META-COMM Chapter 11 and 12

_____ is an educated guess about a cause-and-effect relationship between two or more things.

A hypothesis

Which of the following is a reliable way of gathering information about an unfamiliar audience?

Asking the contact person for information

_________ is the study of the intended audience for a speech.

Audience analysis

_________ is an uncritical, nonevaluative process of generating associated ideas.

Brainstorming

Which of the following is the best way to evaluate the expertise of the author of an anonymous article on the Internet?

By evaluating the qualifications of the organization sponsoring the article

_____ illuminate a point by showing similarities, whereas _____ highlight differences.

Comparisons; contrasts

_____ is a visual means of exploring connections between a subject and related ideas.

Concept mapping

In the context of the fundamental organizational patterns used for a speech, identify a true statement about topical order.

It arranges the main points using logical relationships among them.

In the context of speech introductions, which of the following best defines a story?

It is an account of something that has happened or could happen.

Which of the following statements is true of a preparation outline?

It is the first draft of organizing the main points and supporting material into a speech outline.

Which of the following statements is true of a clincher that is developed using vivid imagery?

It leaves listeners with pictures imprinted in their minds.

Which of the following strategies should be followed while developing the conclusion of a speech?

It should leave the audience with a vivid impression

Which of the following instances best exemplifies the use of primary research?

Jackson reports data from the survey he conducted for his speech.

Which of the following is a guideline one should follow for determining the main points for a speech when they are not obvious?

List the ideas one believes relate to one's specific goal

Candice wants to persuade her audience to reduce air pollution by using public transportation and carpooling. She wants to arrange her main points as explanations to support her speech. In this case, which of the following organizational patterns is most likely to help Candice?

Logical reasons order

Which of the following guidelines should be followed while completing the final review of the outline of your speech?

Main points and major subpoints should be written as complete sentences.

_____ is the practice of ignoring the values, needs, interests, and subject-specific knowledge of some audience

Marginalizing

_________ are references to an original source, made at the point in a speech where information from that source is presented.

Oral footnotes

A _________ question is one that does not require an overt response from an audience.

Rhetorical

_________ are complete sentences that show the relationship between and bridge major parts of a speech.

Section transitions

_________ are words or phrases that connect pieces of supporting material to the main point or subpoint they address.

Signposts

_________ is a method of rapidly viewing a work to determine what is covered and how.

Skimming

Which of the following is one of the four primary goals achieved by an effective speech introduction?

Stating the thesis

Which of the following statements is true of using statistical information in research work?

Statistics should be used to show comparisons.

_____ is assuming all members of a group have similar knowledge, behaviors, or beliefs simply because they belong to that group.

Stereotyping

Which of the following should one remember while evaluating secondary sources of information?

The latest version of an online article is preferred to the older version.

Which of the following statements is true of narratives?

They can be used to gain and keep the audience's attention.

_________ are words, phrases, or sentences that show the relationship between main points in the body of a speech.

Transitions

Alia, a professor of zoology, wants to use concept mapping for her speech at a seminar. In which of the following situations will that be effective?

When there are several topics related to the subject of her speech

Simon is giving a speech on time management. He starts his speech by saying, "Each one of you must have had days when you had to race against time or performed inadequately due to lack of time. This speech should give you ideas on how to manage time." In this scenario, Simon's opening serves the purpose of

a listener relevance link.

The difference between a topic and a subject is

a topic is a narrow aspect of a subject, whereas a subject is a broad area of knowledge.

In the context of secondary research sources, _____ sources present information that often includes a balanced discussion of controversial ideas.

accurate

A(n) _____ is an attention-getting act designed to highlight and arouse interest in your topic.

action

The body of a speech must be prepared

after assembling information about a topic.

A(n) _________ bibliography is a preliminary record of the relevant sources a person finds as he or she conducts research.

annotated

Stan was delivering a speech on road safety rules. While concluding, he said, "Please don't drink and drive. I'm sure everyone will go home safe after this speech!" Stan's conclusion is an example of a(n)

appeal to action.

Sarah is creating a preparation outline for her speech, and she wants to maintain a parallel structure in her main points. In this case, her main points will be parallel in structure if they

begin with an active verb.

A _____ is a short statement that provides a sense of closure by driving home the importance of your speech in a memorable way.

clincher

The specific goal statement of a speech should

contain one central idea.

In the context of speech introductions, the term "_____" refers to the perception the audience has about the speaker's competence and character.

credibility

As secondary sources of information, periodical articles are excellent sources of

current or highly specialized information about a topic.

When a speech outline has been organized according to the principle of subordination, _____.

each major subpoint relates to or supports its major point

The process of collecting data through fieldwork observations is referred to as _____.

ethnography

Lloyd Bitzer (1968), the scholar who introduced the concept of the rhetorical situation, coined the term "_____" as the reason a speech needs to be given.

exigence

True or false? Brainstorming is a process of evaluating new ideas.

false

True or false? It is not necessary to cite a source when using close paraphrases.

false

True or false? Primary research is easier than secondary research.

false

True or false? Section transitions preview the main points of a speech without summarizing them.

false

True or false? The Chicago Manual of Style is the standard formal bibliographic style format for all speeches.

false

True or false? The main points and major subpoints of a speech outline should be written as incomplete sentences.

false

The specific goal of a speech

identifies the desired response a speaker wants from the target audience.

Calvin is preparing to give a speech in his personality development class. He wants to know the general attitudes of the members of his intended audience. However, he does not want to ask them directly because he wants his speech to be a surprise. He is also unsure if they will answer honestly. In this scenario, Calvin could obtain this information by _____.

informally observing them

In the context of the fundamental organizational patterns used for a speech, _____ structures the main points according to explanations for accepting a thesis as desirable or true.

logical reasons order

Jose is a history student. In one of his research papers, he quotes a well-known anthropologist's opinion on the human race to validate his research but does not mention the source of the quote. In this scenario, Jose is involved in the act of _____.

plagiarism

Sheila, a social worker, is going to deliver a speech at a seminar. She wants at least half her audience to be involved in charitable work after listening to her speech. This is most likely a _____ of Sheila's speech.

specific goal

A _____ is an expression or example that grabs the audience's attention by shocking them in some way.

startling statement

Amber, in one of her sessions on public speaking, says, "Today, everybody knows me as a great orator and a speech trainer. But, did you know that I was not able to speak until the age of ten?" In this scenario, Amber's expression is most likely an example of a _____.

startling statement

The term "_____" refers to a direct examination of people to gather information about their ideas and opinions.

survey

If a speaker words his or her attention-getter so that it generates uncertainty and excites the audience, the speaker is using _____ to get the audience's attention.

suspense

In the context of clinchers, _________ in a speech describes the behavior that you want your listeners to follow after they have heard your arguments.

the appeal to action

The term "_____" refers to a one- or two-sentence summary that incorporates your general and specific goals and previews the main points of your speech.

thesis statement

Elise is giving a speech on rockets. In her speech, she explains the stages involved in launching a rocket in a sequence. In this scenario, Elise is using an organizational pattern called

time order.

True or false? A preparation outline provides a draft of the main points in the form of incomplete sentences.

true

True or false? An introduction is generally about 10 percent of the entire speech.

true

True or false? The overall intent of a speech is known as the general goal.

true

True or false? The space where a speech is given affects the speech.

true