Meteorology

Which of the following statements concerning the conditions in the lower part of the atmosphere is correct? Select one: a. The tropopause is lower during the winter than in summer. b. In the lower part of the stratosphere the temperature decreases with on an average 2° C per 1.000 ft. c. The troposphere has a larger vertical extension when the average temperature is low. d. That part where the temperature on an average decreases with height is called the tropopause.

a. The tropopause is lower during the winter than in summer

Horizontal movement of air is known as Select one: a. advection. b. subsidence. c. convergence. d. convection.

a. advection.

Showery precipitation is most likely to be associated with Select one: a. cumulonimbus type clouds. b. a warm front. c. nimbostratus type clouds. d. orographic lift.

a. cumulonimbus type clouds.

A METAR reports winds in Select one: a. knots and true. b. miles per hour and magnetic. c. miles per hour and true. d. knots and magnetic.

a. knots and true.

The main difference between PPI, CAPPI, and DOPPLER radar is Select one: a. that Doppler radar can sense reflectivity as well as radial velocity. b. that Doppler radar can sense all types of weather. c. that Doppler radar can detect all thunderstorms. d. none of the above.

a. that Doppler radar can sense reflectivity as well as radial velocity.

A cold front is Select one: a. the leading edge of an advancing cold air mass. b. the cold air being pushed by an advancing warm air mass. c. a body of air with the same cold temperature throughout. d. the trailing edge of an advancing cold air mass.

a. the leading edge of an advancing cold air mass.

The 700 mB chart level is equivalent to a pressure altitude of 10 000 feet ASL. Select one: True False

True

Altimeters that are in error by more than ____' when given a correct altimeter setting must be re-calibrated. Select one: a. 25 b. 50 c. 75 d. 100

b. 50

Precipitation is more readily associated with which weather system? Select one: a. High pressure b. Cyclonic c. Anticyclone d. Convection

b. Cyclonic

The air mass that brings clear and pleasant weather to the North is the Select one: a. Continental Arctic. b. Maritime Arctic. c. Maritime Polar. d. Maritime Tropical.

b. Maritime Arctic.

A cloud not of vertical development would be Select one: a. TCU. b. NS. c. CB. d. CU.

b. NS.

Seasonal changes in the climate occurs because Select one: a. Earth's orbital speed around the Sun varies according to the time of year. b. of the difference between the Tropical Year and the Calendar Year. c. Earth's spin axis is inclined to the plane of its orbit around the Sun. d. the distance between Earth and Sun varies over a year.

c. Earth's spin axis is inclined to the plane of its orbit around the Sun.

Which is not associated with stable air? Select one: a. Layer type cloud b. Smooth flying c. Good visibility d. Steady precipitation

c. Good visibility

Areas of light icing could be found on the Select one: a. clouds and weather chart and in the comments box. b. ICG TURB & FZLVL chart enclosed by blue border with speckled hatch pattern. c. ICG TURB & FZLVL chart comments box. d. clouds and weather chart comments box.

c. ICG TURB & FZLVL chart comments box.

Mountain waves having the largest amplitudes are found Select one: a. near the tropopause. b. near the height of the ridge. c. near the surface. d. between 3 000 to 6 000 feet above the ridge.

d. between 3 000 to 6 000 feet above the ridge.

How can the pilot know whether the radar image is ground clutter or precipitation? Select one: a. Upgrade the radar system to a CAPPI radar system that does not show ground clutter. b. Look at a series of radar images, if the echoes are moving then it is ground clutter. c. Look at a series of radar images, if the echoes are not moving it is ground clutter. d. Ground clutter will show as a different color then the normal radar echo.

c. Look at a series of radar images, if the echoes are not moving it is ground clutter.

The air mass that is responsible for bringing Canada cool, moist and damp weather is the Select one: a. Continental Arctic. b. Maritime Arctic. c. Maritime Polar. d. Maritime Tropical.

c. Maritime Polar.

Which is incorrect? Select one: a. Warm front rainfall is typically steady. b. Cold front rainfall is typically showery. c. Mountains have the ability to decrease the amounts of cyclonic rainfall. d. Rain shadows are typical of the leeward side of a mountain range.

c. Mountains have the ability to decrease the amounts of cyclonic rainfall.

Which cloud may produce light to moderate precipitation? Select one: a. SC b. AS c. NS d. ST

c. NS

How is visibility reported in a METAR? Select one: a. Flight visibility as seen from the cockpit. b. Visibility as seen from the tower. c. Prevailing visibility near ground level. d. Visibility determined by RVR sensors.

c. Prevailing visibility near ground level.

A stratus cloud covering half the sky at an altitude of 2 000 feet ASL over an airport with an elevation of 1 000 feet ASL would be forecast in a TAF as Select one: a. SCT020. b. BKN020. c. SCT010. d. BKN010.

c. SCT010.

Regarding upper level charts, which statement is false? Select one: a. Indicates past weather conditions. b. Shows reported conditions aloft of wind speed and direction, temperatures, frontal positions, and pressure systems. c. Shows reported conditions at the surface of wind speed and direction, temperatures, frontal positions, and pressure systems. d. Gives a picture of the extent of weather systems, cloud levels, and thunderstorms.

c. Shows reported conditions at the surface of wind speed and direction, temperatures, frontal positions, and pressure systems.

After a downpour yesterday the visibility today has improved and it is colder with isolated rain showers and with sunny spells. Being described is Select one: a. a tropical storm. b. the weather ahead of the cold front. c. the weather behind the cold front. d. a warm front.

c. the weather behind the cold front.

The presence of ice pellets at the surface is evidence that Select one: a. a warm front is overhead. b. a cold front has passed. c. there is freezing rain at a higher altitude. d. there are thunderstorms in the area.

c. there is freezing rain at a higher altitude.

PATWAS is Select one: a. accessing the internet for a weather briefing. b. using the telephone to call a weather briefer. c. using the telephone to access a recorded weather briefing. d. none of the above.

c. using the telephone to access a recorded weather briefing.

As altitude is gained the winds tends to Select one: a. back and increase. b. veer and decrease. c. veer and increase. d. back and decrease.

c. veer and increase.

According to Buys Ballot Select one: a. when facing the wind your left hand points to the low pressure system. b. with your back to the wind your left hand points to the high pressure system. c. with your back to the wind your right hand points to the high pressure system. d. none of the above are correct.

c. with your back to the wind your right hand points to the high pressure system.

High humidity and clear skies with light winds can produce Select one: a. upslope fog. b. steam fog. c. advection fog. d. radiation fog.

d. radiation fog.

The greatest amount of turbulence is typically found in Select one: a. lenticular clouds. b. stratocumulus clouds. c. cap clouds. d. rotor clouds.

d. rotor clouds.

Dissipation of clouds is related to Select one: a. an increase pressure. b. convection. c. a decrease in temperature. d. subsidence.

d. subsidence.

What is standard temperature at 20,000 feet? Select one: A. -25 °C B. -20 °C C. -15 °C D. -5 °C

A. -25 °C

1. A vertical visibility entry does not constitute a ceiling. 2. Fog (FG) can be reported only if the visibility is less than 5/8 mile. 3. The ceiling layer will be designated by a C. 4. Mist (BR) can be reported only if the visibility is 5/8 mile and greater. 5. Temperatures reported below zero will be prefixed with a "-". 6. There is no provision to report partial obscurations. Which statements are true regarding an aviation routine weather report (METAR)? Select one: A. 1, 2, 5, and 6. B. 4 and 6. C. 2, 4, and 6. D. 2, 3, and 5.

C. 2, 4, and 6

In a terminal aerodrome forecast (TAF) the abbreviation VRB will be used to indicated when the wind is Select one: A. 9 knots or less. B. 6 knots or less. C. 3 knots or less. D. 5 knots or less.

C. 3 knots or less.

In a TAF cloud heights are given in feet . . . . . and winds in . . . . . Select one: A. ASL unless otherwise noted, knots. B. ASL, knots. C. AGL, knots. D. MSL, miles per hour.

C. AGL, knots.

Under what condition is pressure altitude and density altitude the same value? Select one: A. Only when altimeter is 29.92'' Hg, and temperature is standard. B. When the altimeter setting is 29.92" Hg. C. At standard temperature. D. When indicated, and pressure altitudes are the same value on the altimeter.

C. At standard temperature.

To reduce the icing intensity while in cumulus cloud: Select one: A. Always change altitude by climbing with the fastest rate possible. B. Icing intensity is not affected by altitude. C. Avoid altitudes where the temperature is between 0º and -10º Celcius. D. Avoid altitudes where the temperature is colder than -20º Celcius.

C. Avoid altitudes where the temperature is between 0º and -10º Celcius.

Hoar frost forms on an aircraft when its surfaces are __________ freezing and the surrounding air is warmer but below freezing and _________. Select one: A. Below, dry B. Above, dry C. Below, moist D. Above, moist

C. Below, moist

The most serious icing is found in: Select one: A. Cirrus. B. All types of cloud. C. Cumulus cloud. D. Stratus cloud.

C. Cumulus cloud.

Which type of icing would anti-icing/de-icing equipment be more effective on? Select one: A. Snow B. Clear C. Rime D. Mixed

C. Rime

The in-flight advisory which would contain information on severe icing is the Select one: A. NOTAM. B. PIREP. C. SIGMET. D. AIRMET.

C. SIGMET.

With respect to airframe icing, which of the following is true? Airframe icing causes: Select one: A. The centre of pressure to move forward. B. Critical stalling angle of attack of the wing will be increased. C. Stalling speed to increase due to the disruption caused to the laminar flow of air on the airfoils. D. The centre of pressure to move aft ward.

C. Stalling speed to increase due to the disruption caused to the laminar flow of air on the airfoils.

Which primary source should be used to obtain forecast weather information at the destination for the planned ETA? Select one: A. Significant Prognostic Chart B. Radar Summary and Weather Depiction Chart C. Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) D. Graphical Area Forecast (GFA)

C. Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF)

With regards to airframe icing catch rate, which of the following is true? Select one: A. The slower the aircraft, the faster the catch rate. B. The speed of the aircraft does not affect the catch rate. C. The slower the aircraft, the lower the catch rate. D. The larger the droplet size, the lower the catch rate.

C. The slower the aircraft, the lower the catch rate.

In what temperature range is the risk of airframe icing most severe in convective cloud? Select one: A. 5 degrees Celsius - minus 5 degrees Celsius. B. 0 degrees Celsius - minus 23 degrees Celsius. C. 5 degrees Celsius - minus 20 degrees Celsius. D. 0 degrees Celsius - minus 10 degrees Celsius.

D. 0 degrees Celsius - minus 10 degrees Celsius.

Because hoar frost forms by deposition, we can say that hoar frost forms in: Select one: A. Clear and cloudy air. B. Fog. C. Cloudy air. D. Clear air.

D. Clear air.

What are the main types of airframe icing? Select one: A. There is only one type of airframe ice: rime ice. B. Clear ice, frost, mixed ice. C. Rime ice, smooth ice, mixed ice. D. Clear ice, rime ice, mixed ice.

D. Clear ice, rime ice, mixed ice.

The most current en route and destination weather information for a VFR flight should be obtained from the Select one: A. Center. B. FSS. C. Tower. D. FIC.

D. FIC.

Clear ice is formed in: Select one: A. Cirrus clouds. B. Ice pellets. C. Snow. D. Freezing rain.

D. Freezing rain

When the visibility is forecast to be greater than six statute miles on a TAF, it is expressed as Select one: A. >6SM. B. +6SM. C. G6SM. D. P6SM.

D. P6SM.

What effect does icing have on aircraft propellers? Select one: A. Uneven shedding of ice can cause high levels of noise, thereby increasing flight crew and passenger stress levels. B. Ice accumulating on the propeller will cause the inboard portion of the propeller to stall before the outboard portion. C. Ice accumulating on the propeller will cause the outboard portion of the propeller to stall before the inboard portion of the propeller. D. Uneven shedding of ice can cause destructive vibrations.

D. Uneven shedding of ice can cause destructive vibrations

GFAs are prepared and disseminated Select one: A. two times a day. B. sixteen times a day. C. six times a day. D. four times a day.

D. four times a day.

Airborne weather radar can see water best in its solid form. Select one: True False

False

Clouds are better defined on IR charts. Select one: True False

False

Jet streams are typically found between the altitude ranges of Select one: a. 10 000 to 30 000 feet. b. 5 000 to 20 000 feet. c. 15 000 to 25 000 feet. d. 5 000 to 40 000 feet.

a. 10 000 to 30 000 feet.

Polar orbiting satellites circle the earth . . . . . times per day. Select one: a. 14 b. 21 c. 2 d. 9

a. 14

Conditions which would most likely produce fog would be a temperature of 15°C with a dew point of Select one: a. 14°C and light winds. b. 10°C and strong winds. c. 14°C and strong winds. d. 10°C and light winds.

a. 14°C and light winds.

The dry unsaturated adiabatic lapse rate is Select one: a. 3°C per 1 000 feet. b. 2.5°C per 1 000 feet. c. 2°C per 1 000 feet. d. 1.5°C per 1 000 feet.

a. 3°C per 1 000 feet.

Unsaturated air flowing up a slope will cool at the rate of approximately Select one: a. 3°C per 1 000 feet. b. 1.5°C per 1 000 feet. c. 1.98°C per 1 000 feet. d. 2.5°C per 1 000 feet.

a. 3°C per 1 000 feet.

The motion of synoptic features on the GFA will be indicated when movement is expected to be Select one: a. 5 KT or more. b. 10 KT or more. c. 15 KT or more. d. 20 KT or more.

a. 5 KT or more.

Visibility in a TAF that is greater than . . . . . are coded as . . . . . Select one: a. 6 SM, P6SM. b. 6 NM, P6NM. c. 15 SM, P15SM. d. 15 NM, P15NM.

a. 6 SM, P6SM

When the visibility forecast by a GFA meets or exceeds . . . . . it is indicated as . . . . . Select one: a. 6 SM, P6SM. b. 6 NM, P6NM. c. 5 SM, P5SM. d. 15 SM, P15SM.

a. 6 SM, P6SM.

