Medsurge2 week 4

When providing discharge teaching to a client with a fractured toe, the nurse should include which instruction?

Apply ice to the fracture site.

Which nursing intervention is appropriate for monitoring the client for the development of Volkmann's contracture?

Assess the radial pulse.

Which group is at the greatest risk for osteoporosis?

Caucasian women

What part of the brain controls and coordinates muscle movement?

Cerebellum

Which type of fracture is one in which the skin or mucous membranes extends to the fractured bone?

Compound

Which of the following would lead a nurse to suspect that a client has a rotator cuff tear?

Difficulty lying on affected side

The older client asks the nurse how best to maintain strong bones. The best response by the nurse is:

"Weight-bearing exercises can strengthen bones."

The nurse is preparing the client for computed tomography. Which information should be given by the nurse?

"You must remain very still during the procedure."

Health education for a woman over age 50 includes providing information about the importance of adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis. Select the daily dosage of calcium and vitamin D that the nurse should recommend.

1,200 mg; 1,000 IU

During recovery from a stroke, a client is given nothing by mouth to help prevent aspiration. To determine when the client is ready for a liquid diet, the nurse assesses the client's swallowing ability once per shift. This assessment evaluates:

cranial nerves IX and X.

scoliosis

lateral curving deviation of the spine

electromyography checks

muscle weakness *

A fracture is termed pathologic when the fracture

occurs through an area of diseased bone.

A patient sustained a head injury during a fall and has changes in personality and affect. What part of the brain does the nurse recognize has been affected in this injury?

Frontal lobe

Which of the following terms refers to a fracture in which one side of a bone is broken and the other side is bent?

Greenstick

The nurse notes that the patient's left great toe deviates laterally. This finding would be recognized as which of the following?

Hallux valgus

When evaluating for hypovolemic shock, the nurse should be aware of which of the following clinical manifestations?

Hypotension

The pre-nursing class is learning about the nervous system in their anatomy class. What part of the nervous system would the students learn is responsible for digesting food and eliminating body waste?

Parasympathetic *

Which of the following is a characteristic of fracture pain?

Piercing

Which of the following cerebral lobes contains the auditory receptive areas?

Temporal *

Which of the following arteries supply most of the posterior circulation of the brain?

Vertebrobasilar arteries

A male patient with a musculoskeletal injury is instructed to alter his diet. The objective of this diet alteration is to facilitate the absorption of calcium from food and supplements. Considering the food intake objective, which of the following food items should the nurse encourage the patient to include in the diet?

Vitamin D-fortified milk

A client undergoes hip-pinning surgery to treat an intertrochanteric fracture of the right hip. The nurse should include which intervention in the postoperative care plan?

Keeping a pillow between the client's legs at all times

The nurse is monitoring a patient who sustained an open fracture of the left hip. What type of shock should the nurse be aware can occur with this type of injury?

Hypovolemic

Which sign may be helpful in identifying carpal tunnel syndrome?

Tinel's

To evaluate a client's cerebellar function, a nurse should ask:

"Do you have any problems with balance?"

The Glasgow Coma Scale is a common screening tool used for patients with a head injury. During the physical exam, the nurse documents that the patient is able to spontaneously open her eyes, obey verbal commands, and is oriented. The nurse records the highest score of:

15

Which of the following terms refers to the inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting difficulty walking?

Ataxia

Lesions in the temporal lobe may result in which of the following types of agnosia?

Auditory

A client who has sustained a fracture reports an increase in pain and decreased function of the affected extremity. The nurse would suspect which of the following?

Avascular necrosis

A patient has stepped in a hole in the yard, causing an ankle injury. The ankle is edematous and painful to palpation. How long should the nurse inform the patient that the acute inflammatory stage will last?

Between 24 and 48 hours

The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient with pregnancy-induced hypertension. When assessing the reflexes in the ankle, the nurse observes rhythmic contractions of the muscle when dorsiflexing the foot. What would the nurse document this finding as?

