Oncotic pressure refers to the a. number of dissolved particles contained in a unit of fluid b. amount of pressure needed to stop the flow of water by osmosis c. excretion of substances such as glucose through increased urine output d. osmotic pressure excreted by proteins

d. osmotic pressure excreted by proteins

which solution is hypotonic? a. 0.45% NaCl b. lactated ringer solution c. 0.9% NaCl d. 5% NaCl

a. 0.45% NaCl

when evaluating arterial blood gasses (ABGs), which value is consistent with metabolic alkalosis? a. PaCO2 36 b. HCO3 21 c. O2 sat 95% d. pH 7.48

d. pH 7.48

which condition leads to chronic respiratory acidosis in older adults? a. decreased renal function b. eratic meal patterns c. overuse of sodium bicarbonate d. thoracic skeletal change

d. thoracic skeletal change

the nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bulimia. the client is being treated for a serum potassium concentration of 2.9 mEq/L (2.9 mmol/L). which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching? a. "i can use laxatives and enemas but only once a week" b. "a good breakfast for me will include milk and a couple of bananas" c. "i will take a potassium supplement daily as prescribed" d. " i will be sure to buy frozen vegetables when i grocery shop"

a. "i can use laxatives and enemas but only once a week"

the normal serum value for potassium is: a. 3.5-5.0 mEq/L (3.5-5.0 mmol/L) b. 8.5-10.5 mg/dL ( 2.13-2.63mmol/L) c. 96-106 mEq/L (96-106 mmol/L) d. 135-145 mEq/L (135-145 mmol/L)

a. 3.5-5.0 mEq/L (3.5-5.0 mmol/L)

cleint's diagnosed with hypervolemia should avoid sweet or dry food because a. it increases the client's desire to consume fluid b. can cause dehydration c. can lead to weight gain d. obstructs water elimination

a. it increases the clients desire to consume fluid

the nurse is analyzing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a client diagnosed with severe pneumonia. which of the following ABG results indicates respiratory acidosis? a. pH 7.20, PaCO2 65, HCO3 26 b. pH 7.50, PaCO2 30, HCO3 24 c. pH 7.32, PaCO2 40, HCO3 18 d. pH 7.42, PaCO2 45, HCO3 22

a. pH 7.20, PaCO2 65, HCO3 26

the nurse is participating in the care of a client who had a periphreally inserted central catheter (PICC) placed in the right arm. after catheter placment, the nurse should complete which action? a. send the client for a chest x-ray b. administer the prescribed IV fluids c. assess the client's blood pressure (BP) on the right arm d. obtain written consent for the procedure

a. send the client for a chest x-ray

the nurse is caring for a client with severe diarrhea. the nurse recognizes that the client is at risk for developing which acid-base balance? a. respiratory acidosis b. metabolic acidosis c. respiratory alkalosis d. metabolic alkalosis

b. metabolic acidosis

which arterial blood gas (ABG) result would the nurse anticipate for a client with a 3-day history of vomiting? a. pH 7.45, CO2 32, HCO3 21 b. pH 7.55, CO2 60, HCO3 28 c. pH 7.34, CO2 60, HCO3 34 d. pH 7.28, CO2 25, HCO3 15

b. pH 7.55, CO2 60, HCO3 28

a client is being treated in the ICU 24 hours after having a radical neck dissection completed. the client's serum calcium concentration is 7.6mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L). which physical examination finding is consistent with this electrolyte imbalance? a. muscle weakness b. presence of Trousseau sign c. negative Chvostek sign d. slurred speech

b. presence of Trousseau sign

the nurse is analyzing the electrocardiographic (ECG) rhythm tracing of a client experiencing hypercalcemia. which ECG change is typically associated with this electrolyte imbalance? a. peaked T waves b. prolonged PR intervals c. prolonged QT intervals d. elevated ST segments

b. prolonged PR intervals

the nurse has been assigned to care for various clients. which client is at the highest risk for a fluid and electrolyte imbalance? a. a 66yo who had an open cholecystectomy with a T-tube placed that is draining 125mL of bile per shift b. a 25yo who had a laparoscopic appendectomy 24 hours ago and is being advanced to a regular diet c. an 82yo who receives all nutrition via tube feedings and whose medications include carvedilol and torsemide d. a 79yo admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia

c. an 82yo who receives all nutrition via tube feedings and whose medications include carvedilol and torsemide

the nurse is instructing a client with recurrent hyperkalemia about following a potassium- restricted diet. which statement by the client indicates the need for additional instruction? a. bananas have a lot of potassium in them, ill stop buying them b. i need to check to see whether my cola beverage has potassium in it c. i will not salt my food, instead ill use salt substitute d. ill drink cranberry juice with my breakfast instead of coffee

c. i will not salt my food, instead ill use salt substitute

a nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure and hypernatremia. in this case, which action can be delegated to the nursing assistant? a. teach the client about increased fluid intake b. monitor for signs and symptoms of dehydration c. provide oral care every 2-3 hours d. assess the clients weight daily for trends

c. provide oral care every 2-3 hours

a client with cancer is being treated on the oncology unit for bilateral breast cancer. the client is undergoing chemotherapy. the nurse notes the clients serum calcium concentration is 12.3 mg/dL (3.08 mmol/L). given this laboratory finding, the nurse should suspect that the a. clients diet is lacking calcium- rich food products b. clinet has a history of alcohol use c. client may be developing hyperaldosteronism d. malignancy is causing the electrolyte imbalance

d. malignancy is causing the electrolyte imbalance