Medsurg2 SAS 1-8

1. You're performing an abdominal assessment on Brent who is 52 y.o. In which order do you proceed? A. Observation, percussion, palpation, auscultation 1. Observation, auscultation, percussion, palpation 2. Percussion, palpation, auscultation, observation 3. Palpation, percussion, observation, auscultation

1. Observation, auscultation, percussion, palpation

Mr. Hasakusa is in end-stage liver failure. Which interventions should the nurse implement when addressing hepatic encephalopathy? Select all that apply. A. Assessing the client's neurologic status every 2 hours B. Monitoring the client's hemoglobin and hematocrit levels C. Evaluating the client's serum ammonia level D. Monitoring the client's handwriting daily E. Preparing to insert an esophageal tamponade tube F. Making sure the client's fingernails are short

A, C, D

Annabelle is being discharged with a colostomy, and you're teaching her about colostomy care. Which statement correctly describes a healthy stoma? A. "At first, the stoma may bleed slightly when touched." B. "The stoma should appear dark and have a bluish hue." C. "A burning sensation under the stoma faceplate is normal." D. "The stoma should remain swollen away from the abdomen

A. "At first, the stoma may bleed slightly when touched

11. Michael, a 42 y.o. man is admitted to the med-surg floor with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. His BP is 136/76, pulse 96, Resps 22 and temp 101. His past history includes hyperlipidemia and alcohol abuse. The doctor prescribes an NG tube. Before inserting the tube, you explain the purpose to patient. Which of the following is a most accurate explanation? A. "It empties the stomach of fluids and gas." B. "It prevents spasms at the sphincter of Oddi." C. "It prevents air from forming in the small intestine and large intestine." D. "It removes bile from the gallbladder."

A. "It empties the stomach of fluids and gas."

. A patient complains of abdominal pain and distention is suspected of having malabsorption syndrome when he/she has: A. A bulky, foul-smelling stools with steatorrhea B. Episodes of constipation and diarrhea C. Chronic constipation D. Severe abdominal pain after eating

A. A bulky, foul-smelling stools with steatorrhea

Which of the following complications is thought to be the most common cause of appendicitis? A. A fecalith B. Bowel kinking C. Internal bowel occlusion D. Abdominal bowel swelling

A. A fecalith

Nursing suggestions to help a person break the constipation habit include all of the following except: A. A low-residue, bland diet. B. A fluid intake of at least 2 L/day. C. Establishing a regular schedule of exercise. D. Establishing a regular time for daily elimination

A. A low-residue, bland diet.

Jason, a 22 y.o. accident victim, requires an NG tube for feeding. What should you immediately do after inserting an NG tube for liquid enteral feedings? A. Aspirate for gastric secretions with a syringe. B. Begin feeding slowly to prevent cramping. C. Get an X-ray of the tip of the tube within 24 hours. D. Clamp off the tube until the feedings begin.

A. Aspirate for gastric secretions with a syringe.

A 20-year-old client developed osteomyelitis 2 weeks after a fishhook was removed from his foot. Which of the following rationales best explains the expected long-term antibiotic therapy needed? A. Bone has poor circulation. B. Tissue trauma requires antibiotics. C. Feet are normally more difficult to treat. D. Fishhook injuries are highly contaminated.

A. Bone has poor circulation.

You're caring for Jane, a 57 y.o. patient with liver cirrhosis who developed ascites and requires paracentesis. Before her paracentesis, you instruct her to: A. Empty her bladder. B. Lie supine in bed. C. Remain NPO for 4 hours. D. Clean her bowels with an enema.

A. Empty her bladder

For which of the following positions would be appropriate for a client with severe ascites? A. Fowler's B. Side-lying C. Reverse Trendelenburg D. Sims'

A. Fowler's

Which of the following drugs may be administered to patient with diarrhea? A. Loperamide (Imodium) B. Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) C. Senna Concentrate (Senokot) D. Docusate (Colace)

A. Loperamide (Imodium)

Which of the following types of diets is implicated in the development of diverticulosis? A. Low-fiber diet B. High-fiber diet C. High-protein diet D. Low-carbohydrate diet

A. Low-fiber diet

Mrs. Dela Cruz complained of pain and difficulty in swallowing. The terms are referred as: A. Odynophagia B. Dysphagia C. Pyrosis D. Dyspepsia