Clonus

The patient presents to the emergency room with an open fracture of the femur. Which action would the nurse implement to prevent the most serious complication of an open fracture?

Cover the wound with a sterile dressing to prevent infection. *

The nurse is caring for a patient who sustained an open fracture of the right femur in an automobile accident. What does the nurse understand is the most serious complication of an open fracture?

Infection

A female client is at risk for developing osteoporosis. Which action will reduce the client's risk?

Initiating weight-bearing exercise routines

Which of the following would be included in the teaching plan for a patient who has undergone a hip replacement?

Never cross legs when seated

Which of the following deformities causes a lateral curving deviation of the spine?

Scoliosis

A 19-year-old patient presents to the emergency room with an injury to her left ankle that occurred during a high school basketball game. She complains of limited motion and pain on walking, which increased over the last 2 hours. The nurse knows that her diagnosis is most likely which of the following?

Second-degree sprain

indicative of neuromuscular compromised

cap refill more than 3 sec *

CSF function

cushion spinal cord *

An example of a flat bone is the

sternum.

What food can the nurse suggest to the client at risk for osteoporosis?

Broccoli

A client undergoes a total hip replacement. Which statement made by the client indicates to the nurse that the client requires further teaching?

"I don't know if I'll be able to get off that low toilet seat at home by myself."

The nurse is caring for a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle accident and sustained a head injury. When assessing deep tendon reflexes (DTR), the nurse observes diminished or hypoactive reflexes. How will the nurse document this finding?

+1

A 14-year-old patient is treated in the emergency room for an acute knee sprain sustained during a soccer game. The nurse reviews discharge instructions with the patient's mother. The instructions cover pain management and swelling reduction for the acute inflammatory stage which lasts:

24 to 48 hours.

Patient who have open fractures, should have systemic antibiotics ordered and administered within which timeframe from time of injury?

3 hours

A patient comes back to the clinic with a continued complaint of back pain. What time frame does the nurse understand constitutes "chronic pain"?

3 months

Which client would the nurse identify as having the greatest risk for osteoporosis?

A small-framed, thin 45-year-old white woman

A patient who has suffered a stroke is unable to maintain respiration and so is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilator support. What portion of the brain is most likely responsible for the inability to breathe?

Brain stem *

Which hormone inhibits bone resorption and increases the deposit of calcium in the bone?

Calcitonin

A nurse is preparing a client for a lumbar puncture. The client has heard about post-lumbar puncture headaches and asks what causes them. The nurse tells the client that these headches are caused by which of the following?

Cerebral spinal fluid leakage at the puncture site

An x-ray demonstrates a fracture in which a bone has splintered into several pieces, which type of fracture is this?

Comminuted

Choose the correct statement about the endosteum, a significant component of the skeletal system:

Covers the marrow cavity of long bones

Which assessment parameter would the nurse expect to find when assessing the older adult with a musculoskeletal disorder? Select all that apply.

Decreased endurance Decreased range of motion Joint stiffness

The provider asks a nurse to test a patient for Tinel's sign to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome. The nurse asked the patient to:

Hold his palm up while the nurse percussed over the median nerve. *

A classic indicator of edema and alveolar hemorrhage associated with FES is:

Hyperventilation.

Which of the following areas of the brain are responsible for temperature regulation?

Hypothalamus *

A male client is scheduled for an electroencephalogram (EEG). When the nurse caring for the client is preparing him for the test, the client states that during childhood he was mildly electrocuted but miraculously lived. Therefore, he is quite afraid of going through an EEG. In what ways can the nurse help dispel the client's fear regarding the test?

Inform the client that he will not experience any electrical shock.

A female client is at risk for developing osteoporosis. Which action will reduce the client's risk??

Initiating weight-bearing exercise routines *

Ada Zontor, a 60-year-old bookkeeper, is a client with the neurological group where you practice nursing. Mrs. Zontor has been exhibiting neurological symptoms for several weeks and the neurologist is admitting her to hospital for extensive testing. Since diagnostics have not yet revealed the cause of her difficulties, which of her following comments would indicate the need for further client education?