When a date and time is quoted as APRX in a NOTAM: Select one: a. A cancelling or replacing NOTAM must be issued. b. A NOTAMJ is issued. c. Pilots must call FSS/FIC to verify if the NOTAM has cancelled. d. The NOTAM automatically cancels at the end of the APRX time.

a. A cancelling or replacing NOTAM must be issued.

The first four characters of the NOTAM text identify the: Select one: a. Aerodrome, facility, or obstruction being advertised. b. Aerodrome NOTAM file where continuity is maintained. c. Condition of the facility. d. Type of facility.

a. Aerodrome, facility, or obstruction being advertised.

How can the stability of the atmosphere be determined? Select one: a. Ambient temperature lapse rate. b. Surface pressure. c. Atmospheric pressure at various levels. d. Surface temperature / dewpoint spread.

a. Ambient temperature lapse rate.

Which is not a factor contributing to the formation of mountain waves? Select one: a. An unstable air mass layer exists aloft. b. The wind velocity on the windward side is 25 KT or more. c. Winds aloft increase with height. d. The wind is blowing within 30° of perpendicular to the mountains.

a. An unstable air mass layer exists aloft.

During which stage of a warm front passage would most of the precipitation occur? Select one: a. Before the frontal passage. b. During the frontal passage. c. After the frontal passage. d. None of the above.

a. Before the frontal passage.

The order of clouds expected during a cold frontal passage are Select one: a. CU, TCU and then CB. b. CB, TCU and then CU. c. TCU, CB and then CU. d. CU, CB and then TCU.

a. CU, TCU and then CB

The air mass that is not prevalent during the summer in Canada is the Select one: a. Continental Arctic. b. Maritime Arctic. c. Maritime Polar. d. Maritime Tropical.

a. Continental Arctic.

Which of the following are not means of cooling the atmosphere? Select one: a. Convection b. Advection c. Radiation d. Adiabatic

a. Convection

Which is not a change of state? Select one: a. Convergance b. Freezing c. Sublimation d. Deposition

a. Convergance

The Sun's visible layers from outer to inner are the Select one: a. Corona, Chromosphere and Photosphere. b. Photosphere, Chromosphere and Corona. c. Chromosphere, Photosphere and Corona. d. Photosphere, Corona and Chromosphere.

a. Corona, Chromosphere and Photosphere.

The time of year that Antarctica experiences 24 hours of daylight is the Select one: a. December Solstice. b. September Equinox. c. March Equinox. d. June Solstice.

a. December Solstice.

Which of the following best predicts aircraft performance? Select one: a. Density altitude b. Pressure altitude c. True altitude d. Indicated altitude

a. Density altitude

During the life cycle of a thunderstorm which stage is characterized predominately by downdrafts? Select one: a. Dissipating b. Developing c. Mature d. None of the above

a. Dissipating

What can be expected regarding the airflow near a cap cloud? Select one: a. Extremely strong downdrafts are present. b. No updrafts or downdrafts are present. c. Mountain wave activity can be expected on the windward side of this mountain. d. Extremely strong updrafts are present.

a. Extremely strong downdrafts are present.

Areas of _____ pressure flow towards areas of _____ pressure. Select one: a. High; low b. Low; high c. Equal; high d. Low; equal

a. High; low

Where is a common location for an inversion? Select one: a. In the stratosphere. b. In wake turbulence. c. At the tropopause. d. At the base of cumulus clouds.

a. In the stratosphere.

An inversion is characterized by: Select one: a. Increasing temperature with increasing altitude. b. Parts of the air mass at each level is warmer than surrounding air. c. Constant temperature with increasing altitude. d. The tendency to increase relative humidity with increasing altitude.

a. Increasing temperature with increasing altitude.

What percentage of the earth's atmosphere is composed of water vapour? Select one: a. Less than 1% b. Around 10% c. Around 5% d. Around 25%

a. Less than 1%

What is the order of the air masses typical of North America from south to north? Select one: a. Maritime Tropical, Maritime Polar, Maritime Arctic and then Continental Arctic. b. Maritime Polar, Maritime Tropical, Maritime Arctic and then Continental Arctic. c. Maritime Tropical, Maritime Polar, Continental Arctic and then Maritime Arctic. d. Maritime Tropical, Maritime Arctic, Maritime Polar and then Continental Arctic.

a. Maritime Tropical, Maritime Polar, Maritime Arctic and then Continental Arctic.

When a NOTAM is replaced what type of NOTAM is issued? Select one: a. NOTAMR b. APRX is stated in the new NOTAM c. NOTAM2 d. NOTAMN

a. NOTAMR

The radar system which produces the fastest image scan is the Select one: a. PPI. b. DPI. c. CAPPI. d. DPPI.

a. PPI.

What type of precipitation is expected at an active unstable cold front? Select one: a. Showers associated with thunderstorms b. Freezing rain c. Light to moderate continuous rain d. Drizzle

a. Showers associated with thunderstorms

The time of year when day or night is the longest is the Select one: a. Solstice, occurring approximately June 21st and December 20th. b. Equinox, occurring approximately June 21st and December 20th. c. Solstice, occurring approximately March 21st and September 21st. d. Equinox, occurring approximately March 21st and September 21st.

a. Solstice, occurring approximately June 21st and December 20th.

What are the requirements for thunderstorm formation? Select one: a. Sufficient moisture, an unstable lapse rate, and lifting action. b. A fast moving cold front. c. Sufficient moisture and a lifting action. d. Towering cumulus clouds, sufficient moisture, and a frontal zone.

a. Sufficient moisture, an unstable lapse rate, and lifting action.

The radiation of the sun heats: Select one: a. The surface of the earth, which heats the air in the troposphere. b. The water vapour in the air of the troposphere. c. The air in the troposphere only directly if no clouds are present. d. The air in the troposphere directly.

a. The surface of the earth, which heats the air in the troposphere.

What is the purpose of a DUAT? Select one: a. To provide weather briefing prior to a flight on a console at a FBO. b. To provide weather briefing during flight through duplex communication between VHF transmission and receiving on the NAV channel. c. To provide automated weather information prior to flight over the telephone. d. To enable the pilot to talk directly with a weather briefer prior to the flight.

a. To provide weather briefing prior to a flight on a console at a FBO.

120001 NOTAMN CYAM SAULT STE.MARIE CYAM ALL AD LGT U/S 1307311800 TIL 1307312000 Which is the incorrect statement about the NOTAM? Select one: a. Valid from 31 July 2013 at 18:00 local till 31 July 2013 at 20:00 local. b. Valid from 31 July 2013 at 18:00 UTC till 31st July 2013 at 20:00 UTC. c. 120001 is the NOTAM continuity number. d. All aerodrome lights are unserviceable for CYAM.

a. Valid from 31 July 2013 at 18:00 local till 31 July 2013 at 20:00 local.

Which is not a characteristic weather pattern just before a cold front passes over? Select one: a. Visibility good, except in precipitation. b. Short periods of precipitation. c. Dew point is high and remains steady. d. Pressure is falling steadily.

a. Visibility good, except in precipitation.

Which are favorable conditions for the formation of freezing rain? Select one: a. Warm air aloft from which rain is falling into air with a temperature below 0°C. b. Cold air aloft from which hail is falling into air that is warm. c. Water droplets falling from cold air aloft with a temperature below 0°C. d. An isothermal layer aloft with a temperature just above 0°C through which rain is falling.

a. Warm air aloft from which rain is falling into air with a temperature below 0°C.

A weather report that may be linked to a VOR frequency is called Select one: a. a TWB. b. a PATWAS. c. a DUAT. d. an AWBS.

a. a TWB.

The primary ingredients required for thunderstorm formation are Select one: a. a high moisture content, a steep lapse rate, and a lifting agent. b. strong winds, a cold front, and a steep lapse rate. c. a warm front, 100% humidity, and light winds. d. a source for moisture, a lifting agent, and a shallow lapse rate.

a. a high moisture content, a steep lapse rate, and a lifting agent.

XM weather receives weather information from Select one: a. a satellite receiver. b. a cellular tower. c. the internet. d. an AM receiver.

a. a satellite receiver.

Not a characteristic of stable air is Select one: a. a steep lapse rate. b. steady precipitation. c. a close temperature and dew point spread. d. fog.

a. a steep lapse rate.

Environmental lapse rate is known as the Select one: a. actual drop in temperature with increase in altitude. b. theoretical drop in temperature with altitude in dry air. c. theoretical drop in temperature with altitude in saturated air. d. average theoretical drop in temperature with altitude in air.

a. actual drop in temperature with increase in altitude.

When warm moist air travels across a cool surface forms Select one: a. advection fog. b. upslope fog. c. radiation fog. d. steam fog.

a. advection fog.

A situation most conducive to the formation of advection fog is Select one: a. an air mass moving inland from the coastline during the winter. b. a light breeze moving colder air over a water surface. c. a warm moist air mass settling over a cool surface under no-wind conditions. d. extremely moist air moving over a warmer surface.

a. an air mass moving inland from the coastline during the winter.

In a thunderstorm pilots should be on alert for hail when radar echoes Select one: a. are well defined. b. show turbulence. c. are poorly defined. d. show none of the above.

a. are well defined.

If you must cross a mountain ridge while strong winds are present, cross the ridge Select one: a. at a 45° angle with at least 3 000 feet above the ridge. b. at a 60° angle at least 1 000 feet above the ridge height. c. only from the windward side and only if at least 2 000 feet above the ridge. d. at a 90° angle at least 1 000 feet above the ridge.

a. at a 45° angle with at least 3 000 feet above the ridge.

The term OCNL refers to cloud coverage Select one: a. between 25 to 50%. b. between 50 to 100%. c. less than 25%. d. greater than 50%.

a. between 25 to 50%.

The Polar Front jet stream is found Select one: a. between 40° and 60° in both hemispheres. b. in the division between the Ferrel and Hadley cells. c. between 25° and 30° in both hemispheres. d. in both answers (a) and (b).

a. between 40° and 60° in both hemispheres.

On an infrared satellite image, colder temperatures are depicted as . . . . . and correspond to . . . . . altitudes. Select one: a. brighter, higher b. darker, lower c. darker, higher d. brighter, lower

a. brighter, higher

The Tricellular model predicts the weather conditions at 30° Latitude to be Select one: a. clear skies and stable weather. b. high cumulonimbus clouds and unstable weather. c. very gentle winds. d. cyclonic rainfall.

a. clear skies and stable weather.

Cloud names containing the affix nimbus identify Select one: a. clouds that produce precipitation. b. clouds with vertical development. c. clouds that occur at low altitudes. d. towering cumulus clouds with lightning.

a. clouds that produce precipitation.

Regarding visible satellite images it is incorrect that Select one: a. thunderstorms can be detected. b. cumuliform clouds are not readily seen. c. banks of fog are readily recognized. d. at low sun angles the clouds can take on a 3D appearance.

b. cumuliform clouds are not readily seen.

The most rapid accumulation of clear ice on an aircraft in flight may occur with temperatures between 0°C to -10°C in Select one: a. any clouds or dry snow. b. cumuliform clouds. c. stratiform clouds. d. advection Fog.

b. cumuliform clouds.

The cloud associated with violent turbulence and a tendency toward the production of funnel clouds is Select one: a. rotor. b. cumulonimbus mammatus. c. standing lenticular. d. altocumulus castellanus.

b. cumulonimbus mammatus.

A sea breeze occurs during the Select one: a. night and blows towards the sea. b. day and blows towards shore. c. day and blows towards the sea. d. night and blows towards shore.

b. day and blows towards shore.

Turbulence in the lower levels is to be expected when Select one: a. cold air moves over a warm surface. b. the pressure of the air is very high. c. it's very cold. d. warm air moves over a warm surface.

a. cold air moves over a warm surface.

Which factors below increase density altitude for a given aerodrome? 1. Decreasing air pressure 2. Increasing air pressure 3. Decreasing temperature 4. Increasing temperature Select one: a. 1, 2 b. 2, 3 c. 1, 4 d. 2, 4

c. 1, 4

After an initial rise, a saturated parcel of air continues to rise but an unsaturated parcel of air remains cooler than the surrounding atmosphere. This is known as Select one: a. conditional stability. b. potential instability. c. absolute instability. d. absolute stability.

a. conditional stability.

A characteristic typical of a stable air mass is Select one: a. continuous precipitation. b. cumuliform clouds. c. showery precipitation. d. intermittent showers.

a. continuous precipitation.

A characteristic typical of a stable air mass is Select one: a. continuous precipitation. b. intermittent showers. c. showery precipitation. d. cumuliform clouds.

a. continuous precipitation.

The feature associated with the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm is Select one: a. continuous updrafts. b. continuous downdrafts. c. frequent lightning. d. the beginning of rain at the surface.

a. continuous updrafts.

Which statement does not describe geostationary satellites? Select one: a. Orbit above the equator at an altitude of 36 000 km. b. Takes one day to complete an east to west orbit. c. Move west by two time zones per orbit. d. Travels at more than 11 000 km/h.

c. Move west by two time zones per orbit.

When an aircraft crosses a warm front, to maintain the track the aircraft's heading is Select one: a. corrected to the right. b. corrected to the left. c. not changed. d. none of the above.

a. corrected to the right

A moist unstable air mass is characterized by Select one: a. cumuliform clouds and showery precipitation. b. steady winds and convective type cloud. c. poor visibility and smooth air. d. stratiform clouds and continuous precipitation.

a. cumuliform clouds and showery precipitation.

The types of clouds expected as a cold front passed over would be Select one: a. cumulonimbus, nimbostratus, altostratus and then cirrus. b. cirrus, altostratus, cumulus and then nimbostratus. c. cumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, nimbostratus and then cirrus. d. cumulonimbus, altostratus, nimbostratus and then cirrus.

a. cumulonimbus, nimbostratus, altostratus and then cirrus.

It is not true that the adiabatic process is a Select one: a. decrease in temperature. b. model of how the atmosphere will behave under any given set of conditions. c. process where no heat is exchanged with the surrounding atmosphere. d. description of how a parcel of air will react to an initiated change.

a. decrease in temperature.