A. Odynophagia and B. Dysphagia

A client with acute appendicitis develops fever, tachycardia, and hypotension. Based on these assessment findings, the nurse suspects which of the following complications? A. Peritonitis B. Bowel ischemia C. Intestinal obstruction D. Deficient fluid volume

A. Peritonitis

Sharon has cirrhosis of the liver and develops ascites. What intervention is necessary to decrease the excessive accumulation of serous fluid in her peritoneal cavity? A. Restrict fluids B. Encourage ambulation C. Increase sodium in the diet D. Give antacids as prescribed

A. Restrict fluids

On physical examination, the nurse should be looking for tenderness on palpation at Mcburney's point, which is located in the: A. Right lower quadrant B. Right upper quadrant C. Left lower quadrant D. Left upper quadrant

A. Right lower quadrant.

A nurse is preparing to provide care for a patient whose exacerbation of ulcerative colitis has required hospital admission. During an exacerbation of this health problem, the nurse would anticipate that the patients stools will have what characteristics? A) Watery with blood and mucus B) Hard and black or tarry C) Dry and streaked with blood D) Loose with visible fatty streaks

A. Watery with blood and mucus

10.Which of the following diagnostic tests confirms Paget's disease? A. X-ray B. Bone scan C. Bone biopsy D. Serum alkaline phosphate

A. X-ray

7. Which of the following are the possible causes of sialadenitis? Select all that apply. A. Dehydration B. Stress C. Dental extraction D. Improper oral hygiene E. Frequent ingestion of cold beverages

Answer: A, B, D.

Which of the following conditions cause/s malabsorption? Select all that apply. A. Celiac disease B. Lactose intolerance C. Gastritis D. Gastric resection E. GERD

Answer: A, B, D.

9. Which of the following measures helps relieve pain to a client with gastritis? A. Avoid foods and beverages that may be irritating to the gastric mucosa. B. Monitor fluid intake and output daily to detect early signs of dehydration. C. Administer Amoxicillin (Amoxil) twice a day. D. Start intravenous fluid therapy

Answer: A. Avoid foods and beverages that may be irritating to the gastric mucosa.

4. Which diagnostic test would be used first to evaluate a client with upper GI bleeding? A. Endoscopy B. Upper GI series C. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels and hematocrit (HCT) D. Arteriography

Answer: A. Endoscopy

What diagnostic test would yield good visualization of the ulcer crater? A. Endoscopy B. Gastroscopy C. Barium Swallow D. Histology

Answer: A. Endoscopy

A female client being seen in a physician's office has just been scheduled for a barium swallow the next day. The nurse writes down which instruction for the client to follow before the test? A. Fast for 8 hours before the test B. Eat a regular supper and breakfast C. Continue to take all oral medications as scheduled D. Monitor own bowel movement pattern for constipation

Answer: A. Fast for 8 hours before the test

10. Which of the following medical management is recommended for salivary calculus? A. Lithotripsy B. Antibiotic therapy C. Nephrectomy D. Endoscopy

Answer: A. Lithotripsy.

Develop a teaching care plan for Angie who is about to undergo a liver biopsy. Which of the following points do you include? A. "You'll need to lie on your stomach during the test." B. "You'll need to lie on your right side after the test." C. "During the biopsy you'll be asked to exhale deeply and hold it." D. "The biopsy is performed under general anesthesia."

Answer: B. "You'll need to lie on your right side after the test."

Peptic ulcer disease particularly gastric ulcer is thought to be cause by which of the following microorgamisms? A. E. coli B. H. pylori C. S. aureus D. K. pnuemoniae

Answer: B. H. pylori

8. Which of the following factors associates chronic gastritis with pernicious anemia? A. Chronic blood loss B. Inability to absorb vitamin B12 C. Overproduction of stomach acid D. Overproduction of vitamin B12

Answer: B. Inability to absorb vitamin B12

The nurse is reviewing the medication record of a client with gastritis. Which medication, if noted on the client's record, would the nurse question? A. Amoxicillin (Amoxil) B. Indomethacin (Indocin) C. Lansoprazole (Prevacid) D. Clarithromycin (Biazin)

Answer: B. Indomethacin (Indocin)

10. Which of the following measures helps control fecal incontinence? A. Increase fiber in the diet during episodes of diarrhea. B. Initiate a bowel-training program. C. Encourage use of laxatives 3 times a day. D. Use incontinence brief/adult diaper

Answer: B. Initiate a bowel-training program.