It's good to know the continual tingling in my fingers and toes is not connected with my nervous system!

After a fracture, during which stage or phase of bone healing is devitalized tissue removed and new bone reorganized into its former structural arrangement?

Remodeling

Which of the following is the final stage of fracture repair?

Remodeling

A nurse is teaching a female client about preventing osteoporosis. Which teaching point is correct?

The recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a wide variety of foods. *

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for facial sensation and corneal reflex?

Trigeminal

kyphosis

an increased forward curvature of the thoracic spine that causes a bowing or rounding of the back, leading to a hunchback or slouching posture.

On a visit to the family physician, a client is diagnosed with a bunion on the lateral side of the great toe, at the metatarsophalangeal joint. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching session?

"Some bunions are congenital; others are caused by wearing shoes that are too short or narrow."

The nurse is planning discharge instructions for the client with osteomyelitis. What instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

"You will receive IV antibiotics for 3 to 6 weeks."

Which suggestion would be most important to give a client who has a mild case of bunions?

Don proper footwear.

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for concentration and abstract thought?

Frontal *

Which of the following terms refers to failure of fragments of a fractured bone to heal together?

Nonunion

Which nerve is being assessed when the nurses asks the patient to dorsiflex his ankle and extend his toes?

Peroneal

The nursing instructor is talking with their clinical group about the central nervous system. What should the instructor tell the students about the function of the spinal cord?

Serves as a conduit for impulses to and from the brain

A client is diagnosed with osteomyelitis. This is most commonly caused by which of the following?

Staphylococcus aureus

A client preparing to undergo a lumbar puncture states he doesn't think he will be able to get comfortable with his knees drawn up to his abdomen and his chin touching his chest. He asks if he can lie on his left side. Which statement is the best response by the nurse?

"Although the required position may not be comfortable, it will make the procedure safer and easier to perform."

A client is treated in the emergency department for acute muscle strain in the left leg caused by trying a new exercise. During discharge preparation, the nurse should provide which instruction?

"Apply ice packs for the first 24 to 48 hours, then apply heat packs."

A patient diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) asks the nurse about numbness in the fingers and pain in the wrist. In responding to the patient, how would the nurse best describe CTS?

"CTS is a neuropathy that is characterized by compression of the median nerve at the wrist."

A patient has been diagnosed with a deficiency of the major neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Based on this information, the nurse knows to assess the patient for complications associated with:

Heart rate and rhythm.

A bone graft may be used for which of the following reasons? Select all that apply.

Joint stabilization Defect filling Stimulation of bone healing

A 45-year-old softball player arrives at the emergency department following his injury while sliding into a base during a game. After his examination and radiographs, the physician diagnoses muscle strain and prescribes appropriate treatment. What does the physician mean with the term "strain"?

Stretched or pulled beyond capacity

Within our brains, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is manufactured in the ventricles and constantly circulates around the brain and spinal cord. The CSF functions as a cushion to protect structures and maintain relatively consistent intracranial pressure. Where does CSF circulate?

Subarachnoid space

The nurse advises a patient that the best position to ease low back pain is:

Supine, with the knees slightly flexed and the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees.

A nurse is caring for a client with an intracapsular hip fracture. Identify the area where this client's fracture occurred.

i'm boney, i'm boney, leave me aloney

what type of fracture involves a break through only part of the way

incomplete *

what assessment finding would cause the nurse to suspect compartmentalism

increased diameter of the calf *

During a routine physical examination on a 75-year-old female client, a nurse notes that the client is 5 feet, 3/8 inches (1.6 m) tall. The client states, "How is that possible? I was always 5 feet and 1/2? (1.7 m) tall." Which statement is the best response by the nurse?

"After menopause, the body's bone density declines, resulting in a gradual loss of height."