Snow is formed during the process of Select one: a. deposition. b. condensation. c. sublimation. d. evaporation.

a. deposition.

The change of state involved when a gas becomes a solid is known as Select one: a. deposition. b. condensation. c. sublimation. d. evaporation.

a. deposition.

It is incorrect regarding radar detection that radar Select one: a. detectors have fewer moving parts than lightning detectors. b. provides more detail then lightning detectors. c. is better for predicting where the turbulence will be. d. detects the presence of rain.

a. detectors have fewer moving parts than lightning detectors.

Not a characteristic of stable air is Select one: a. good visibility. b. smooth flying conditions. c. shallow lapse rate. d. layer type clouds.

a. good visibility.

Radiation fog is most likely when Select one: a. high humidity during the early evening, cool cloudless night with light winds, and favorable topography. b. low temperature and dew point spread, calm wind, the presence of nuclei, low overcast, and favorable topography. c. there is warm air advection. d. warm moist air being forced up a slope by light winds resulting in the air being cooled and moisture condensing.

a. high humidity during the early evening, cool cloudless night with light winds, and favorable topography.

One condition necessary for the formation of fog is Select one: a. high relative humidity. b. calm air. c. visible moisture. d. unstable air.

a. high relative humidity.

Frontal fog occurs when very Select one: a. humid warm air meets with very humid cold air. b. humid warm air meets with dry cold air. c. humid cold air meets with dry warm air. d. dry cold air meets with very dry warm air.

a. humid warm air meets with very humid cold air.

The most severe turbulence with mountain waves is found Select one: a. in the rotor areas. b. at the top of the mountain. c. on the crest of the mountain. d. in the peak of the waves.

a. in the rotor areas.

The advantage of a stormscope compared to radar is Select one: a. lower cost. b. provides more detail. c. updates are faster. d. better at finding turbulent areas for avoiding them.

a. lower cost.

In expectation of a warm front you notice altostratus clouds which will be followed by Select one: a. nimbostratus and then stratus clouds. b. cumulus and then towering cumulus. c. stratocumulus and then cirrus clouds. d. cumulus and then cumulonimbus.

a. nimbostratus and then stratus clouds.

Geostrophic wind moves Select one: a. parallel to the isobars. b. perpendicular to the isobars. c. at an angle to the isobars. d. none of the above are correct.

a. parallel to the isobars.

Not a source of unstable air conditions is Select one: a. radiation cooling during the night. b. moist air near the ground is lifted by convection. c. large scale rising of the air. d. advection of warm air over the ground.

a. radiation cooling during the night.

Rainfall gradient and turbulence are high when rainfall increases or decreases rapidly over a Select one: a. short horizontal distance. b. short vertical distance. c. long horizontal distance. d. none of the above.

a. short horizontal distance.

Subsidence is Select one: a. sinking air causing an increase in temperature and a decrease of relative humidity. b. caused by unequal surface heating. c. horizontal movement of air where one air mass is substituted by another. d. excess air rising as pressure systems meet.

a. sinking air causing an increase in temperature and a decrease of relative humidity.

Wind shear is a sudden change in the wind's Select one: a. speed and/or direction. b. speed only. c. vertical speed only. d. direction only.

a. speed and/or direction.

An air mass that forms over a warm sea and then moves over a cold surface tends to Select one: a. stabilize. b. become unstable. c. produce heavy precipitation. d. answers (b) and (c).

a. stabilize.

As isothermal layer means the air is Select one: a. stable. b. very bumpy. c. saturated. d. unstable.

a. stable

When isobars are spaced close together the pressure gradient is . . . . . and will produce . . . . . winds. Select one: a. steep, strong b. shallow, strong c. shallow, weak d. steep, weak

a. steep, strong

Steady precipitation, in contrast to showers, preceding a front is an indication of Select one: a. stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence. b. cumuliform clouds with moderate turbulence. c. cumuliform clouds with little or no turbulence. d. stratiform clouds with moderate turbulence.

a. stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence.

When flying in mountainous areas pilots should be on the lookout for Select one: a. strong downdrafts on the leeward side of the mountain. b. crosswinds on the windward side of the mountain. c. strong downdrafts on the windward side of the mountain. d. strong updrafts on the leeward side of the mountain.

a. strong downdrafts on the leeward side of the mountain.

Hail occurs when Select one: a. supercooled water droplets freeze. b. water vapour changes directly into ice. c. rain drops freeze while falling from a CB. d. snowflakes melt and then re-freeze.

a. supercooled water droplets freeze.

Anticipating a cold front to pass by you monitor the pressure and notice a sharp rise. This indicates that Select one: a. the cold front is passing over. b. the cold front has not yet passed over. c. the cold front has already passed over. d. none of the above has occurred.

a. the cold front is passing over.

Freezing rain does not freeze until contacting the ground or an object because Select one: a. the drops remain supercooled. b. the air temperature is warmer than 0°C. c. it falls at 0°C and hits an object just below freezing. d. initial statement is false.

a. the drops remain supercooled.

It is true regarding jet streams that Select one: a. the most severe clear air turbulence are usually found on the low pressure side of the jet stream axis. b. jet core speeds tend to be lower in the winter than in summer. c. jet streams tend to move north in the winter along with the associated fronts. d. the altitude of the jet cores is higher in the winter.

a. the most severe clear air turbulence are usually found on the low pressure side of the jet stream axis.

Air masses are defined by Select one: a. their source regions. b. their present region of occupation. c. their height. d. answers (b) and (c).

a. their source regions.

As a cold front passes over a station Select one: a. there will be a sharp rise in pressure. b. the pressure will stay the same. c. the pressure will fall gently. d. there will be a slow rise in the pressure.

a. there will be a sharp rise in pressure.

The purpose of weather radar is to detect Select one: a. thunderstorms. b. clouds. c. snow or ice crystals. d. lightning.

a. thunderstorms.

When an iso-echo contour display indicates a thin white band surrounding the iso-echo hole, the phenomena most closely associated is Select one: a. turbulence. b. snow. c. hail. d. lightning.

a. turbulence.

Upper level weather charts are issued Select one: a. two times daily at 00:00 and 12:00 Z. b. four times daily at 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00 Z. c. two times daily at 06:00 and 18:00 Z. d. once daily at 00:00 Z.

a. two times daily at 00:00 and 12:00 Z.

A small change initiates a bigger change leading to one bigger still. This is the definition of Select one: a. unstable air. b. periodic air. c. convective air. d. stable air.

a. unstable air.

Advection fog is likely to form when Select one: a. warm moist air over cold surface. b. warm dry air over cold surface. c. cold moist air over warm surface. d. cold dry air over warm surface.

a. warm moist air over cold surface.

Attenuation is Select one: a. when one storm in front of another will absorb and reflect the radar's energy, masking the storms that are behind. b. caused by gravity. c. caused by mountains or hills. d. none of the above.

a. when one storm in front of another will absorb and reflect the radar's energy, masking the storms that are behind.

Jet stream speeds are greatest during the Select one: a. winter due to sharper horizontal temperature contrasts. b. summer due to faster moving cold fronts. c. summer due to sharper horizontal temperature contrasts. d. winter due to the higher altitude of jet cores.

a. winter due to sharper horizontal temperature contrasts.

Marginal VFR weather conditions are determined according to ceilings between Select one: a. 1 500 to 3 000 feet AGL and/or visibility between 3 to 5 SM. b. 1 000 to 3 000 feet AGL and/or visibility between 3 to 5 SM. c. 1 000 to 3 000 feet AGL and visibility between 3 to 5 SM. d. 1 500 to 3 000 feet AGL or visibility between 5 to 8 SM.

b. 1 000 to 3 000 feet AGL and/or visibility between 3 to 5 SM.

Wind shear is included in the TAF when it is predicted that it may affect an aircraft within . . . . . feet AGL. Select one: a. 2 000 b. 1 500 Correct c. 500 d. 1 000

b. 1 500

1. Cumuliform clouds 2. Stable lapse rate 3. Unstable lapse rate 4. Stratiform clouds and fog 5. Smooth air (above the friction level) and poor visibility 6. Turbulence up to about 10 000 feet and good visibility except in areas of precipitation A moist air mass which is colder than the surface over which it passes frequently has the characteristics of Select one: a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. b. 1, 3, and 6. c. 2, 4, and 5. d. 3, 4, and 5.

b. 1, 3, and 6.

The Sun's energy output operates on a . . . . . year cycle. Select one: a. 15 b. 11 c. 2 d. 5

b. 11

The GFA forecast is valid for altitudes below Select one: a. 18 000 feet. b. 24 000 feet. c. 32 000 feet. d. 12 500 feet.

b. 24 000 feet.

The GFA is issued . . . . . times daily and consist of . . . . . charts each. Select one: a. 4, 3 b. 4, 6 c. 2, 6 d. 6, 3

b. 4, 6

NOTAMs are not usually issued more than . . . . . hours in advance. Select one: a. 5 b. 48 c. 24 d. 12

b. 48

The cloud coverage amount for a BKN is Select one: a. 6 to less than 8 oktas. b. 5 to less than 8 oktas. c. 5 to 7 oktas. d. 4 to less than 8 oktas.

b. 5 to less than 8 oktas.

Given: Surface temperature 20°C Dew point 5°C Elevation 1 000 feet ASL The expected cloud base is Select one: a. 10 000 feet AGL. b. 7 000 feet ASL. c. 5 000 feet AGL. d. 5 000 feet ASL.

b. 7 000 feet ASL.

If the Sun was to burn out it would take us on Earth . . . . . to know about it. Select one: a. 13 minutes b. 8 minutes c. 28 seconds d. 2 minutes

b. 8 minutes

When the conditions stated by a METAR change significantly before the next reporting period, what occurs? Select one: a. A SIGMET is issued in place of the next METAR. b. A SPECI is issued. c. No update is made until the next hour. d. A replacing METAR is issued with a correction code added.

b. A SPECI is issued.

If the reported or forecast cloud coverage is 5/8, it is written in the METARs and TAFs as Select one: a. OVC. b. BKN. c. FEW. d. SCT.

b. BKN.

Which frontal or occlusion system is the fastest moving? Select one: a. Warm occlusion b. Cold front c. Cold occlusion d. Warm front

b. Cold front

What type of clouds can be expected when an unstable air mass is forced to ascend a mountain slope? Select one: a. Layered clouds with increased vertical development. b. Cumulus clouds with extensive vertical development. c. Layered clouds with little vertical development. d. Stratus clouds with considerable associated turbulence.

b. Cumulus clouds with extensive vertical development.

Primarily responsible for the Coriolis force is Select one: a. the friction caused by the surface of the Earth. b. Earth's rotation. c. air rising at the Equator. d. the pressure gradient force.

b. Earth's rotation.

Which condition would produce the smoothest flying? Select one: a. Flight just above the surface of Earth. b. Flight above the clouds. c. Flight below the clouds. d. In the middle of the clouds.

b. Flight above the clouds.

What is unique to the VOLMET broadcast? Select one: a. It is pre-recorded. b. Its frequency category allows for a longer range of transmission. c. It is used for two-way communication between pilot and briefer. d. None of the above.

b. Its frequency category allows for a longer range of transmission.

What is the reason for weather radar attenuation? Select one: a. The improper tilt of the radar. b. Near cells blocking radar feedback from distant cells. c. Caused by ground return. d. Improper gain settings on the radar display.

b. Near cells blocking radar feedback from distant cells.

What are the differences between radiation fog and advection fog? Select one: a. Radiation fog forms only on the ground and advection fog only on the sea. b. Radiation fog forms due to surface cooling at night in a light wind and advection fog forms when warm humid air flows over a cold surface. c. Radiation fog is formed by surface cooling in a calm wind and advection fog is formed by evaporation over the sea. d. Radiation fog forms due to night cooling and advection fog due to daytime cooling.

b. Radiation fog forms due to surface cooling at night in a light wind and advection fog forms when warm humid air flows over a cold surface.

Frost covering the upper surface of an aeroplane's wing usually will cause Select one: a. drag to increase by 30% and lift to decrease by 40%. b. a stall at an angle of attack that is lower than normal. c. a stall at an angle of attack that is higher than normal. d. drag factors so large that sufficient speed cannot be obtained for takeoff.

b. a stall at an angle of attack that is lower than normal.

When the isobars on a weather map are very close together a pilot should expect Select one: a. a sudden change in wind direction. b. a very strong wind. c. heavy rain showers. d. very cold temperatures.

b. a very strong wind.

Increased performance wind shear is Select one: a. a decreasing headwind or increasing tailwind. b. an increasing headwind or decreasing tailwind. c. a decreasing headwind or tailwind. d. an increasing headwind or tailwind.

b. an increasing headwind or decreasing tailwind.

It is correct with regard to a mature thunderstorm that Select one: a. the top of the cloud is negatively charged and the base is positively charged. b. both updrafts and downdrafts appear concurrently. c. rain is unable to fall due to the updrafts. d. water droplets, hail and snow are all present.

b. both updrafts and downdrafts appear concurrently.

The earliest indications of a warm front approaching is Select one: a. cirrostratus clouds. b. cirrus clouds. c. altostratus clouds. d. nimbostratus clouds.

b. cirrus clouds.

An air mass is a body of air that Select one: a. has similar cloud formations associated with it. b. covers an extensive area and has fairly uniform properties of temperature and moisture. c. creates a wind shift as it moves across Earth's surface. d. is all of the above.

b. covers an extensive area and has fairly uniform properties of temperature and moisture.

Shortly after the passage of an active cold front you observe the aneroid altimeter of a parked aircraft. The indication of the instrument will Select one: a. show no appreciable change due to such minor pressure fluctuation. b. decrease. c. not be influenced by the air pressure. d. increase.

b. decrease.

A greater intensity of turbulence is found while flying Select one: a. at slower airspeed. b. downwind into a mountain wave. c. upwind into a mountain wave. d. towards the mountain from the windward side.

b. downwind into a mountain wave.

The most severe mountain wave turbulence is encountered when flying Select one: a. upwind. b. downwind. c. perpendicular to the wind. d. 60° to the downwind.

b. downwind.