5. A patient complains about an inflamed salivary gland below his right ear. The nurse documents probable inflammation of which gland/s? A. Buccal B. Parotid C. Sublingual D. Submandibular

Answer: B. Parotid.

Which of the following conditions described as presence of calculi in the salivary glands? A. Parotitis B. Sialolithiasis C. Sialadenitis D. Mumps

Answer: B. Sialolithiasis.

4. The nurse is caring for a client with chronic gastritis. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that this client is at risk for which of the following vitamin deficiencies? A.Vitamin A B. Vitamin B12 C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin E

Answer: B. Vitamin B12

10 A patient with gastritis is nauseated and vomited 10 times at home, which of the following nursing diagnoses is appropriate for this patient? Select all that apply. A. Acute pain related to irritated stomach mucosa B. Anxiety related to treatment C. Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements related to inadequate intake of nutrients D. Risk for imbalanced fluid volume related to insufficient fluid intake and excessive fluid loss

Answer: C & D. Nausea and vomiting leads to nutrient and fluid loss

Which of the following definitions best describes gastritis? A. Erosion of the gastric mucosa B. Inflammation of a diverticulum C. Inflammation of the gastric mucosa D. Reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus

Answer: C. Inflammation of the gastric mucosa

6. Which of the following treatments should be included in the immediate management of acute gastritis? A. Reducing work stress B. Completing gastric resection C. Treating the underlying cause D. Administering enteral tube feedings

Answer: C. Treating the underlying cause

Acute gastritis is often caused by: A. Ingestion of strong acids B. Irritating foods C. Overuse of Aspirin D. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

To avoid acid reflux, Nurse Melinda should advice Mrs. Dela Cruz to avoid which type of diet? A. cola, coffee and tea B. high fat, carbonated and caffeinated beverages C. beer and green tea D. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

6. Parotitis caused by bacteria is treated with which of the following drug classifications? A. Analgesics B. Corticosteroids C. Antipyretics D. Antibiotics

Answer: D. Antibiotics.

7. Which of the following risk factors can lead to chronic gastritis? A. Young age B. Antibiotic usage C. Gallbladder disease D. Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer: D. Helicobacter pylori infection

2. While palpating a female client's right upper quadrant (RUQ), the nurse would expect to find which of the following structures? A.Sigmoid colon B.Appendix C. Spleen D. Liver

Answer: D. Liver.

Which of the following substances is most likely to cause gastritis? A. Milk B. Bicarbonate of soda, or baking soda C. Enteric coated aspirin D. Nonsteriodal anti-imflammatory drugs

Answer: D. Nonsteriodal anti-imflammatory drugs

8. A patient asks, "Is surgery always the treatment of choice for inflamed salivary glands?" Your best response would be: A. Yes, surgery is always the answer. B. Surgery is only recommended for children. C. Elderly is not a candidate for parotidectomy. D. The procedure is advised for chronic sialadenitis and uncontrolled pain.

Answer: D. The procedure is advised for chronic sialadenitis and uncontrolled pain.

Which of the following recommended to a patient with malabsorption syndrome? A. Encourage patient to eat pasta three times a day. B. Instruct patient to increase milk consumption. C. The patient is advised to limit fluid intake. D. Vitamin supplementation is prescribed

Answer: D. Vitamin supplementation is prescribed

7.The most common symptoms of osteomalacia are: A. Bone fractures and kyphosis B. Bone pain and tenderness C. Muscle weakness and spasm D. Softened and compressed vertebrae

B. Bone pain and tenderness

9.Which of the following medications used in Paget's disease which facilitates remodeling of abnormal bone? A. Plicamycin B. Calcitonin C. Dexamethasone D. Atropine sulfate

B. Calcitonin

Stephanie, a 28 y.o. accident victim, requires TPN. The rationale for TPN is to provide: A. Necessary fluids and electrolytes to the body. B. Complete nutrition by the I.V. route. C. Tube feedings for nutritional supplementation. D. Dietary supplementation with liquid protein given between meals

B. Complete nutrition by the I.V. route

The nurse would monitor for which of the following adverse reactions to aluminum-containing antacids such as aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)? A. Diarrhea B. Constipation C. GI upset D. Fluid retention