Which of the following neurotransmitters are deficient in myasthenia gravis?

Acetylcholine

A client is admitted with acute osteomyelitis that developed after an open fracture of the right femur. When planning this client's care, the nurse should anticipate which measure?

Administering large doses of I.V. antibiotics as ordered

A patient is scheduled for a procedure that will allow the physician to visualize the knee joint in order to diagnose the patient's pain. What procedure will the nurse prepare the patient for?

Arthroscopy

A patient tells the physician about shoulder pain that is present even without any strenuous movement. The physician identifies a sac filled with synovial fluid. What condition should the nurse educate the patient about?

Bursitis

The nurse is performing an assessment of cranial nerve function and asks the patient to cover one nostril at a time to see if the patient can smell coffee, alcohol, and mint. The patient is unable to smell any of the odors. The nurse is aware that the patient has a dysfunction of which cranial nerve?

CN I

The nurse obtains a Snellen eye chart when assessing cranial nerve function. Which cranial nerve is the nurse testing when using the chart?

CN II

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves. Only three are sensory. Select the cranial nerve that is affected with decreased visual fields.

CN II

Which of the following inhibits bone resorption and promotes bone formation?

Calcitonin

When an infection is blood borne the manifestations include which of the following symptoms?

Chills

A client with a suspected brain tumor is scheduled for a computed tomography (CT) scan. What should the nurse do when preparing the client for this test?

Determine whether the client is allergic to iodine, contrast dyes, or shellfish.

When describing malignant bone tumors to a group of students, which of the following would the instructor cite as the usual location?

Distal femur around the knee

The nurses instructs the client not to cross their legs and to have someone assist with tying their shoes. Which additional instruction should the nurse provide to client?

Do not flex the hip more than 90 degrees.

the nurses instructs the client not to cross their legs and to have someone assist with tying their shoes. Which additional instruction should the nurse provide to client?

Do not flex the hip more than 90 degrees.

Which of the following is a flexion deformity caused by a slowly progressive contracture of the palmar fascia?

Dupuytren's contracture *

The client with a fractured left humerus reports dyspnea and chest pain. Pulse oximetry is 88%. Temperature is 100.2 degrees Fahrenheit (38.5 degrees Centigrade); heart rate is 110 beats per minute; respiratory rate is 32 breaths per minute. The nurse suspects the client is experiencing:

Fat embolism syndrome *

Which of the following terms refers to a break in the continuity of a bone?

Fracture

The nurse is performing an assessment on an older adult patient and observes the patient has an increased forward curvature of the thoracic spine. What does the nurse understand this common finding is known as?

Kyphosis

After a person experiences a closure of the epiphyses, which statement is true?

No further increase in bone length occurs.

An instructor is describing the process of bone development. Which of the following would the instructor describe as being responsible for the process of ossification?

Osteoblasts

Which of the following presents with an onset of heel pain with the first steps of the morning?

Plantar fasciitis

Which nursing intervention is essential in caring for a client with compartment syndrome?

Removing all external sources of pressure, such as clothing and jewelry

A client has Paget's disease. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client is:

Risk for falls

Which of the following is the most important nursing diagnosis for an elderly patient diagnosed with osteoporosis?

Risk for injury related to fractures due to osteoporosis

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries is manifested by acromioclavicular joint pain?

Rotator cuff tears

A patient has a fracture that is being treated with open rigid compression plate fixation devices. How will the progress of bone healing be monitored?

Serial x-rays

The nurse is performing a neurological assessment of a client who has sustained damage to the frontal cortex. Which of the following deficits will the nurse look for during assessment?

The inability to tell how a mouse and a cat are alike

The spinal cord is composed of 31 pairs of spinal nerves. How many pairs of thoracic nerves are contained within the spinal column?

Twelve

Which laboratory study is most relevant to treating a client who has sustained a pelvic fracture?

Type and crossmatch

Osteoporosis

abnormal excessive bone loss

The nurse is preparing the client with a right neck mass for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Which question should the nurse ask? Select all that apply.