The dew point as a cold front passes over Select one: a. falls steadily. b. experiences a sharp drop. c. rises sharply. d. levels off.

b. experiences a sharp drop.

The visibility before the passage of a cold front will likely be Select one: a. very clear with no haze. b. fair to poor in haze. c. very poor with visibility of 1 mile or less. d. none of the above.

b. fair to poor in haze.

If low cloud reduces visibility to less than 5/8 SM it is referred to as Select one: a. mist. b. fog. c. smoke. d. haze.

b. fog.

An air mass acquires its properties Select one: a. though vertical mixing. b. from the stagnation of air for a long time period over large areas of the earth. c. from a series of low pressure systems. d. mixing of cold and warm fronts.

b. from the stagnation of air for a long time period over large areas of the earth.

As rain begins to form in a cumulonimbus cloud condensation of the warm air Select one: a. absorbs heat and causes the cloud to begin to dissipate. b. gives off heat and feeds the updraft. c. occurs when the temperature rises to the dew point. d. occurs only if the temperature and dew point are above 0°C.

b. gives off heat and feeds the updraft.

An active low pressure system approaches, the altimeter in an aircraft on the ground during a 10 minute period will Select one: a. rapidly fluctuate. b. increase. c. remain the same as any fluctuations are small. d. decrease.

b. increase.

Jet streams are located Select one: a. in the cold air associated with a cold front. b. just below the Tropopause. c. above the Tropopause. d. in the Mesosphere.

b. just below the Tropopause

In a tornado the path of destruction can reach . . . . . and wind speeds of . . . . . have been recorded. Select one: a. 2.5 to 10 miles, 400 MPH b. 0.25 to 2.5 miles, 180 MPH c. 2 to 2.5 miles, 280 MPH d. 1 to 5 miles, 200 MPH

c. 2 to 2.5 miles, 280 MPH

It is advisable to avoid large storm cells that are changing shape rapidly by Select one: a. 5 NM. b. 10 NM. c. 20 NM. d. 50 to 70 NM.

c. 20 NM.

To view the upper level weather map based at 18 000 feet refer to the Select one: a. 400 mB chart. b. 850 mB chart. c. 500 mB chart. d. 700 mB chart.

c. 500 mB chart.

An AIRMET is? Select one: a. An automated weather observation. b. A weather report delivered from a flight service specialist during flight. c. A GFA revision. d. A severe weather warning.

c. A GFA revision

What is a squall line? Select one: a. Extended areas of nimbostratus clouds. b. A band of cumulus clouds. c. A band of intense thunderstorms. d. Fog patches ahead of a warm front.

c. A band of intense thunderstorms.

What happens during the formation of a trowal? Select one: a. A low pressure system extends along a region. b. A warm air mass advances on a cold air mass forcing it up c. A cold air mass advances on a warm air mass forcing it up. d. A high pressure system extends along a region.

c. A cold air mass advances on a warm air mass forcing it up

How does moderate turbulence affect an aircraft? Select one: a. Continued flight in this environment will result in structural damage. b. Large, abrupt changes in altitude or attitude occur but the aircraft may only be out of control momentarily. c. Changes in altitude or attitude occur but the aircraft remains in positive control at all times. d. Rapid and somewhat rhythmic bumpiness is experienced without appreciable changes in altitude or attitude.

c. Changes in altitude or attitude occur but the aircraft remains in positive control at all times

Which would increase the stability of an air mass? Select one: a. Increase in water vapour. b. Warming from below. c. Cooling from below. d. None of the above.

c. Cooling from below.

During which stage of thunderstorm formation does the updraft hold all the water droplets and ice crystals preventing precipitation from falling? Select one: a. Mature stage b. Dissipating stage c. Cumulus stage d. Disturbance stage

c. Cumulus stage

The precipitation code signifying heavy rain showers is Select one: a. HVRASH. b. -RNSS. c. +RASH. d. +SHRA.

d. +SHRA.

What is the Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate (SALR)? Select one: a. 3.0° per 1 000 feet b. 2.0° per 1 000 feet c. 1.98° per 1 000 feet d. 1.5° per 1 000 feet

d. 1.5° per 1 000 feet

Standard sea level pressure is Select one: a. 1005 millibars. b. 1012 millibars. c. 1007 millibars. d. 1013 millibars.

d. 1013 millibars.

1. There is a correlation between the visual appearance of thunderstorms and the amount of hail within them 2. Large hail is most commonly found in thunderstorms which have strong updrafts and large liquid water content 3. Hail may be found at any level within a thunderstorm but not in the clear air outside of the storm cloud 4. Hail is usually produced during the mature stage of the thunderstorm's lifespan 5. Hailstones may be thrown upward and outward from a storm cloud for several miles It is true regarding hail as an in-flight hazard that Select one: a. 1, 2, and 3. b. 4 and 5. c. 1, 2, 4, and 5. d. 2, 4, and 5.

d. 2, 4, and 5.

The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of . . . . . with respect to the orbital motion. Select one: a. 26.3° b. 18° c. 12.5° d. 23.5°

d. 23.5°

The smallest object (resolution) that can be identified from an infrared image is Select one: a. 1 km. b. 2 km. c. 3 km. d. 4 km.

d. 4 km.

A TAF is a forecast that gives the expected weather within . . . . . NM of the airport and is typically issued . . . . . times per day. Select one: a. 15, 4 b. 10, 4 c. 15, 6 d. 5, 4

d. 5, 4

Which is not a low level cloud? Select one: a. ST b. SC c. NS d. AS

d. AS

Which is not an advantage of visible over infrared images? Select one: a. Detection of low fog banks can be recognized. b. Higher resolution of images. c. Superior clarity. d. Ability to capture relevant data around the clock.

d. Ability to capture relevant data around the clock.

Which scope patterns would indicate the presence of hail shafts? Select one: a. Finger-like protrusions b. Hooks c. Scalloped edges d. All of the above

d. All of the above

A NOTAM is a timely notice concerning the establishment, condition, or change of any: Select one: a. Aeronautical facility. b. Aeronautical hazard. c. Aeronautical service. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Which would require the issuance of a NOTAM? Select one: a. NBD will be undergoing maintenance. b. Control tower frequency change. c. Snow clearing operations. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Horizontal differences in the mean temperature of a layer are caused by: Select one: a. A change of air mass. b. Advection. c. Convection. d. Differential heating of the earth's surface.

d. Differential heating of the earth's surface.

At what time of day or night is radiation fog least likely to occur? Select one: a. Shortly after sunrise b. Late in the evening c. Shortly after midnight d. In the afternoon

d. In the afternoon

The air mass that is responsible for bringing hot and humid weather to Canada is the Select one: a. Continental Arctic. b. Maritime Arctic. c. Maritime Polar. d. Maritime Tropical.

d. Maritime Tropical.

Which is not a requirement for the formation of fog? Select one: a. Condensation nuclei b. A cooling process c. High humidity d. Moderate surface winds

d. Moderate surface winds

What are the characteristics of a Maritime Polar (mP) air mass? Select one: a. Moist, cold, unstable, and a high tropopause b. Moist, cold, stable, and a mid level tropopause c. Dry, cool, unstable, and a mid level tropopause d. Moist, cool, unstable, and a mid level tropopause

d. Moist, cool, unstable, and a mid level tropopause

Which statement is correct regarding a plan position indicator? Select one: a. Is the most modern type of radar detector. b. Is able to scan vertically. c. Produces a radar beam that is set at a given elevation. d. None of the above.

d. None of the above.

At an airport with an elevation of 500 feet ASL there is two stratus layers overhead. The first layer is between 1 000 to 1 500 feet ASL and the second layer at 2 000 to 2 500 feet ASL. Each layer occupies 4/8 of the sky which would be forecast on a TAF as Select one: a. SCT005 SCT015. b. SCT010 SCT020. c. SCT010 BKN020. d. SCT005 BKN015.

d. SCT005 BKN015.

The best description for the formation of hail? Select one: a. Typically associated with a warm front during the summer. b. Precipitation falls through a cold front causing it to freeze while descending. c. An upper cold front is required in the updraft formation. d. Updrafts carry precipitation above the freezing level freezing the droplets.

d. Updrafts carry precipitation above the freezing level freezing the droplets.

An occlusion takes place when Select one: a. the front no longer moves. b. warm air displaces cold air. c. cold air displaces warm air. d. a cold front catches up with a warm front.

d. a cold front catches up with a warm front.

During departure under conditions of suspected low-level wind shear a sudden decrease in headwind will cause Select one: a. the aircraft attitude to pitch up initially. b. no change in airspeed, but ground speed will decrease. c. a gain in airspeed equal to the decrease in wind velocity. d. a loss in airspeed equal to the decrease in wind velocity.

d. a loss in airspeed equal to the decrease in wind velocity.

Frontal fog is most likely to occur in Select one: a. summer, in the early morning. b. winter, in the early morning. c. advance of a cold front. d. advance of a warm front.

d. advance of a warm front.

Upper fronts form when Select one: a. the air mass moves up a mountain. b. the air mass moves down a mountain. c. advancing warm air meets warmer air. d. advancing cold air meets even colder air.

d. advancing cold air meets even colder air.

Squall lines are long bands of thunderstorm activity that typically form Select one: a. behind a warm front. b. ahead of a warm front. c. behind a cold front. d. ahead of a cold front.

d. ahead of a cold front.

Clear air turbulence associated with a jet stream can be anticipated when Select one: a. the 30 KT isotachs are spaced closer than 90 NM on the 250 MB chart. b. the horizontal temperature lapse rate is steep. c. traveling on the poleward side of the jet stream axis. d. all of the above happen.

d. all of the above happen.

False intensities and returns on a weather radar can be caused by Select one: a. ground clutter. b. blocking beams. c. attenuation. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

Stability of the atmosphere is increased by Select one: a. radiation cooling at night. b. cold advection on the surface. c. warm advection aloft. d. all of the above. C

d. all of the above.

The ATIS provides Select one: a. relief of frequency congestion. b. current weather for the aerodrome. c. automated recording of the weather. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

The formation of a cumulonimbus (CB) depends on Select one: a. some sort of lifting of the air. b. warm and humid air. c. instability of thick layers of air. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

If flight through a thunderstorm cannot be avoided, minimize critical icing encounters by Select one: a. flying at an altitude that is lower than the freezing level. b. flying at an altitude that is higher than the freezing level. c. planning a course that will take the aircraft through the storm in the shortest time. d. answers (a) and (c).

d. answers (a) and (c).

It is incorrect regarding attenuation that Select one: a. the weather radar depends on the transmitted signal bouncing off something and returning to the antennae. b. under certain conditions the the emitted signal can be absorbed by a large area of moisture. c. the display may not accurately depict what lies ahead. d. attenuation is caused by radome icing.

d. attenuation is caused by radome icing.

It is true regarding an occluded front that Select one: a. an advancing warm front overtakes a cold front and pushes air up as it advances creating a wave. b. a trowal or a trough of warm air aloft is formed. c. an advancing cold front overtakes a warm front and pushes air up as it advances creating a wave. d. both answers (b) and (c).

d. both answers (b) and (c).

When looking at Earth from the top of the north Pole, it rotates Select one: a. randomly. b. clockwise. c. once in a while. d. counterclockwise.

d. counterclockwise.

If a cold air mass moves over a warm surface it is likely to form Select one: a. stratiform clouds, smooth air, and poor visibility. b. cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and poor visibility. c. fog and mist. d. cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and good visibility.

d. cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and good visibility.

When a storm is developing the clouds may transition from Select one: a. cumulus to cumulonimbus to towering cumulus. b. towering cumulus to cumulus to cumulonimbus. c. cumulonimbus to cumulus to towering cumulus. d. cumulus to towering cumulus to cumulonimbus.

d. cumulus to towering cumulus to cumulonimbus.

Anomalous propagation causes a beam of radiation to Select one: a. back to the left. b. curve upwards. c. veer to the right. d. curve downwards.

d. curve downwards.

The Tricellular model predicts the weather conditions at 60° Latitude to be Select one: a. clear skies and stable weather. b. very gentle winds. c. high cumulonimbus clouds and unstable weather. d. cyclonic rainfall.

d. cyclonic rainfall.

During a cross-country flight at FL050, nimbostratus, altostratus, cirrostratus and then cirrus clouds are observed. The flight is most likely to encounter Select one: a. a strong downdraft. b. strong gusty winds. c. increasing temperatures. d. decreasing temperatures.

d. decreasing temperatures

Downdrafts dominate the thunderstorm during the Select one: a. cumulus stage. b. developing stage. c. mature stage. d. dissipating stage.

d. dissipating stage.

Fog associated with a warm front is a result of saturation due to Select one: a. subsidence. b. evaporation of surface moisture. c. nocturnal cooling. d. evaporation of precipitation.

d. evaporation of precipitation.

Freezing rain forms as a result of rain Select one: a. hitting the ground and freezing on impact. b. falling into colder air and freezing into pellets. c. falling into warmer air. d. falling from an inversion into an area below 0°C.

d. falling from an inversion into an area below 0°C.

With respect to advection fog it Select one: a. can appear suddenly during the day or night. b. is slow to develop and dissipates quite rapidly. c. will dissipate with wind speeds less than 15 KT. d. forms almost exclusively during the day with the exception of maritime air drifts over a cold inland area.

d. forms almost exclusively during the day with the exception of maritime air drifts over a cold inland area.

Lenticular clouds often form Select one: a. between the ridge height and a layer of very dry air. b. near the surface. c. at the ridge height of the mountain. d. from 20 000 to 40 000 feet.

d. from 20 000 to 40 000 feet.

The fastest moving thunderstorms are Select one: a. orographic type. b. thermal type. c. air mass type. d. frontal type.

d. frontal type.

Not a characteristic of a stable air mass is Select one: a. layer type cloud. b. steady precipitation. c. steady winds. d. good visibility.

d. good visibility.