B. Constipation

10.For Sliding Hiatal Hernia, all are clinical manifestations except: A. Heartburn B. Halitosis C. Regurgitation D. Dysphagia

B. Halitosis

Immediately after a liver biopsy, which of the following complications should the client be closely monitored for? A. Abdominal cramping B. Hemorrhage C. Nausea and vomiting D. Potential infection

B. Hemorrhage

A client with irritable bowel syndrome is being prepared for discharge. Which of the following meal plans should the nurse give the client? A. Low fiber, low-fat B. High fiber, low-fat C. Low fiber, high-fat D. High-fiber, high-fat

B. High fiber, low-fat

The nurse knows that a 60-year-old female client's susceptibility to osteoporosis is most likely related to: A. Lack of exercise B. Hormonal disturbances C. Lack of calcium D. Genetic predisposition

B. Hormonal disturbances

A client with cirrhosis begins to develop ascites. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is prescribed to treat the ascites. The nurse should monitor the client closely for which of the following drug-related side effects? A. Constipation B. Hyperkalemia C. Irregular pulse D. Dysuria

B. Hyperkalemia

Which of the following best describes Malabsorption syndrome? A. Are open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach and the upper portion of your small intestine. B. It is the inability of the digestive system to absorb one or more of the major vitamins, minerals, and nutrients. C. It is a digestive disorder that occurs when acidic stomach juices, or food and fluids back up from the stomach into the esophagus. D. An inflammatory disease which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss.

B. It is the inability of the digestive system to absorb one or more of the major vitamins, minerals, and nutrients.

Which of the following statements best describes fecal incontinence? A. It is a common disorder that affects the large intestine characterized by cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea or constipation, or both. B. It is the involuntary passage of stool from the rectum. C. It is an infrequent bowel movements or difficult passage of stools that persists for several weeks or longer. D. It is condition with loose and watery stools during a bowel movement.

B. It is the involuntary passage of stool from the rectum.

Claire, a 33 y.o. is on your floor with a possible bowel obstruction. Which intervention is priority for her? A. Obtain daily weights. B. Measure abdominal girth. C. Keep strict intake and output. D. Encourage her to increase fluids.

B. Measure abdominal girth

Care for the postoperative client after gastric resection should focus on which of the following problems? A. Body image B. Nutritional needs C. Skin care D. Spiritual needs

B. Nutritional needs

You're performing an abdominal assessment on Brent who is 52 y.o. In which order do you proceed? A. Observation, percussion, palpation, auscultation B. Observation, auscultation, percussion, palpation C. Percussion, palpation, auscultation, observation D. Palpation, percussion, observation, auscultation

B. Observation, auscultation, percussion, palpation

An enema is prescribed for a client with suspected appendicitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Prepare 750 ml of irrigating solution warmed to 100*F. B. Question the physician about the order. C. Provide privacy and explain the procedure to the client. D. Assist the client to left lateral Sim's position.

B. Question the physician about the order.

A client with osteoarthritis has a prescription for Celebrex (celecoxib). Which instruction should be included in the discharge teaching? A. Take the medication with milk. B. Report chest pain. C. Remain upright after taking for 30 minutes. D. Allow 6 weeks for optimal effects

B. Report chest pain.

12.Management for a patient with sprain includes RICE? Which of the following is the correct meaning of RICE? A. Rise, Ice, Compression, and Elevation B. Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation C. Rinse, Immobilize, Cast, and Elevation D. Rest, Immobilize, Compression, and Elevation

B. Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation

15. An intubated patient is receiving continuous enteral feedings through a Salem sump tube at a rate of 60ml/hr. Gastric residuals have been 30-40ml when monitored Q4H. You check the gastric residual and aspirate 220ml. What is your first response to this finding? A. Notify the doctor immediately. B. Stop the feeding, and clamp the NG tube. C. Discard the 220ml, and clamp the NG tube. D. Give a prescribed GI stimulant such as metoclopramide (Reglan

B. Stop the feeding, and clamp the NG tube.

patient admitted with inflammatory bowel disease asks the nurse for help with menu selections. What menu selection is most likely the best choice for this patient? A) Spinach B) Tofu C) Multigrain bagel D) Blueberries

B. Tofu

What diagnostic test would confirm the type of problem Mrs. Cruz have? A. barium enema B. barium swallow C. colonoscopy D. lower GI series

B. barium swallow

Nurse Farrah is providing care for Kristoff who has jaundice. Which statement indicates that the nurse understands the rationale for instituting skin care measures for the client? A. "Jaundice is associated with pressure ulcer formation." B. "Jaundice impairs urea production, which produces pruritus." C. "Jaundice produces pruritus due to impaired bile acid excretion." D. "Jaundice leads to decreased tissue perfusion and subsequent breakdown."