"Do you have a pacemaker?" "Are you wearing any jewelry?" "Have you removed your hearing aid?"

Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint?

Knee

A nurse is caring for a client who underwent a total hip replacement. What should the nurse and other caregivers do to prevent dislocation of the new prosthesis?

Prevent internal rotation of the affected leg.

neurological examination by physician and explains tests the dr will be doing, includes the romburgs test

its a test for balance *

Which of the following is an appropriate priority nursing diagnosis for the client following an arthrocentesis?

risk for infection

A nurse is teaching a client who was recently diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. Which statement should the nurse include?

"Ergonomic changes can be incorporated into your workday to reduce stress on your wrist."

A client undergoes an arthroscopy at the outpatient clinic. After the procedure, the nurse provides discharge teaching. Which response by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

"I should use my heating pad this evening to reduce some of the pain in my knee."

The nurse has educated a patient with low back pain about techniques to relieve the back pain and prevent further complications. What statement by the patient shows understanding of the education the nurse provided?

"I will avoid prolonged sitting or walking."

A client has sustained a right tibial fracture and has just had a cast applied. Which instruction should the nurse provide in his cast care?

"Keep your right leg elevated above heart level."

A nurse is performing discharge teaching for an elderly client diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which statement about home safety should the nurse include?

"Most falls among the elderly occur in the home. These clients should remove throw rugs and install bathroom grab bars."

A client with a sports injury undergoes a diagnostic arthroscopy of the left knee. Which of the following comments by the client following the procedure should the nurse address first?

"My toes are numb."

A nurse is preparing a client for lumbar puncture. The client has heard about post-lumbar puncture headaches and asks how to avoid having one. The nurse tells the client that these headches can be avoided by doing which of the following after the procedure?

"Remain prone for 2 to 3 hours."

Which cranial nerve is tested by listening to a ticking watch?

Acoustic

Which of the following terms refers to the inability to recognize objects through a particular sensory system?

Agnosia

Emergency medical technicians transport a client to the emergency department. They tell the nurse, "He fell from a two-story building. He has a large contusion on his left chest and a hematoma in the left parietal area. He has a compound fracture of his left femur and he's comatose. We intubated him and he's maintaining an arterial oxygen saturation of 92% by pulse oximeter with a manual-resuscitation bag." Which intervention by the nurse has the highest priority?

Assessing the left leg

Two days after application of a cast to treat a fractured femur, the patient tells the orthopedic heath care provider that he is experiencing severe, deep, and constant pain in his leg. The nurse suspects a diagnosis of:

Compartment syndrome.

The nurse is performing a neurovascular assessment of a client's injured extremity. Which of the following would the nurse report?

Dusky or mottled skin color

A patient is diagnosed with a fracture of a diarthrosis joint. The nurse knows that an example of this type of joint is the:

Elbow.

The nurse would expect which of the following diagnostic tests to be ordered for a patient with lower extremity muscle weakness?

Electromyograph (EMG)

A client presents to the emergency department gently holding the left arm, which is slightly swollen and painful to the touch. Based on these findings, the nurse:

Elevates the arm and applies an ice pack

Which of the following is the most common site of joint effusion?

Knee

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for muscles that move the eye and lid?

Oculomotor

Which cells are involved in bone resorption?

Osteoclasts

Which of the following is a hallmark sign of compartment syndrome?

Pain

The nurse observes the client and notes a shuffling gait. The nurse recognizes this finding is consistent with:

Parkinson's disease

Which of the following would the nurse perform when assessing the peroneal nerve?

Prick the skin mid-way between the great and second toe.

The nurse recognizes that goal of treatment for metastatic bone cancer is to:

Promote pain relief and quality of life

The nurse is educating the patient with low back pain about the proper way to lift objects. What muscle should the nurse encourage the patient to maximize?

Quadriceps

Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan for a client who has undergone arthrography?

Report joint crackling or clicking noises occurring after the second day.