It is true regarding aircraft structural icing that Select one: a. rime ice forms while flying through cumulus clouds. b. clear ice is most likely to form on an aircraft when flying through stratus clouds or light drizzle. c. it is unnecessary for an aircraft to fly through rain or cloud droplets for structural ice to form. d. in order for structural ice to form the temperature at the point where moisture strikes the aircraft must be 0°C (32°F) or colder.

d. in order for structural ice to form the temperature at the point where moisture strikes the aircraft must be 0°C (32°F) or colder.

Possible severe turbulence will be encountered in mountain waves Select one: a. on the windward side. b. in the lenticularis clouds. c. at the crest of the mountain. d. in the rotor clouds.

d. in the rotor clouds.

Decreased performance wind shear Select one: a. leads to a decrease in climb gradient. b. causes an aircraft to sink below the glide slope during approach. c. may cause an aircraft to undershoot the runway. d. is all of the above.

d. is all of the above.

When a thunderstorm is directly ahead en route to the destination Select one: a. fly the shortest route. b. flying underneath will be the best choice. c. when flying above storms, ensure clearance is at least 1 000 feet for each 5 KT of wind speed at the cloud top. d. maintaining 20 NM from the storm is the best choice.

d. maintaining 20 NM from the storm is the best choice.

Advection fog is formed as a result of Select one: a. cooling on clear calm nights with light winds, high humidity, and favorable topography. b. the addition of moisture to a mass of cold air as it moves over a body of water. c. the ground cooling adjacent air to the dew point temperature on clear calm nights. d. moist air moving over a colder surface.

d. moist air moving over a colder surface.

A radar shadow is an area Select one: a. of sky the equipment is unable to scan without adjustment. b. of little weather. c. caused by anomalous propagation. d. of severe weather.

d. of severe weather.

Mountain wave turbulence exists Select one: a. on the windward side of a mountain. b. only directly above a mountain or ridge. c. only above the elevation of a mountain ridge with a little turbulence below the tops of the highest ground elevation. d. on the lee side of a mountain.

d. on the lee side of a mountain.

When approaching a mountain ridge it is safer to cross Select one: a. at 60° to the mountain ridge. b. on the leeward side of the mountain. c. perpendicular to the mountain. d. on the windward side of the mountain.

d. on the windward side of the mountain.

While on a cross country flying directly into wind you decide to climb up 4 000 feet higher. The course correction likely needed is a slight correction to the Select one: a. left and the ground speed will be increased. b. right and the ground speed will be increased. c. left and the ground speed will be decreased. d. right and the ground speed will be decreased.

d. right and the ground speed will be decreased.

The most severe weather conditions, such as destructive winds, heavy hail, and tornadoes, are generally associated with Select one: a. fast-moving occluded fronts. b. towering cumulus clouds. c. slow-moving warm fronts which slope above the tropopause. d. squall lines.

d. squall lines.

At a warm front rainfall tends to be Select one: a. showery. b. either showery or steady. c. no rain fall. d. steady.

d. steady.

Hail, if encountered in-flight, is most likely to be associated with Select one: a. cumulus clouds. b. inversions. c. stratocumulus clouds. d. strong updrafts.

d. strong updrafts.

It is not true that jet streams develop more readily when the structure of the atmosphere has Select one: a. abrupt change in Tropopause height. b. a frontal system. c. strong horizontal temperature gradients. d. strong vertical temperature gradients.

d. strong vertical temperature gradients.

It is not correct regarding thunderstorm penetration that Select one: a. pitot and carburetor heat should be turned ON. b. maintain a constant power setting. c. cockpit lights should be turned ON to their highest intensity. d. to reduce the time spent in the storm maximum cruise speed should be chosen.

d. to reduce the time spent in the storm maximum cruise speed should be chosen.

The Coriolis force appears to deflect air Select one: a. to the left in the Northern Hemisphere. b. towards the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere. c. towards the Poles in the Northern Hemisphere. d. to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.

d. to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.

CU cloud is an indication of Select one: a. stability. b. the approach of a warm front. c. the approach of a cold front. d. vertical movement of the air.

d. vertical movement of the air.

The pressure gradient force and the Coriolis force are Select one: a. perpendicular to each other. b. balanced near the surface. c. working together in the same direction. d. working against each other in opposite directions.

d. working against each other in opposite directions.

Flying over mountains in 24ºC, the altimeter setting of 30.22" Hg is received from a nearby airfield. What will the true altitude be when 6,000' is reached assuming terrain below the aircraft rises to 4000' ASL? Select one: a. 6,075' b. 5,925' c. 6,145' d. 5,784'

c. 6,145'

What is the expected temperature at 3000' ASL in standard atmospheric conditions? Select one: a. 9° C b. 17° C c. 6° C d. 7.5° C

a. 9° C 15 deg C @ SeaLevel - (1.98deg C / 1000ft * 3000ft) = 9.06 deg Celsius

The primary source of all weather is: Select one: a. The sun b. Moisture c. Clouds d. Wind

a. The sun

What is responsible for the uniform temperature throughout the stratosphere? Select one: a. Extremely low air pressure. b. Moisture content. c. Earth's ozone layer. d. Initial statement false.

d. Initial statement false.

You are flying in the Alps at the same level as the summits on a hot day. What does the altimeter read? Select one: a. Impossible to tell. b. Higher altitude than the summit. c. Same altitude than the summit. d. Lower altitude than the summit.

d. Lower altitude than the summit.

Pressure altitude 7,000 ft Air temperature at this altitude is +15 °C From the conditions given, the approximate density altitude is (use your whiz wheel): Select one: A. 8,700 feet B. 8,200 feet C. 4,500 feet D. 7,800 feet

A. 8,700 feet

Every physical process of weather is accompanied by or is the result of: Select one: A. A pressure differential. B. Coriolis Force. C. A heat exchange. D. The movement of air.

C. A heat exchange.

Convective activity over land in mid-latitudes is greatest in: Select one: a. Summer during the night and early morning. b. Winter in the afternoon. c. Winter during the night and early morning. d. Summer in the afternoon.

d. Summer in the afternoon.

The thickness of the troposphere varies with: Select one: a. Rotation of the earth b. The wind c. Latitude d. Longitude

c. Latitude

En route at FL 290, your altimeter is set correctly, but you fail to reset it to the local altimeter setting of 30.26" Hg during descent. If the field elevation is 134 feet and your altimeter is functioning properly, what will it indicate after landing? Select one: A. 206 feet below MSL B. 474 feet MSL C. 206 feet above MSL D. 100 feet MSL

A. 206 feet below MSL

While flying at FL 250, you hear ATC give an altimeter setting of 28.92" Hg in your area. At what pressure altitude are you flying? Select one: A. 25,000 feet B. 26,000 feet C. 23,000 feet D. 24,000 feet

A. 25,000 feet

How far apart are isobars spaced on weather charts? Select one: A. 4 mb B. 1 mb C. 3 mb D. 2 mb

A. 4 mb

Under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude with an altimeter setting of 29.92" Hg? Select one: A. In colder than standard air temperature. B. Temperature below 0°C. C. When density altitude is higher than indicated altitude. D. In warmer than standard air temperature.

A. In colder than standard air temperature.

A characteristic of the stratosphere is: Select one: A. Relatively small changes in temperature with an increase in altitude. B. A relatively even base altitude of approximately 35,000 feet. C. An overall decrease of temperature with an increase in altitude. D. All of the above.

A. Relatively small changes in temperature with an increase in altitude.

En route at FL 290, the altimeter is set correctly, but not reset to the local altimeter setting of 30.57" Hg during descent. If the field elevation is 650 feet and the altimeter is functioning properly, what will be the approximate indication upon landing? Select one: A. Sea level B. 10,000 feet C. 650 feet D. 1,300 feet

A. Sea level

If you are departing from an airport from which you cannot obtain an altimeter setting, you should set your altimeter: Select one: A. On 29.92" Hg B. To the airport elevation. C. On the current airport barometric pressure, if known. D. Set 1013.2 mb

B. To the airport elevation.

What is standard temperature at 10,000 feet? Select one: A. +15 °C B. -15 °C C. -5 °C D. +5 °C

C. -5 °C 10,000 / 1000 * 1,98°C - 15°C = - 4,8°C

What is standard temperature and pressure at sea level? Select one: A. 59 °F and 1013.2" Hg B. 15°F and 1013.2 mb C. 15 °C and 29.92" Hg D. 15 °C and 29.92 mb

C. 15 °C and 29.92" Hg

If the air temperature is +8 °C at an elevation of 1,350 feet and a standard (average) temperature lapse rate exists, what will be the approximate freezing level? Select one: A. 3,350 feet MSL B. 4,016 feet MSL C. 5,350 feet MSL D. 9,350 feet MSL

C. 5,350 feet MSL

Pressure altitude 6,000 ft True air temperature +30 °F From the conditions given, the approximate density altitude is: Select one: A. 4,800 feet B. 5,200 feet C. 5,600 feet D. 9,000 feet

C. 5,600 feet

The primary cause of all weather changes in the earth's atmosphere is: Select one: A. Movement of the air masses. B. Changes in air pressure over the earth's surface. C. Variation of solar energy received by the earth's regions. D. Coriolis Force.

C. Variation of solar energy received by the earth's regions.

29.92 in Hg is equivalent to how many millibars of pressure? Select one: a. 1013.25 millibars b. 101.325 millibars c. 114.25 millibars d. 1015.85 millibars

a. 1013.25 millibars

What, approximately, is the average height of the tropopause over the equator? Select one: a. 18 km b. 11 km c. 8 km d. 40 km

a. 18 km

Given a surface temperature of 15°C, calculate the expected temperature at 6,500' given a surface elevation of 500'. Select one: a. 3.12° C b. 3° C c. 0° C d. -3° C

a. 3.12° C

Over the equator, the tropopause sits at approximately _______' and at the poles it is at ______'. Select one: a. 54,000; 25,000 b. 18,000; 65,000 c. 65,000; 18,000 d. 45,000; 32,000

a. 54,000; 25,000

Your indicated altitude is 8,500'. The altimeter setting is 29.42. Calculate pressure altitude. Select one: a. 9,000' b. 8,000' c. 8,500' d. 8,450'

a. 9,000'

The atmosphere is composed of the following elements in order from least to greatest composition: Select one: a. Carbon dioxide; Oxygen; Nitrogen b. Oxygen; Nitrogen; Water vapour c. Oxygen; Nitrogen; Argon d. Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen; Oxygen

a. Carbon dioxide; Oxygen; Nitrogen

What can be said about pressure in the stratosphere? Select one: a. Pressure decreases with height b. The Pressure is constant c. The Pressure is increasing. d. Pressure in first constant in the lower layer and then increases.

a. Pressure decreases with height

The incoming _________ radiation from the sun's rays are re-radiated into the atmosphere as infrared radiation, which has a __________ wavelength than the incoming solar radiation. Select one: a. Shortwave; longer b. Shortwave; shorter c. Longwave; shorter d. Longwave; longer

a. Shortwave; longer

Barometric altimeters are calibrated to react to temperature variations according to: Select one: a. Standard atmospheric conditions. b. Actual environmental conditions by using an altimeter setting. c. No calibration is required as extreme temperature is accompanied by high or low pressure. d. An expected drop of 2.5° C in temperature per 1000'.

a. Standard atmospheric conditions.

What defines the start of the tropopause? Select one: a. Sudden change in lapse rate. b. Air pressure becomes momentarily greater. c. Moisture content drops to zero and then gradually increases. d. Uniformity of pressure.

a. Sudden change in lapse rate

What temperature and pressure conditions would be safest to ensure that your flight level clears all the obstacles by the greatest margin? Select one: a. Temp more than or equal to ISA and an altimter setting greater than 29.92" Hg. b. Cold temp / low pressure. c. Temp less than or equal to ISA and an altimeter setting less than 29.92" Hg. d. Warm temp / high pressure.

a. Temp more than or equal to ISA and an altimter setting greater than 29.92" Hg.

Visible moisture forms in air when: Select one: a. Temperature cools to the dew point causing the air to saturate. b. Temperature warms up to the dew point causing the air to saturate. c. The relative humidity reaches 50%. d. There is enough moisture present in the air.

a. Temperature cools to the dew point causing the air to saturate.

Diurnal variation refers to: Select one: a. Temperature variation by day and night. b. Temperature variation by altitude. c. The vertical motion of rising air tends to become weaker and disappears. d. The environmental lapse rate is high, with little vertical motion of air currents.

a. Temperature variation by day and night.

Water vapour is found in what part of the earth's atmosphere? Select one: a. Troposphere b. Mesosphere c. Stratosphere d. Thermosphere

a. Troposphere

The mesosphere is characterized by: Select one: a. Very low temperatures. b. Very high temperatures. c. Uniform temperature. d. Presence of weather.

a. Very low temperatures.

Cyclonic pressure systems in the Southern hemisphere represent Select one: a. rising air that is rotating clockwise and flowing inwards towards the center. b. sinking air that is rotating counter-clockwise and flowing inwards towards the center. c. rising air that is rotating counter-clockwise and flowing inwards towards the center. d. rising air that is rotating clockwise and flowing outwards from the center.

a. rising air that is rotating clockwise and flowing inwards towards the center.

Anticyclonic pressure systems in the Northern hemisphere represent Select one: a. sinking air that is rotating clockwise and flowing outward from the center. b. sinking air that is rotating counter-clockwise and flowing inwards towards the center. c. rising air that is rotating clockwise and flowing outward from the center. d. rising air that is rotating counter-clockwise and flowing inwards towards the center.

a. sinking air that is rotating clockwise and flowing outward from the center.

During condensation a gas becomes a liquid as a result Select one: a. the gas gives up heat as it changes to a liquid. b. the gas absorbs heat as it changes to a liquid. c. the gas neither looses nor gains heat during transition to a liquid. d. none of the above occurs.

a. the gas gives up heat as it changes to a liquid.

The heat of the earth is transferred upwards largely by: Select one: a. Radiation b. Convection c. Conduction d. Compression

b. Convection

Wind does not flow directly towards a low pressure system because of: Select one: a. Moisture gradient. b. Coriolis force. c. Temperature gradient. d. Initial statement is false.

b. Coriolis force.

