Methods of Research Exam 4 Review

which of the following is true regarding obtaining informed consent for your study?

you need to obtain informed consent because there is risk associated with your study

_____ psychology is a subdiscipline of psychology that works primarily in the generalization made

cultural

as a psychologist who primarily does research, you are most concerned with which APA standard of ethics?

8

you are panning to use deception in your study and you are thinking about a debriefing session. Which of the following is true of the debriefing?

participants must be told the reasons for the deception

which of the following ethical violations proposed by the Belmont Report was NOT committed in the Tuskegee Study?

participants were not given monetary payments for their time

which of the following is a difference between a debriefing session following a study with deception compared to a debriefing session following a study without deception?

a deception study debriefing must attempt to restore a sense of honesty and trustworthiness

you submit a study for approval by the institutional review board (IRB), and they tell you that written informed consent is required. Which of the following can be excluded from your informed consent document?

a description of the study's hypotheses

which of the following is correct about sample size

a large sample size still needs to be a random sample in order to be generalizable

Imagine that you are a clinical psychologist and you volunteer your time at a local prison where you counsel several inmates. Because of your connections at the prison, you are considering using prisoners as participants for your research study . The institutional review board (IRB) committee that reviews your study must have which of the following as a member?

a prisoner advocate

which of the following is NOT an example of coercion?

a researcher offering three extra credit points to college students to participate in a study

you would most be able to generalize your findings to which of the following populations?

people who eat lunch at fast-food restaurants

imagine that you are a clinical psychologist and you volunteer your time at a local prison where you counsel several inmates. Because of your connections at the prison, you are considering using prisoners as participants for your research study. Why is this choice potentially problematic?

according to the Belmont Report, prisoners are entitled to special protection

which of the following is necessary for a sample to be considered representative?

all members of the population have an equal chance of being included in the sample

an in-person institutional board (IRB) meeting would probably be required for all of the following studies EXCEPT

an anonymous survey asking whether students want the campus mascot to be changed

how are quota sampling and stratified sampling similar?

both identify subgroups that need to be studied

the difference between a cluster sample and a stratified sample is:

cluster samples use randomly selected clusters; stratified random samples use predetermined strata

which of the following is a step you will do in conducting you meta-analysis?

collect all the studies that have been conducted on daily stress nd cardiovascular health

if researchers measure every tenth member of a population, they have______

collected a sample

which of the following MUST be done before meta-analyses can occur?

collection of the scientific literature on a topic

you decide to conduct a variation of the original study in which you measure participants' ability to solve verbal analogies as the cognitive task instead of measuring their ability to solve algebra problems. You find that people who consume caffeine solve more verbal analogies than those who do not consume caffeine. Again, your results suggest that caffeine consumption causes improved cognitive performance. This study is known as a

conceptual replication

you decide to conduct your study again, but in the new study, you study people at a sit-down restaurant. For this study, you manipulate whether the menu used at the table has pictures or not. This is known as which of the following?

conceptual replication

which of the following is an example of a nonprobability sample

convenience sample

what is the most common sampling technique in behavioral research

convenience sampling

upon receiving IRB approval, you ask a colleague to conduct the data collection for your study. However, your colleague does not collect any data and instead provides you with invented results that support your hypothesis. This is known as which of the following?

data fabrication

you plan to tell your participants that the reason you are waking them up during the night is to recalibrate the EEG machine. This would be an example of which of the following?

deception through commission

you decide to conduct the exact same study again to ensure that you can find the same group difference with a new set of participants. This study is known as a

direct replication

you want to conduct your study again, but this time you want to conduct it in your research laboratory. You want people to feel and act the same way in your laboratory that they would when facing order choices in an actual fast-food restaurant. To do this, you must try to enhance which of the following?

experimental realism

replicability helps interrogate which of the four big validities?

external validity

external validity is most important for which of the following claims?

frequency claims

which of the following claims is always researched in generalization mode?

frequency claims

which of the following is most likely to be part of a debriefing?

fully informing participants about all aspects of the study

you decide to conduct a conceptual replication of your original study. Which of the following could be included in the study to make it this type of replication?

having participants drink caffeinated tea instead of a caffeinated energy drink

when you are interrogating the external validity of a sample, which is the most important question to ask?

how was the sample collected?

when generalizing the results of a sample population, which of the following is the most important question to ask?

how were the participants sampled?

which of the following is true of probability sampling?

it is the best way to obtain a representative sample

which of the following is true of the Belmont Report?

it was written at the request of the US Congress

open data protects against which questionable research practice?

p-hacking

a sample is to _____ as a population is to _____

part; entire

another term for probability sampling is

random sampling

in what type of study do researchers replicate their original experiment and add variables to test additional questions?

replication-plus-extension

some studies may not replicate because the original study used questionable scientific practices. Which of the following is a way open science practices attempt to deal with this problem?

requiring scientists to make their data and materials available for review

which of the following can direct replication studies change?

the participants

you suspect that the people who will most benefit from your study are high school and college students because they are asked to perform cognitive functions in various stages of sleep deprivation. Given this information, what type of participants should you recruit for your study?

students from a local university

how would you best describe the results of the facial feedback hypothesis replications?

the facial feedback effect was not supported by the replications

a colleague recommends that you contact several researchers in the field for articles that were not published and/or that found no statistically significant effects. Doing this will address which of the following?

the file drawer problem

the need to balance the potential costs and benefits to participants taking part in a research study is done to address which principle of the Belmont Report?

the principle of Beneficence

the belief that the participants in a research study should be representative of the type of people who would also benefit from the findings of the research stems from which principle of the Belmont Report?

the principle of Justice

your decision about the type of participants to recruit should be informed by which of the following principles of the Belmont Report?

the principle of Justice

you ask your participants to provide informed consent. Doing this is adhering to which principle of the Belmont Report?

the principle of respect for persons

why are techniques such as cluster sampling and multistage sampling just as externally valid as simple random sampling

they all contain elements of random selection

which of the following is a primary reason that psychologists might fabricate or falsify their data?

they feel pressure to publish findings

if a sample is biased, then it is _____ the population of interest

unrepresentative of

a biased sample consists of too many ____ cases

unusual

to address the Belmont Report's principle of beneficence, you would need to ask which of the following questions?

what can I do to decrease the potential harm experienced by my participants?

you are deciding whether you need to give participants a reason for waking them up several times during the night. You know that you cannot tell them the real reason for waking them up because that will compromise your study. But you are unsure whether you should deceive them (give them a false reason why you are waking them up) or provide them with no cover story at all. Which of the following issues should be considered most heavily when deciding whether to use deception

whether you can conduct the study just as well without deception