Which of the following terms refers to an injury to ligaments and other soft tissues of a joint?

Sprain *

Morton's neuroma is exhibited by which of the following clinical manifestations?

Swelling of the third (lateral) branch of the median plantar nerve *

Skull sutures are an example of which type of joint?

Synarthrosis

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of a pulmonary emboli (PE)?

Tachycardia

A client, age 50, visits the physician for a routine checkup. The history reveals that the client was diagnosed with a spinal curvature at age 45. The nurse knows that life-threatening complications can occur if the progressive spinal curvature exceeds 65 degrees. Which region of the spine should the nurse assess for complications?

Thoracic

The provider orders the Romberg test for a patient. The nurse tells the patient that the provider wants to evaluate his equilibrium by assessing which cranial nerve?

VIII

Which of the following may occur if a client experiences compartment syndrome in an upper extremity?

Volkmann's contracture

Assessment to quickly identify the presence of infection with an open fracture is an important nursing responsibility. Which of the following are indicators of an infection? Select all that apply.

Warm and tender skin Leukocytosis Pyrexia

Instructions for the patient with low back pain include that when lifting the patient should

avoid overreaching.

After a plane crash, a client is brought to the emergency department with severe burns and respiratory difficulty. The nurse helps to secure a patent airway and attends to the client's immediate needs, then prepares to perform an initial neurologic assessment. The nurse should perform an:

evaluation of the corneal reflex response.

chronic osteomyelitis, antibiotics are adjunctive therapy in which of the following situations

surgical debridment *

A female client has undergone a lumbar puncture for a neurological assessment. The client is put under the post-procedure care of a nurse. Which of the following important post-procedure nursing interventions should be performed to ensure maximum comfort to the client? Choose all that apply.

-Position the client flat for at least three hours or as directed by the physician. -Encourage a liberal fluid intake for the client.

A patient visits an orthopedic specialist because of pain that he feels beginning in his low back and radiating behind his right thigh and down below his right knee. The doctor suspects a diagnosis of sciatica. The nurse knows that the origin of the pain is between these intervertebral disks:

L4, L5, and S1

The human body has 206 bones, which are classified into four categories. Which types of bones are located in the forearm?

Long bones

The nurse is providing care to a client following a knee arthroscopy. Which of the following would the nurse expect to include in the client's plan of care?

Administering the prescribed analgesic. *

A patient is diagnosed with osteogenic sarcoma. What laboratory studies should the nurse monitor for the presence of elevation?

Alkaline phosphatase

Working hard to memorize the functions of the cranial nerves is a typical part of nursing school. Not only is it important to correlate the proper nerve number and name, but including the proper function makes this task quite a challenge! Which cranial nerves are enabling you to read this question?

All options are correct

Which medication directly inhibits osteoclasts thereby reducing bone loss and increasing BMD?

Calcitonin (Miacalcin)

The nurse is preparing an education program on risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Which of the following would be inappropriate risk factor for the nurse to include in the teaching program?

Calcium-rich diet

An important nursing assessment, post fracture, is to evaluate neurovascular status. Therefore, the nurse should check for:

Capillary refill.

The nurse is assessing the pupils of a patient who has had a head injury. What does the nurse recognize as a parasympathetic effect?

Constricted pupils

Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to find in a client who has had osteoporosis for several years?

Decreased height

If a patient has a lower motor neuron lesion, the nurse would expect which of the following?

Decreased muscle tone

Which of the following is a sympathetic nervous system effect?

Decreased peristalsis

Radiographic evaluation of a client's fracture reveals that a bone fragment has been driven into another bone fragment. The nurse identifies this as which type of fracture?

Impacted

A 39-year-old softball player has been brought to the ED by his teammates. The client was fielding a fly ball, fell, and injured his hip. He cannot place weight on the leg and is in significant pain. After radiographs indicate intact yet malpositioned bones, what repair would you expect the physician to perform?