The air temperature in the stratosphere: Select one: a. Gradually decreases with altitude. b. Gradually increases with altitude. c. Remains constant throughout. d. None of the above.

b. Gradually increases with altitude

Which condition is present when a local parcel of air is stable? Select one: a. The parcel of air cannot be forced uphill. b. The parcel of air resists convection. c. As the parcel of air moves upward, its temperature becomes warmer than the surrounding air. d. None of the above.

b. The parcel of air resists convection.

What is responsible for the variations in heating of the atmosphere with respect to seasons? Select one: a. The distance of the earth from the sun. b. The tilt of the earth's axis. c. The depth of the troposhere. d. The jet stream is responsible for seasons.

b. The tilt of the earth's axis.

What is the primary cause of all changes in the earth's weather? Select one: a. Changes in air pressure over the earth's surface. b. Variation of solar energy at the earth's surface. c. Movement of air masses from moist areas to dry areas. d. None of the above.

b. Variation of solar energy at the earth's surface.

The environmental lapse rate in the real atmosphere: Select one: a. Has a fixed value of 2.5 deg C / 1000' when saturated. b. Varies with time. c. Has a fixed value of 3 deg C / 1000' when dry. d. Is always 1.98 deg C / 1000ft.

b. Varies with time.

The thermosphere is characterized by: Select one: a. Very low temperatures. b. Very high temperatures. c. Uniform temperature. d. Presence of weather.

b. Very high temperatures.

According to standard atmosphere the station pressure as measured by two stations in the same region but at different altitudes will be Select one: a. the same. b. higher as measured by the lower station. c. higher as measured by the higher station. d. 29.92 in Hg.

b. higher as measured by the lower station.

The best indication of relative humidity is Select one: a. the amount of moisture in the air as a ratio of water vapour to air. b. the temperature and dew point spread. c. the dew point alone. d. none of the above.

b. the temperature and dew point spread.

FL 140, an OAT -12° C is measured. What will the temperature be at FL 110 if you consider the temperature gradient of the Standard Atmosphere? Select one: a. -2° C b. +2° C c. -6° C d. -18° C

c. -6° C A descend of 3000ft results in 3 * 1.98 deg C = 5.94 deg C increase in temperature. -12 deg C + 5.94 = -6.06 deg C

According to the properties of standard atmosphere a station registering 28 in Hg at 2 000 feet elevation would report an altimeter setting of Select one: a. 29.92 in Hg. b. 28.00 in Hg. c. 30.00 in Hg. d. 28.20 in Hg.

c. 30.00 in Hg. 1 in Hg = 1 000 feet 2 000 / 1 000 = 2 in Hg 28 + 2 = 30 in Hg

An aircraft takes off from Doha (elevation 30') with the correct altimeter setting of 30.12" set on the altimeter. The aircraft then lands at Al Ain (elevation 500') but without re-setting the altimeter sub-scale. If the altimeter setting at Al Ain at the time of landing was 29.98" what would the aircraft's altimeter read on touch-down? Select one: a. 450' b. 950' c. 640' d. Zero

c. 640'

How does temperature vary with increasing altitude in the ICAO standard atmosphere below the tropopause? Select one: a. Increases. b. Remains constant. c. Decreases. d. At first it increases and higher up it decreases.

c. Decreases.

The troposphere: Select one: a. Is the separation layer between the stratosphere and atmosphere. b. Contains all oxygen of the stratosphere. c. Has a greater vertical extent above the equator than above the poles. d. Reaches the same height at all latitudes.

c. Has a greater vertical extent above the equator than above the poles.

The areas around the equator are characterized by: Select one: a. High pressure. b. Stagnant air. c. Low pressure. d. None of the above.

c. Low pressure.

Altimeter setting is based on Select one: a. station pressure. b. standard atmosphere. c. MSL pressure. d. none of the above.

c. MSL pressure.

A significant inversion at low height is a characteristic of: Select one: a. Cumulus clouds. b. The passage of cold front. c. Nocturnal radiation. d. Advection fog.

c. Nocturnal radiation.

An isothermal layer is a layer of air in which the temperature: Select one: a. Increases with height at a constant rate. b. Increases with height. c. Remains constant with height. d. Decreases with height at a constant rate.

c. Remains constant with height.

Which of the following is a common cause of ground or surface temperature inversion? Select one: a. The movement of colder air under warm air, or the movement of warm air over cold air. b. Heating of the air by subsidence. c. Warm air being lifted rapidly aloft, in the vicinity of mountainous terrain. d. Terrestrial radiation on a clear night with no or very light winds.

d. Terrestrial radiation on a clear night with no or very light winds.

The percentage concentration of gases in the atmosphere is constant from the surface of the earth to a certain altitude with the exception of: Select one: a. Nitrogen b. Oxygen c. Hydrogen d. Water vapour

d. Water vapour

Surface analysis charts give the actual weather as observed from the surface to a height of Select one: A. 3 000 feet AGL. B. 3 000 feet ASL. C. 10 000 feet ASL. D. 10 000 feet AGL.

A. 3 000 feet AGL.

Rime ice is formed in: Select one: A. Stratiform clouds. B. Cumulous clouds. C. Freezing rain. D. All of the above.

A. Stratiform clouds

How does airframe ice form? Select one: A. Super-cooled water droplets strike a cold airframe. B. Cooling on clear calm nights, when the relative humidity is high. C. Fuel in the tanks can be colder than the outside temperature, causing sublimation to occur when the outside temperature is near freezing. D. None of the above.

A. Super-cooled water droplets strike a cold airframe.

Pressure altitude 12,000 ft True air temperature +50 °F From the conditions given, the approximate density altitude is: Select one: A. 18,150 feet B. 14,130 feet C. 11,900 feet D. 12,000 feet

B. 14,130 feet

On a surface analysis chart the solid lines that depict sea level pressure patterns are called Select one: A. isotachs. B. millibars. C. isogonics. D. isobars.

D. isobars.

ADS-B is one of the newest emerging technologies. Select one: True False

True

NOTAMS are notices issued to pilots concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure, or a hazard. Select one: True False

True

During what time of the year are tornadoes most likely to occur in North America? Select one: a. Spring and summer b. Autumn and winter c. Summer and autumn d. Winter and spring

a. Spring and summer

Where is the ozone layer? Select one: a. Stratosphere b. Ionosphere c. Tropopause d. Troposphere

a. Stratosphere

120001 NOTAMN CYDN ROBLIN CKB7 ARCAL LGT DURATION REDUCED TO 7 MIN 1305040900 TIL 1305112300 Which is the correct statement about the NOTAM? Select one: a. This is a new NOTAM. b. Valid from 4 May 2013 at 09:00 local till 11 May 2013 at 23:00 Local. c. Valid from 5 April 2013 at 09:00 local till 5 November 2013 at 23:00 local. d. Valid from 5 April 2013 at 09:00 UTC till 5 November 2013 at 23:00 UTC.

a. This is a new NOTAM.

Why do we have NOTAMs available? Select one: a. To increase communication. b. To annoy pilots. c. So pilots do not break the law. d. All of the above.

a. To increase communication.

Weather is prevented from rising through which of the following atmospheric layers? Select one: a. Tropopause b. Stratopause c. Thermopause d. Mesopause

a. Tropopause

What is the boundary layer between troposphere and stratosphere called? Select one: a. Tropopause b. Ionosphere c. Atmosphere d. Stratosphere

a. Tropopause

Place the following atmospheric layers in order from dense to least dense: Select one: a. Troposphere; Stratosphere; Mesosphere; Thermosphere b. Troposphere; Mesosphere; Stratosphere; Thermosphere c. Troposphere; Stratosphere; Thermosphere; Mesosphere d. Stratosphere; Mesosphere; Thermosphere; Troposphere

a. Troposphere; Stratosphere; Mesosphere; Thermosphere

A continental air mass is best described as Select one: a. dry. b. moist. c. cold. d. warm.

a. dry.

The height of the freezing level on a GFA is measured in . . . . . and is indicated by contour lines every . . . . . Select one: a. feet ASL, 2 500 feet. b. feet AGL, 1 000 feet. c. feet ASL, 2 000 feet. d. feet AGL, 1 500 feet.

a. feet ASL, 2 500 feet

Heat can be transferred into the atmosphere by Select one: a. radiation, conduction, advection, and convection. b. rotation, consumption, invention, and convention. c. radiation, precipitation, wind, and fronts. d. none of the above.

a. radiation, conduction, advection, and convection.

The energy of Sun's rays heats the surface of Earth which in turn reflects the energy into the layers right above it. This process is called Select one: a. radiation. b. stability. c. a surface based warm advection. d. none of the above.

a. radiation.

Weather radar is able to detect Select one: a. rain. b. ice crystals. c. clouds. d. all of the above.

a. rain.

Not a characteristic of unstable air is Select one: a. steady precipitation. b. thunderstorms. c. a high temperature and dew point spread. d. a steep lapse rate.

a. steady precipitation.

A black-hole on the weather radar display will most likely represent Select one: a. the hard core of a thunderstorm cell. b. an area of hail. c. a rain shower. d. a harmless snow shower.

a. the hard core of a thunderstorm cell.

Given: Surface temperature 18°C Dew point 3°C Elevation 523 feet ASL The freezing level is at Select one: a. 7 523 feet ASL. b. 6 523 feet ASL. c. 8 023 feet ASL. d. 7 000 feet ASL.

b. 6 523 feet ASL.

The wind velocity characteristics of a jet stream include winds of at least Select one: a. 45 KT at every point along its axis. b. 60 KT at every point along its axis. c. 90 KT at every point along its axis. d. 120 KT at every point along its axis.

b. 60 KT at every point along its axis.

Which feature is associated with the tropopause? Select one: a. Absolute upper limit of cloud formation. b. Abrupt change of temperature lapse rate. c. Absence of wind and turbulence. d. None of the above.

b. Abrupt change of temperature lapse rate.

Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than that actually flown? Select one: a. Air temperature lower than standard. b. Air temperature higher than standard. c. Pressure altitude the same as indicated altitude. d. Atmospheric pressure lower than standard.

b. Air temperature higher than standard.

An inversion is: Select one: a. A decrease of temperature with height. b. An increase of temperature with height. c. A decrease of pressure with height. d. An increase of pressure with height.

b. An increase of temperature with height.

How does the height of the tropopause vary with latitude in the Northern Hemisphere? Select one: a. Decreases as we move from north pole to Equator b. Decreases as we move from Equator to north pole. c. It varies with longitude not latitude. d. Remains constant.

b. Decreases as we move from Equator to north pole.

The Tricellular model places the doldrums over the Select one: a. north Pole. b. Equator c. south Pole d. horse Latitudes.

b. Equator

With regards to a terminal aerodrome forecast, a TEMPO is issued when the forecast weather is expected to last less than Select one: a. half a hour or if reoccurring for a total time of less than one hour. b. a hour or if reoccurring for a total time of less than half the TEMPO period. c. a hour or if reoccurring for a total time of less than an hour. d. half a hour or if reoccurring for a total time of less than two hours.

b. a hour or if reoccurring for a total time of less than half the TEMPO period.

A phenomena associated with unstable conditions is Select one: a. an isothermal layer. b. large scale rising of the air. c. large scale sinking of the air. d. advection cooling.

b. large scale rising of the air.

No ceiling is said to exist when sky coverage is Select one: a. less than 4/8th. b. less than 5/8th. c. equal to or less than 5/8th. d. less than 3/8th.

b. less than 5/8th.

The movement of a front is controlled by the Select one: a. source region of the air masses involved. b. movement of the cold air. c. movement of the warm air. d. mixing zone.

b. movement of the cold air.

For an extended forecast period the GFA includes an IFR outlook located Select one: a. on the 6-hour clouds and weather chart comments box. b. on the 12-hour clouds and weather chart comments box. c. on the 12-hour ICG TURB & FZLVL chart comments box. d. in the comments box of each issue.

b. on the 12-hour clouds and weather chart comments box.

The light spread phenomena refers to Select one: a. the Sun being further away from Earth during certain times of the year. b. the Sun's rays hitting Earth at an angle instead of perpendicular. c. the Sun's rays dissipating en route to Earth as they pass through particles of gas and dust. d. none of the above.

b. the Sun's rays hitting Earth at an angle instead of perpendicular.

When the weather is expected to change gradually over a period of time and then remain the same, the change group used is Select one: a. APRX and TILL. b. FM. c. BECMG. d. TEMPO.

c. BECMG.

What characteristic is associated with a temperature inversion? Select one: a. Instability. b. Area of active storms. c. Stability. d. Clear ice.

c. Stability.

When the probability is 50% that a hazard to aviation may occur during a specified time the weather change group used is Select one: a. PROB50. b. SIGMET. c. TEMPO, FM or BECMG. d. TEMPO.

c. TEMPO, FM or BECMG.

Which is true regarding the use of airborne weather radar for the recognition of certain weather conditions? Select one: a. The clear area between intense echoes indicates that visual sighting of storms can be maintained when flying between the echoes. b. The avoidance of hail is assured when flying between and just clear of the most intense echoes. c. The radarscope provides no assurance of avoiding instrument weather conditions. d. The radar always detects thunderstorms.

c. The radarscope provides no assurance of avoiding instrument weather conditions.

In which layer is most of the atmospheric humidity concentrated? Select one: a. Stratosphere b. Tropopause c. Troposphere d. Stratopause

c. Troposphere

Advection fog has drifted over a coastal airport during the day. What may tend to lift this fog into low stratus clouds? Select one: a. Nighttime cooling b. Light winds c. Winds 15 KT or stronger d. Surface radiation

c. Winds 15 KT or stronger

Associated with a temperature inversion is Select one: a. an unstable layer of air. b. air mass thunderstorms. c. a stable layer of air. d. all of the above.

c. a stable layer of air.

A decrease of 5°C per 1 000 feet increase of altitude would be considered Select one: a. an inversion. b. a shallow lapse rate. c. a steep lapse rate. d. an isothermal layer.

c. a steep lapse rate.

