menopause ch 53 adaptive quiz
A postmenopausal woman is on combined hormone therapy with estrogen and progesterone. What information should the nurse provide to this patient regarding advantages of hormonal therapy? It reduces the risk of hip fractures and colorectal cancer. It may cause breast enlargement, which is a common side effect. The therapy helps to treat hot flashes and vaginal atrophic changes.
Hormonal therapy with estrogen and progesterone reduces the risk of hip fractures and colorectal cancer. However, breast enlargement is a common side effect. The therapy is beneficial in treating menopause symptoms like hot flashes and vaginal atrophic changes. The therapy does not decrease the risk of heart disease and stroke; in fact, it tends to increase the risk for these two conditions. The combined therapy of estrogen and progesterone is given to women who have a uterus. Women without a uterus are treated with only estrogen. p. 1249
The nurse is educating a female patient who is experiencing menopausal symptoms about conditions at which the patient will now be at a greater risk. For which conditions will the nurse monitor this patient? Depression Osteoporosis Bladder infections Coronary artery disease
Menopause is caused by a decrease in the function of the ovaries, which causes estrogen levels to drop. The loss of estrogen plays a significant role in the cause of age-related alterations, which increase the patient's risk of depression, osteoporosis, bladder infections, and coronary artery disease.
The nurse is educating a teenage patient about risk factors for cancer of the reproductive system. Which patient statements demonstrate understanding of the education? "I will avoid alcohol." "I will avoid smoking." "I will increase my intake of dietary fiber." "I will use condoms for sexual intercourse." "I will limit sexual activity in my adolescent years." "I will urinate as soon as sexual intercourse is over."
Teaching women about risk factors for cancers of the reproductive system includes limiting adolescent sexual activity, using condoms, and avoiding smoking. Avoiding alcohol and increasing the consumption of dietary fiber are preventive measures for other cancers. Urinating when sexual intercourse is over may help prevent urinary tract infections but not cancer of the reproductive system. p. 1260
A patient confides in the nurse that she has started experiencing dyspareunia and asks, "Is there anything I can do about this?" What is the nurse's best response? "No, it is part of the aging process." "Water-soluble vaginal lubricants may provide relief." "You need to be evaluated for a sexually transmitted infection (STI)." "You may have vaginal scar tissue that is producing the discomfort."
b. Loss of lubrication with resulting discomfort in intercourse (dyspareunia) is a symptom of estrogen deficiency, which is a normal part of the perimenopausal or postmenopausal time. The use of lubrication will help relieve the symptoms. Dyspareunia may be part of the aging process, but a lubricant can be used to alleviate it. This does not indicate an STI. It is caused by loss of lubrication with the decrease in estrogen. Scar tissue problems would have occurred earlier.
A patient with uterine fibroids causing Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (HMB) informs the nurse that she wants to become pregnant. About what treatment will the nurse educate the patient that will have the best outcome? Cryotherapy Hysterectomy Myomectomy Microwave energy
c. Myomectomy is the surgical removal of fibroids without removal of the uterus and would be beneficial for the patient who wants to have children. Cryotherapy, hysterectomy, and microwave energy are surgical procedures that would be performed on a patient who does not want to have children.
Because of the risks associated with hormone therapy (HT), a female patient does not want to take HT and asks the nurse how she can tolerate the perimenopausal symptoms of hot flashes and sweating at night. What is the best response by the nurse? Increase warmth to avoid chills. Maintain good nutrition to avoid osteoporosis. Decrease heat production and increase heat loss. Take vitamin B complex and use vaginal lubrication.
c. To avoid hot flashes and sweating at night, decrease heat production with a cool environment, limit caffeine and alcohol, and practice relaxation techniques. Heat loss may be facilitated with increased circulation in the room, avoidance of heavy bedding, and wearing loose fitting clothes. Warmth will facilitate hot flashes. Maintaining good nutrition, taking vitamin B complex, and using vaginal lubrication will help with other complications of perimenopause, but not hot flashes and sweating at night. p. 1249
A nurse is educating a patient with a diagnosis of menopause who is not receiving hormone replacement therapy about strategies to prevent or reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Which patient statement is most important for the nurse to determine that the education is understood? "Exercise will keep me and my bones strong." "I will go outside to make sure I get enough vitamin D." "Good nutrition is important to reduce my risk of osteoporosis." "I should have an intake of at least 1,500 mg of calcium every day."
d. Menopausal women who are not receiving hormone replacement therapy should have an intake of at least 1,500 mg of calcium every day to counteract the loss in bone density. Either dietary calcium or calcium supplements may be used. Exercise plays a role in decreasing the weight gain and fatigue that are often attributed to menopause. Vitamin D helps to maintain healthy bones but should be used in conjunction with calcium to decrease the loss in bone density. Good nutrition can decrease the risk of osteoporosis, but this statement alone does not include the importance of adequate calcium intake.