C. "Jaundice produces pruritus due to impaired bile acid excretion.

The mechanism of action of diphenoxylate (Lotomil) is: A. An increase in intestinal excretion of water B. An increase in intestinal motility C. A decrease in peristalsis in the intestinal wall D. A decrease in the reabsorption of water in the bowel

C. A decrease in peristalsis in the intestinal wall

Medical management of the client with diverticulitis should include which of the following treatments? A. Reduced fluid intake B. Increased fiber in diet C. Administration of antibiotics D. Exercises to increase intra-abdominal pressure

C. Administration of antibiotics

13.Which of the following is the primary treatment of septic arthritis? A. Aspiration of joint fluid B. Arhtrotomy C. Antibiotics D. Arthroscopy

C. Antibiotics

A 30-year old client experiences weight loss, abdominal distention, crampy abdominal pain, and intermittent diarrhea after birth of her 2nd child. Diagnostic tests reveal gluten-induced enteropathy. Which foods must she eliminate from her diet permanently? A. Milk and dairy products B. Protein-containing foods C. Cereal grains (except rice and corn) D. Carbohydrates

C. Cereal grains (except rice and corn).

A client with gout is encouraged to increase fluid intake. Which of the following statements best explains why increased fluids are encouraged for gout? A. Fluids decrease inflammation. B. Fluids increase calcium absorption. C. Fluids promote the excretion of uric acid. D. Fluids provide a cushion for weakened bones

C. Fluids promote the excretion of uric acid

1.Based from the symptoms presented, Nurse Melinda might suspect: A. Esophagitis B. Hiatal hernia C. GERD D. Gastric Ulcer

C. GERD

Eleanor, a 62 y.o. woman with diverticulosis is your patient. Which interventions would you expect to include in her care? A. Low-fiber diet and fluid restrictions. B. Total parenteral nutrition and bed rest. C. High-fiber diet and administration of psyllium. D. Administration of analgesics and antacids

C. High-fiber diet and administration of psyllium.

All of the following are considered complications of constipation except: A. Hemorrhoids B. Fecal impaction C. Hypokalemia D. Hypertension

C. Hypokalemia

9.What Diagnostic test will confirm Achalasia? A. Barium Swallow B. X- ray Studies C. Manometry D. Barium Enema

C. Manometry

Your patient has a GI tract that is functioning, but has the inability to swallow foods. Which is the preferred method of feeding for your patient? A. TPN B. PPN C. NG feeding D. Oral liquid supplements

C. NG feeding

Pathophysiologic changes seen with osteoarthritis include: A. Joint cartilage degeneration. B. The formation of bony spurs at the edges of the joint surfaces. C. Narrowing of the joint space. D. All of the above

C. Narrowing of the joint space

She is for occult blood test; what specimen will you collect? A. Blood B. Urine C. Stool D. Gastric Juice

C. Stool.

Alendronate (Fosamax) is given to a client with osteoporosis. The nurse advises the client to? A. Take the medication in the morning with meals. B. Take the medication 2 hours before bedtime. C. Take the medication with a glass of water after rising in the morning. D. Take the medication during lunch.

C. Take the medication with a glass of water after rising in the morning.

In a client with diarrhea, which outcome indicates that fluid resuscitation is successful? A. The client passes formed stools at regular intervals B. The client reports a decrease in stool frequency and liquidity C. The client exhibits firm skin turgor D. The client no longer experiences perianal burning.