A surface analysis chart provides Select one: a. forecast surface weather from the ground to 10 000 feet AGL. b. forecast surface weather from the ground to 3 000 feet AGL. c. actual weather as observed from the surface to a height of 3 000 feet AGL. d. actual weather as observed from the surface to a height of 10 000 feet AGL.

c. actual weather as observed from the surface to a height of 3 000 feet AGL.

The resultant wind affected by friction moves Select one: a. parallel to the isobars. b. perpendicular to the isobars. c. at an angle to the isobars. d. none of the above are correct.

c. at an angle to the isobars.

The most severe mountain wave conditions are created in a strong airflow that is blowing Select one: a. along the range and in very unstable air. b. along the range and in very stable air. c. at right angles to the range and in very unstable air. d. at right angles to the range and in very stable air.

c. at right angles to the range and in very unstable air.

The types of clouds are generally associated with an approaching warm front are Select one: a. cirrus, cumulonimbus, nimbostratus, and then altostratus. b. cirrus, cirrocumulus, altostratus, and then nimbostratus c. cirrus, cirrostratus, altostratus and then nimbostratus. d. cirrus, towering cumulus, altostratus and then nimbostratus.

c. cirrus, cirrostratus, altostratus and then nimbostratus.

While flying through a jet stream you monitor the OAT gauge and notice a rise in temperature. To avoid turbulence you choose to Select one: a. speed up. b. descend. c. climb. d. maintain altitude.

c. climb.

The relative movement of the two air masses along a cold front is Select one: a. warm air pushing over a cold air mass. b. cold air sliding over a warm air mass. c. cold air pushing under a warm air mass. d. warm air pushing under a cold air mass.

c. cold air pushing under a warm air mass.

Steam fog forms when Select one: a. moisture is being reduced to match the dew point. b. warm dry air blows over cold water. c. cold dry air blows over warm water. d. temperature is reduced to the dew point.

c. cold dry air blows over warm water.

A squall line is usually associated with a Select one: a. fast-moving warm front. b. stationary front. c. fast-moving cold front. d. upper cold front.

c. fast-moving cold front.

A moist cold air mass that is being warmed from below is characterized by Select one: a. continuous heavy precipitation. b. fog and drizzle. c. showers and thunderstorms. d. nimbostratus clouds.

c. showers and thunderstorms.

When an air mass is stable most likely to exist is Select one: a. numerous towering cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds. b. thunderstorms and squall lines. c. smoke, dust, and haze concentrated at the lower levels with resulting poor visibility. d. moderate to severe turbulence at the lower levels.

c. smoke, dust, and haze concentrated at the lower levels with resulting poor visibility.

Freeze drying is an example of Select one: a. deposition. b. condensation. c. sublimation. d. evaporation.

c. sublimation.

Lightning poses the greatest danger to an aircraft when Select one: a. the aircraft is not grounded. b. relative humidity is very low. c. temperature at operating altitude is between -5°C and 5°C. d. temperature at operating altitude is between -15°C and -5°C.

c. temperature at operating altitude is between -5°C and 5°C.

The amount of water vapour that an air mass can hold depends on its Select one: a. lapse rate. b. stability. c. temperature. d. dew point.

c. temperature.

The time of year when the Sun is directly over the Equator is called Select one: a. noon, daily. b. the Solstice. c. the Equinox. d. none of the above.

c. the Equinox.

If the wind is from the north the area of low pressure is to the Select one: a. north. b. west. c. south. d. east.

d. east.

Thunderstorms reach their greatest intensity during the Select one: a. period in which precipitation is not falling. b. cumulus stage. c. dissipating stage. d. mature stage.

d. mature stage.

Under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude? Select one: A. When standard atmospheric conditions exist. B. When the atmospheric pressure is 29.92" Hg. C. When indicated altitude is equal to the pressure altitude. D. None of the above.

A. When standard atmospheric conditions exist.

n a graphical area forecast (GFA) the clouds and weather chart contains a summary of Select one: A. sky conditions, cloud heights, visibility, obstructions to vision, precipitation, and sustained surface winds of 20 knots or greater. B. convective activity only. C. forecast sky cover, cloud tops, visibility, and obstructions to vision along specific routes. D. only those weather systems producing liquid or frozen precipitation and fog, thunderstorms, or IFR ceilings.

A. sky conditions, cloud heights, visibility, obstructions to vision, precipitation, and sustained surface winds of 20 knots or greater.

A graphical area forecast is valid for Select one: A. 18 hours with an additional 12 hours categorical outlook. B. 12 hours with an additional 12 hours categorical outlook. C. 12 hours with an additional 6 hours categorical outlook. D. 24 hours with an additional 6 hours categorical outlook.

B. 12 hours with an additional 12 hours categorical outlook

The body of a terminal aerodrome forecast (TAF) covers a geographical proximity within a Select one: A. 10 to 15 mile radius of the center of an airport. B. 5 NM radius of the centre of the runway complex depending on local terrain. C. 3 to 5 NM radius. D. 15 to 20 mile radius of the center of an airport.

B. 5 NM radius of the centre of the runway complex depending on local terrain.

What is the meaning of MVFR as used in the IFR outlook on the GFA? Select one: A. A ceiling less than 1 000 feet AGL or visibility less than 3 miles. B. A ceiling of 1 000 to 3 000 feet AGL or visibility of 3 to 5 miles. C. A ceiling of greater than 3 000 feet AGL and a visibility greater than 5 miles. D. A ceiling less than 1 000 feet AGL and/or visibility less than 3 miles.

B. A ceiling of 1 000 to 3 000 feet AGL or visibility of 3 to 5 miles.

With regards to airframe icing catch rate, which of the following is true? Select one: A. The design of a wing is not a factor that affects the catch rate. B. A thin wing has a greater catch rate than a thick wing. C. Airframe icing catch rate is not important, and is irrelevant to the dangers associated with icing. D. A thick wing has a greater catch rate than a thin wing.

B. A thin wing has a greater catch rate than a thick wing.

Which feature is associated with the tropopause? Select one: A. Steep pressure gradient. B. Abrupt change in temperature lapse rate. C. Absence of wind and turbulent conditions. D. Absolute upper limit of cloud formation.

B. Abrupt change in temperature lapse rate.

What effect does airframe icing have on aircraft performance? Select one: A. Causes the centre of gravity to shift forward. B. It will disrupt the laminar airflow over the airfoils. C. The added weight will cause a decrease in the stalling speed. D. Has no adverse effect on the aircraft.

B. It will disrupt the laminar airflow over the airfoils.

A . . . . . is a report by a pilot in flight of any unusual weather conditions encountered. Select one: A. PAN PAN B. PIREP C. NOTAM D. VOLMET

B. PIREP

A pilot reporting turbulence that momentarily causes slight erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude should report it as Select one: A. light chop. B. light turbulence. C. moderate turbulence. D. occasional light turbulence.

B. light turbulence.

Vertical visibility is shown in a METAR when the sky is Select one: A. clear. B. obscured. C. 6 SM or less, with some exceptions. D. overcast.

B. obscured.

On a surface analysis chart the close spacing of the isobars indicates a Select one: A. weak temperature gradient. B. strong pressure gradient. C. strong temperature gradient. D. weak pressure gradient.

B. strong pressure gradient.

SIGMETs are weather warnings which are issued Select one: A. particularly to light aeroplanes. B. particularly to heavy aircraft. C. to all aircraft. D. to meteorologists.

C. to all aircraft.

A pilot flying around stratus clouds will experience moderate turbulence. Select one: a. False b. True

Correct

The average height of the troposphere at the equator is: Select one: A. 25,000 feet B. 37,000 feet C. 20,000 feet D. 55,000 feet

D. 55,000 feet

Pressure altitude 5,000 ft True air temperature +30 °C From the conditions given, the approximate density altitude is: Select one: A. 9,000 feet B. 7,200 feet C. 7,800 feet D. 6,700 feet

C. 7,800 feet

Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than actually flown (true altitude)? Select one: A. Air temperature lower than standard. B. Atmospheric pressure lower than standard. C. Air temperature warmer than standard. D. Flying on the lee side of a mountain wave.

C. Air temperature warmer than standard.

Infrared satellite images are able to detect the temperature emitted by all objects above Select one: a. -272°C. b. -176°C. c. -84°C. d. -312°C.

a. -272°C.

The surfaces of fronts generally slope at an a angle of Select one: a. 0.5 to 1.5°. b. 2 to 4°. c. 3 to 6°. d. 1.5 to 1°.

a. 0.5 to 1.5°.

In Canada you should call which number for the nearest FIC? Select one: a. 1 (866) WXBRIEF b. 1 (800) WXBRIEF c. 1 (866) WEATHER d. Number listed in the CFS only

a. 1 (866) WXBRIEF

During thunderstorm formation precipitation falls during the Select one: a. cumulus stage. b. developing stage. c. mature stage. d. precipitation stage.

c. mature stage.

Pressure is measured in Select one: a. isobars relative to sea level. b. millibars relative to ground level. c. millibars relative to sea level. d. isobars relative to ground level.

c. millibars relative to sea level.

Weather radar is able to detect the . . . . . drops of water, snowflakes, sleet, or hail. Select one: a. presence of b. difference between c. number, size, and reflectivity of d. temperature of

c. number, size, and reflectivity of

After the passage of a warm front the dew point will tend to Select one: a. fall gently then remain steady. b. not be affected. c. rise then remain steady. d. remain steady.

c. rise then remain steady

It is true that Select one: a. shallow lapse rate indicates unstable air. b. steep lapse rate indicates stable air. c. steep lapse rate indicates unstable air. d. none of the above indicate stability of the air.

c. steep lapse rate indicates unstable air.

Radiation fog usually clears with Select one: a. cloud cover and dawn turbulence. b. zero wind and cloud cover. c. strong winds and daytime heating. d. sub-zero temperatures and zero wind.

c. strong winds and daytime heating.

An advantage of polar orbiting satellites over geostationary satellites is Select one: a. the ability to track quickly moving systems over a longer period of time. b. remaining focused over the same geographical area. c. the level of detail in the image captured. d. all of the above.

c. the level of detail in the image captured.

Sleet is formed by Select one: a. a trough of warm air aloft causes rain to fall into a surface layer just below freezing. b. rain falling through a shallow cold layer causing it to partially freeze. c. the upper air temperature being below freezing but lower air temperature is just above freezing. d. none of the above.

c. the upper air temperature being below freezing but lower air temperature is just above freezing.

With respect to frost adhering to an airfoil, which of the following is true? Select one: A. An amount of frost, consistent with that of coarse sandpaper, adhering to the critical surfaces, can increase drag by 40%, and decrease lift by 30%. B. Frost does not have any adverse effects on the airfoil. C. Frost has no adverse effect on the airfoil, but may turn into ice during the takeoff roll. D. An amount of frost, consistent with that of coarse sandpaper, adhering to the critical surface, can increase drag by 30%, and decrease lift by 40%.

A. An amount of frost, consistent with that of coarse sandpaper, adhering to the critical surfaces, can increase drag by 40%, and decrease lift by 30%.

Clear ice is formed in: Select one: A. Cumulous clouds. B. Stratus clouds. C. Cirrus clouds. D. Fog.

A. Cumulous clouds.

In what cloud type is the risk of severe clear airframe icing present? Select one: A. Cumulus, temperature 0 degrees Celsius - minus 10 degrees Celsius. B. Cumulus, temperature 3 degrees Celsius - minus 25 degrees Celsius. C. Stratus, temperature 0 degrees Celsius - minus 15 degrees Celsius. D. Stratus, temperature 3 degrees Celsius - minus 15 degrees Celsius.

A. Cumulus, temperature 0 degrees Celsius - minus 10 degrees Celsius.

What information would be covered in an AIRMET? Select one: A. Instrument meteorological conditions. B. Hail of 3/4 inch or greater diameter. C. Light turbulence. D. Severe turbulence.

A. Instrument meteorological conditions.

What values are used for winds aloft forecasts? Select one: A. Wind direction true and speed knots. B. Wind direction magnetic and speed miles per hour. C. Wind direction true and speed miles per hour. D. Wind direction magnetic and speed knots.

A. Wind direction true and speed knots.

The wind direction and speed that is represented by the entry 9900+00 for 9000 feet in the FD is Select one: A. light and variable with winds less than 5 knots. B. winds are calm. C. light and variable with winds less than 10 knots. D. a jet stream wind exceeding 200 knots.

A. light and variable with winds less than 5 knots.

How should you recover from a tail stall? Select one: A. Extend flaps to previous setting; pull back on yoke; reduce power. B. Raise flaps to previous setting; pull back on yoke; reduce power. C. Push forward on yoke; increase power. D. Increase airspeed by adding power and lowering the nose.

B. Raise flaps to previous setting; pull back on yoke; reduce power.

Large super-cooled water droplets: Select one: A. Do not pose much hazard to an aircraft as long as the droplets do not turn into ice before contacting the aircraft. B. Require strong vertical currents to support them, therefore they are most commonly found in cumulus cloud. C. Require strong vertical currents to support them, therefore they are most commonly found in stratus cloud. D. Freeze instantly when contacting an aircraft surface.

B. Require strong vertical currents to support them, therefore they are most commonly found in cumulus cloud.

To determine the freezing level and areas of probable icing aloft refer to the Select one: A. AIRMET or SIGMET. B. graphical area forecast. C. weather depiction chart. D. freezing designations (FD).

B. graphical area forecast.

The 700 mB chart equates approximately to the pressure level of Select one: A. FL340. B. 5 000 feet ASL. C. 10 000 feet ASL. D. FL180.

C. 10 000 feet ASL.

In what ways do advection fog, radiation fog, and steam fog differ in their formation or location? Select one: a. Advection fog deepens as wind speed increases up to 20 KT, steam fog requires calm or very light wind, and radiation fog forms when the ground or water cools the air by radiation. b. Radiation fog is restricted to land areas, advection fog is most common along coastal areas, and steam fog forms over a water surface. c. Steam fog forms from moist air moving over a colder surface, advection fog requires cold air over a warmer surface, and radiation fog is produced by radiational cooling of the ground. d. None of the above.

b. Radiation fog is restricted to land areas, advection fog is most common along coastal areas, and steam fog forms over a water surface.