Joint manipulation and immobilization *

Which of the following is an inaccurate clinical manifestation of a fracture?

Lengthening

Which of the following is a factor that inhibits fracture healing?

Local malignancy

A patient had hand surgery to correct a Dupuytren's contracture. What nursing intervention is a priority postoperatively?

Performing hourly neurovascular assessments for the first 24 hours

The brain is a complex structure and is divided into three parts: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres and is further divided into four lobes per hemisphere. Which section of the brain controls and coordinates muscle movements?

The cerebellum

A nurse is caring for a client who's experiencing septic arthritis. This client has a history of immunosuppressive therapy and his immune system is currently depressed. Which assignment is the most appropriate for the nurse caring for this client?

The nurse is caring for this client on the intensive care unit.

lordosis

swayback, an exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine.

A client experiences a musculoskeletal injury that involves the structure that connects a muscle to the bone. The nurse understands that this injury involves which of the following?

tendon

Which of the following is the priority nursing diagnosis for the client preparing for a bone marrow biopsy?

Deficient knowledge: procedure

A patient has a deficiency of the neurotransmitter serotonin. The nurse is aware that this deficiency can lead to:

Depression.

A patient is having low back pain. What position can the nurse suggest to relieve this discomfort?

Supine, with the knees slightly flexed and the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees

When the patient who has experienced trauma to an extremity complains of severe burning pain, vasomotor changes, and muscles spasms in the injured extremity, the nurse recognizes that the patient is likely demonstrating signs of

complex regional pain syndrome.

Which of the following statements describes paresthesia?

Abnormal sensations

In a typical spinal cord, it functions as a "highway" for sensory and descending motor neurons - to provide conduction of impulses to and from the brain. The spinal cord is surrounded and protected by bony vertebrae. Where does the spinal cord end?

Between the first and second lumbar vertebrae

A nurse is caring for an elderly female client with osteoporosis. When teaching the client, the nurse should include information about which major complication?

Bone fracture

When performing a physical assessment of a client, the client reports numbness, tingling, and pain when the nurse percusses lightly over the median nerve. The nurse recognizes that this finding is consistent with:

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Which common problem of the upper extremity results from entrapment of the median nerve at the wrist?

Carpal tunnel syndrome

The critical care nurse is giving report on a client they are caring for. The nurse uses the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to assess the level of consciousness (LOC) of a female client and reports to the on-coming nurse that the client has an LOC of 6. What does an LOC score of 6 in a client indicate?

Comatose

Which type of fracture produces several bone fragments?

Comminuted

Which of the following is a neurovascular problem caused by pressure within a muscle area that increases to such an extent that microcirculation diminishes?

Compartment syndrome

After a car accident, a client is admitted to an acute care facility with multiple traumatic injuries, including a fractured pelvis. For 24 to 48 hours after the accident, the nurse must monitor the client closely for which potential complication of a fractured pelvis?

Fat embolism

The femur fracture that commonly leads to avascular necrosis or nonunion because of an abundant supply of blood vessels in the area is a fracture of the:

Femoral neck.

Which of the following deformity causes a exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine?

Lordosis

The client presents with an exaggeration of the lumbar spine curve. The nurse interprets these findings as indicative of:

Lordosis *

Which of the following is an age-related change to the musculoskeletal system?

Loss of bone mass

Which nursing intervention is appropriate for minimizing muscle spasms in the client with a hip fracture?

Maintain Buck's traction.

A 16-year-old patient is seen in the emergency room for a knee injury that happened during a basketball game. Diagnostic tests reveal torn cords of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones. The nurse knows that the patient had sustained a tear of the:

Tendon.

Hypercalcemia is a dangerous complication of bone cancer. Therefore, nursing assessment includes evaluation of symptoms that require immediate treatment. Which of the following are signs/symptoms that are indictors of an elevated serum calcium? Select all that apply.

a Muscle weakness c. Anorexia and constipation e. Shortened QT interval f. Lack of muscle coordination