C. The client exhibits firm skin turgor.

During assessment, the nurse is looking for positive indicators of appendicitis, which include all of the following except: A. vomiting B. low-grade fever C. Thrombocytopenia D. Abdominal tenderness upon palpation

C. Thrombocytopenia.

Situation: Nurse Marishka is the staff nurse assigned at the Emergency Department. During her shift, a patient was rushed in the ED complaining of severe heartburn, vomiting and pain that radiates to the flank. The doctor suspects gastric ulcer. 5. What other symptoms will validate the diagnosis of gastric ulcer? A. right epigastric pain B. pain occurs when stomach is empty C. pain occurs immediately after meal D. pain not relieved by vomiting

C. pain occurs immediately after meal

A patient with IBS asks, "How can I manage abdominal discomfort?" Your best response would be: A. "It is best managed by eating dry crackers." B. "Some patients maintain an antidepressant drugs." C. "You will be the one to choose what is best for you." D. "Abdominal pain can be reduced by avoiding carbonated beverages."

D. "Abdominal pain can be reduced by avoiding carbonated beverages.

When teaching an elderly client how to prevent constipation, which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. "Drink 6 glasses of fluid each day." B. "Avoid grain products and nuts." C. "Add at least 4 grams of bran to your cereal each morning." D. "Be sure to get regular exercise

D. "Be sure to get regular exercise."

A client has been prescribed a diet that limits purine-rich foods. Which of the following foods would the nurse teach him to avoid eating? A. Bananas and dried fruits B. Milk, ice cream, and yogurt C. Wine, cheese, preserved fruits, meats, and vegetables D. Anchovies, sardines, kidneys, sweetbreads, and lentils

D. Anchovies, sardines, kidneys, sweetbreads, and lentils

15.Nursing interventions to treat a musculoskeletal injury may include cold or heat therapy. Cold therapy decreases pain by which of the following actions? A. Promotes analgesia and circulation B. Numbs the nerves and dilates the vessels C. Promotes circulation and reduces muscle spasms D. Causes local vasoconstriction and prevents edema or muscle spasm

D. Causes local vasoconstriction and prevents edema or muscle spasm

Donald is a 61 y.o. man with diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is characterized by: A. Periodic rectal hemorrhage. B. Hypertension and tachycardia. C. Vomiting and elevated temperature. D. Crampy and lower left quadrant pain and low-grade fever.

D. Crampy and lower left quadrant pain and low-grade fever

Katrina is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. To avoid complications with lack of calcium in the diet, which food should be included in the diet? A. Fruit B. Whole grains C. Milk and cheese products D. Dark green, leafy vegetables

D. Dark green, leafy vegetables

A 52-year-old man was referred to the clinic due to increased abdominal girth. He is diagnosed with ascites by the presence of a fluid thrill and shifting dullness on percussion. After administering diuretic therapy, which nursing action would be most effective in ensuring safe care? A. Measuring serum potassium for hyperkalemia B. Assessing the client for hypervolemia C. Measuring the client's weight weekly D. Documenting precise intake and output

D. Documenting precise intake and output

Which of the following diagnostic tests confirms malabsorption syndrome? A. Complete blood count B. Abdominal ultrasound C. Panceatic function test D. Endoscopy with biopsy

D. Endoscopy with biopsy

14.A client who has an above-the-knee amputation is to use crutches until the prosthesis is properly fitted. When teaching the client about using the crutches, the nurse instructs the client to support her weight primarily on which of the following body areas? A. Axillae B. Elbows C. Upper arms D. Hands

D. Hands

8.Which of the following dietary management is recommended to patient with osteomalacia associated with diet? A. Adequate calcium and low protein intake B. Adequate protein and moderate vitamin intake C. Restrict calcium and vitamin D intake D. Increase calcium and vitamin D intake

D. Increase calcium and vitamin D intake

Which of the following tests confirms that the origin of the disorder is in the liver? A. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) B. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) C. Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) D. Serum Alkaline Phosphatase

D. Serum Alkaline Phosphatase

Which of the following mechanisms can facilitate the development of diverticulosis into diverticulitis? A. Treating constipation with chronic laxative use, leading to dependence on laxatives B. Chronic constipation causing an obstruction, reducing forward flow of intestinal contents C. Herniation of the intestinal mucosa, rupturing the wall of the intestine D. Undigested food blocking the diverticulum, predisposing the area to bacterial invasion.

D. Undigested food blocking the diverticulum, predisposing the area to bacterial invasion.

You're advising a 21 y.o. with a colostomy who reports problems with flatus. What food should you recommend? A. Peas B. Cabbage C. Broccoli D. Yogurt

D. Yogurt