How does freezing rain develop? Select one: a. Rain falls on cold ground and then freezes. b. Rain falls through a layer where temperatures are below 0°C. c. Through melting of sleet grains. d. Through melting of ice crystals.

b. Rain falls through a layer where temperatures are below 0°C.

Which orographic cloud forms as a result of gradient winds shifting from the surface to that at altitude? Select one: a. Lenticular cloud b. Rotor cloud c. Cap cloud d. Contrail

b. Rotor cloud

Which factor will not cause the formation of thunderstorms? Select one: a. An occlusion b. Sea fog c. A warm front d. A cold front

b. Sea fog

Another word for a lightning detector is Select one: a. ADS-B. b. Spherics devices. c. XM weather. d. weather radar.

b. Spherics devices.

Which aviation weather hazards would warrant the issuance of a SIGMET? Select one: a. Moderate icing b. Squall line c. Isolated thunderstorms d. Wind direction differs by 70° from that forecast

b. Squall line

What types of clouds will be formed if very stable moist air is forced up slope? Select one: a. Vertical clouds with increasing height. b. Stratified clouds with little vertical development. c. First stratified clouds and then vertical clouds. d. Fog with increased vertical movement.

b. Stratified clouds with little vertical development.

Which jet stream is not associated with a frontal system? Select one: a. Polar jet stream b. Subtropical jet stream c. Sub Arctic jet stream d. Arctic jet stream

b. Subtropical jet stream

What determines the structure or type of clouds which will form as a result of air being forced to ascend? Select one: a. The method by which the air is lifted. b. The stability and moisture content of the air before lifting occurs. c. The relative humidity of the air after lifting occurs. d. None of the above.

b. The stability and moisture content of the air before lifting occurs.

Which best defines dew point? Select one: a. The temperature that the air must be cooled to in order to drop below 100% relative humidity. b. The temperature that the air must be cooled in order to become saturated. c. The temperature of the air at 50% relative humidity. d. None of the above.

b. The temperature that the air must be cooled in order to become saturated.

Which would decrease the stability of an air mass? Select one: a. Decrease in water vapour. b. Warming from below. c. Warming from above. d. Cooling from below.

b. Warming from below.

A waterspout is Select one: a. less dangerous then a tornado. b. a funnel cloud that makes contact with a body of water. c. will stay over land only. d. all of the above.

b. a funnel cloud that makes contact with a body of water.

Aircraft struck by lightning may sometimes get considerable damage and at least temporarily the maneuvering of the aircraft will be made more difficult. It is correct that an aircraft Select one: a. has in the atmosphere the same qualities as a Faraday's cage, which means that a lightning strike seldom occurs. But if it happens the result will be an occasional engine failure and the crew may get a shock. b. made by composite material may get severe damage, the crew may be blinded, and may temporarily lose their hearing. c. made by composite material cannot conduct lightning and will therefore seldom be struck. d. made by metal has a certain capacity to attract lightning, but the lightning will follow the surface and therefore no damage will be caused.

b. made by composite material may get severe damage, the crew may be blinded, and may temporarily lose their hearing.

During an approach the most important and most easily recognized means of being alerted to possible wind shear is monitoring the Select one: a. heading changes necessary to remain on the runway center line. b. power and vertical velocity required to remain on the proper glide path. c. amount of trim required to relieve control pressures. d. airspeed indicator.

b. power and vertical velocity required to remain on the proper glide path.

When an air mass is stable most likely to exist is Select one: a. numerous towering cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds. b. smoke, dust, and haze concentrated at the lower levels with resulting poor visibility. c. thunderstorms and squall lines. d. moderate to severe turbulence at the lower levels.

b. smoke, dust, and haze concentrated at the lower levels with resulting poor visibility.

Not a characteristic of unstable air is Select one: a. cumulus clouds. b. smooth flying conditions. c. showery precipitation. d. good visibility.

b. smooth flying conditions.

Weather reports that are automatically generated and reported are Select one: a. more accurate than manned weather reporting stations and can always be trusted. b. sometimes fallible and should not always be trusted. c. preferable to receiving PIREPS. d. none of the above.

b. sometimes fallible and should not always be trusted.

Visibility is reported in a METAR in Select one: a. kilometers. b. statute miles. c. feet. d. nautical miles.

b. statute miles.

The type of cloud normally associated with steady precipitation is Select one: a. towering cumulus. b. stratus. c. cumulus. d. rotor clouds.

b. stratus.

Conditions favorable for low-level frictional turbulence are Select one: a. strong wind, rough terrain, and stable lapse rate. b. strong wind, rough terrain, and steep lapse rate. c. light wind, rough terrain, and stable lapse rate. d. strong wind, smooth terrain, and stable lapse rate.

b. strong wind, rough terrain, and steep lapse rate.

When looking at the big picture air at Earth's Poles tend to be involved in Select one: a. convergence. b. subsidence. c. advection. d. convection.

b. subsidence.

Advection fog becomes low stratus clouds with Select one: a. nighttime cooling. b. surface winds of approximately 15 KT or stronger. c. the dryness of the underlying land mass. d. none of the above.

b. surface winds of approximately 15 KT or stronger.

Fog can be anticipated when the Select one: a. air pressure is high. b. temperature and dew point spread is small and decreasing. c. winds are gusty. d. temperature and dew point spread is great and increasing.

b. temperature and dew point spread is small and decreasing.

BECMG 1523/1602 The weather change group interprets as between Select one: a. the 15th day at 23:00 Z and the 16th day at 02:00 Z the following weather elements will exist temporarily. b. the 15th day at 23:00 Z and the 16th day at 02:00 Z the following weather elements will gradually change. c. 15:23 Z and 16:02 Z the following weather elements will gradually change. d. the 15th day at 23:00 local and the 16th day at 02:00 local the following weather elements will gradually change.

b. the 15th day at 23:00 Z and the 16th day at 02:00 Z the following weather elements will gradually change.

When there is an inversion Select one: a. the air is very unstable. b. the air is very stable. c. flying is dangerous. d. thunderstorms are about to form.

b. the air is very stable.

It is not true regarding jet streams that Select one: a. the Tropopause is colder over a warm air mass. b. the jet lies in the cool air above the frontal surface. c. they form between the troposphere and stratosphere. d. the jet streams are lower towards the poles.

b. the jet lies in the cool air above the frontal surface.

In connection with the passage of a front Select one: a. the pressure will increase before it passes. b. the pressure will decrease before it passes. c. after frontal passage the wind will veer to the left. d. answers (b) and (c).

b. the pressure will decrease before it passes.

It is not correct regarding thunderstorms that Select one: a. the turbulence below thunderstorms should not be underestimated. b. the severity of most storms are short lived so little precaution need be taken for most aircraft. c. thunderstorms are difficult to asses the severity of by visual observation alone. d. the turbulence associated with a storm may extend up to 20 NM away.

b. the severity of most storms are short lived so little precaution need be taken for most aircraft.

Clouds are classified into four families based on Select one: a. their source regions. b. their height and vertical development. c. whether they contain cumulus or stratus clouds. d. their shape and composition.

b. their height and vertical development.

The highest frequency of thunderstorms encountered are in Select one: a. temperate regions. b. tropical regions. c. polar regions. d. subtropical regions.

b. tropical regions.

Mechanical turbulence is formed when Select one: a. wind eddies are created on leeward side of a mountain. b. wind encounters terrain or obstacles. c. several layers of wind meet creating opposing forces between them. d. an aircraft's downwash interferes with the stabilizer.

b. wind encounters terrain or obstacles.

After the passage of a cold front there is a nice VFR flying day with excellent visibility and a fair amount of cumulus clouds. Expected conditions are Select one: a. unknown as not enough information is given. b. very little convection due to a small spread between the temperature and dew point. c. bumpy and turbulent flying conditions due to instability of the atmosphere with possible development of thunderstorms. d. increased stability of the atmosphere since the front is already passed.

c. bumpy and turbulent flying conditions due to instability of the atmosphere with possible development of thunderstorms.

The initial phase of a thunderstorm is characterized by Select one: a. rain starting at the surface. b. continuous downdrafts. c. continuous updrafts. d. frequent lightning.

c. continuous updrafts

The movement of air relating to a trough is Select one: a. descending and diverging. b. descending and converging. c. converging and ascending. d. ascending and diverging.

c. converging and ascending.

The stages of thunderstorm development are the Select one: a. cumulus, dissipating and mature. b. mature, cumulus and dissipating. c. cumulus, mature and dissipating. d. dissipating, mature amd cumulus.

c. cumulus, mature and dissipating.

Katabatic is wind blowing Select one: a. up ice covered slopes during the night. b. up valleys at night. c. down valleys at night. d. up ice covered slopes during the day.

c. down valleys at night.

An area of fog reducing visibility on the GFA to 1/4 SM would be indicated on the GFA by Select one: a. describing the region affected with a comment on the side. b. enclosing the region with a green border with speckled hatch marks. c. enclosing it with a dashed orange line. d. enclosing the region with a scalloped border.

c. enclosing it with a dashed orange line.

All heights on a GFA are measured as . . . . . unless noted. Select one: a. millibar intervals b. feet above ground level c. feet above sea level d. meters above sea level

c. feet above sea level

Surface prognostic charts are Select one: a. analysis of the current surface weather. b. forecasts issued 36 and 24 hours before valid time. c. forecasts issued 48 and 36 hours before valid time. d. analysis of weather valid for 36 and 48 hours.

c. forecasts issued 48 and 36 hours before valid time.

While flying through a winter warm front you encounter first snow then ice pellets. Expected next would be Select one: a. rain and then freezing rain. b. rain and then clearing skies. c. freezing rain and then rain. d. hail and then freezing rain.

c. freezing rain and then rain.

Deposition is when a Select one: a. liquid becomes a solid. b. gas becomes a liquid. c. gas becomes a solid. d. solid becomes a liquid.

c. gas becomes a solid.

The vertical extent of mechanical turbulence in the lower levels would be Select one: a. greatest when warm air moves over a warm surface. b. weakest when cold air moves over a warm surface. c. greatest when cold air moves over a warm surface. d. shallow when the pressure is very high.

c. greatest when cold air moves over a warm surface.

It is true concerning the in-flight hazard of hail that Select one: a. fast moving warm fronts produce the most severe hailstones. b. rain at the surface indicates the absence of hail aloft. c. hailstones may be thrown outward from a storm cloud for several miles. d. hail is usually produced by altocumulus clouds.

c. hailstones may be thrown outward from a storm cloud for several miles.

Clouds are classified according to their Select one: a. moisture content and height. b. temperature and moisture content. c. height and vertical development. d. appearance and composition.

c. height and vertical development.

It is not true regarding ADS-B that it Select one: a. currently is a free service. b. is a ground based system. c. is superior to XM weather radar. d. includes METARs and TAFs.

c. is superior to XM weather radar

Not a characteristic of the Sub Tropical jet stream is Select one: a. it moves less than the polar jet stream. b. it has lower wind velocities. c. it follows an east to west path. d. none of the above.

c. it follows an east to west path.

The turbulence reporting criteria known as severe is best described as Select one: a. aircraft is violently tossed, control is impossible. b. greater intensity, aircraft under control. c. large abrupt changes, momentarily out of control. d. intermittent.

c. large abrupt changes, momentarily out of control.

After a cold front has moved in, the colder air causes the air pressure to increase resulting in a slightly higher altimeter setting. Select one: a. Statement is true and no altitude corrections need be made by the pilot. b. Statement is false and no altitude corrections need be made by the pilot. c. Statement is true and altitude corrections should be made to obstacle clearance altitudes when temperature is 0° C or below. d. Altimeter setting does not change but corrections must be applied to obstacle clearance altitudes when the OAT is less than 0° C.

c. Statement is true and altitude corrections should be made to obstacle clearance altitudes when temperature is 0° C or below.

Lines joining areas of equal pressure are called . . . . . and are separated by . . . . . millibars. Select one: a. isobars, 6 b. contour lines, 4 c. isobars, 4 d. contour lines, 6

c. isobars, 4

You cruise at FL 200 and notice an OAT of -35° C. The airmass has therefore an average temperature which is: Select one: a. 5° C warmer than ISA. b. 20° C colder than ISA. c. 5° C colder than ISA. d. 10° C colder than ISA.

d. 10° C colder than ISA

Which of the following alternatives applies to the correct composition of the atmosphere by volume? Select one: a. 50 % oxygen and 50 % nitrogen b. 25 % oxygen, 50 % nitrogen and 25 % water vapour c. 21 % nitrogen and 78 % oxygen d. 21 % oxygen and 78 % nitrogen

d. 21 % oxygen and 78 % nitrogen

Which of the following statements regarding heat distribution is false? Select one: a. Land surfaces heat up faster than ocean. b. Land surfaces give off heat faster than ocean. c. During the night an ocean will stay warmer for a greater period of time than the land. d. Heating variation is fairly uniform throughout most land areas.

d. Heating variation is fairly uniform throughout most land areas.

Advection is: Select one: a. Vertical motion of air. b. The same as subsidence. c. The same as convection. d. Horizontal motion of air.

d. Horizontal motion of air.

An aircraft is flying at FL 180 on the Northern Hemisphere with a crosswind from the left. Which of the following is correct concerning its true altitude? Select one: a. Without knowing temperatures at FL 180 this question can not be answered. b. It remains constant. c. It increases. d. It decreases.

d. It decreases

During a flight over the sea at FL 135, the true altitude is 13,500'; local altimeter setting is 30.08" Hg. What information, if any, can be gained about the air mass in which the aircraft is flying? Select one: a. There is insufficient information to make any assumption. b. Its average temperature is the same as ISA. c. It is warmer than ISA. d. It is colder than ISA.

d. It is colder than ISA.

An aerodrome is 984' above sea level with an altimeter setting of 30.54" Hg at standard temperature. If the temperature dropped to 12.5 deg C, what would the station pressure most likely be? Select one: a. Impossible to determine. b. The same as altimeter setting. c. More than 30.54" Hg. d. Less than 30.54" Hg.

d. Less than 30.54" Hg.