MGMT 3003

The family and medical leave act of 1993 requires employers to provide up to ____ of _____ leave for family and medical emergencies

12 weeks, unpaid

Define decision making and discuss programmed and nonprogrammed decisions:

Decision making is the act of choosing one alternative from a set of alternatives. Programmed decisions are relatively structured or frequent. Nonprogrammed decisions are unstructured and occur less frequently.

Eric is a manager who recently introduced a new process fro screening potential employees. Eric has noticed that the new screening process is not very efficient and is not helping recruiters find the best candidates. However, Eric continues to use the same processes because it was so expensive to set up the initial system. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in this scenario?

Escalation of commitment

In the GE Business Screen Matrix, which of the following is a determinant of industry attractiveness?

Market size

Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making when compared to individual decision making?

More alternatives are likely to be generated

_____ are skills and capabilities that enable an organization to create and implement its strategies

Organizational strengths

Decentralized networks tend to perform better when a group's task is

complex and nonroutine

Which of the following perspectives on motivation concerns "what" motivates people rather than "how" they are motivated

content

Innovation _____ is the stage at which the demand for the innovation decreases and substitute innovations are developed and applied

decline

Why does the fixed ratio schedule lead to high level of effort?

each behavior gets the person closer to the next reward

At Gamma Inc., there are separate departments of employees who specialize in sales, service maintenance, customer service, and accounting. What form of departmentalization does Gamma use?

functional departmentalization

Tall organizations

have more managers than flat organizations

When a firm decides to decrease the number of first-line managers it has, and thus increase the span of management of first-line managers, it is making a change in the area of

organization structure and design

_____ is a formal assessment of how well employees are doing their jobs

performance apprasial

Small businesses

provide big businesses with many of the services they need

_____ is the process of attracting qualified persons to apply for jobs that are open

recruiting

At Heritage Chocolates, the raw materials are processed at a plant and then sent to the manufacturing plant. The manufactured chocolates are finally sent to the packaging plant. This scenario illustrates _____ at Heritage Chocolates.

sequential interdependence

When decision makers do not know all of the risks associated with each alternative or the likely consequences of each one, they are making decisions in a condition of

uncertianty

Define a bureaucracy. State the five characteristics that an ideal bureaucracy exhibits.

A bureaucracy is a model of organizational design based on a legitimate and formal system of authority. According to Weber, the ideal bureaucracy exhibits the following: 1. The organization should adopt a distinctive division of labor, and each position should be filled by an expert. 2. The organization should develop a consistent set of rules to ensure that the task performance is uniform. 3. The organization should establish a hierarchy of positions or offices that creates a chain of command from the top of the organizations to the bottom. 4. Managers should conduct business in an impersonal way and maintain an appropriate social distance between themselves and their subordinates. 5. Employment and advancement in the organization should be based on technical expertise, and employees should be protected from arbitrary dismissal.

What might explain why construction is a good industry for small businesses?

Because many construction jobs are relatively small, local projects, local construction firms are often ideally suited as contractors.

A _____ organization is similar to the bureaucratic model

mehcanistic

During the growth state of the product life cycle,

more firms begin producing the product

Groupthink:

often leads to choosing a wrong alternative

A criticism against executive compensation in recent years is that

there seems to be no relationship between organization's performance and executive's compensations

Which of the following is a characteristic of extranets?

they allow selected outsiders limited access to an organization's internal information system

Organizations can benefit from turnovers if

they are trying to cut costs

Firms that implement a strategy of _____ operate multiple businesses that are not logically associated with one another.

unrelated diversification

If one wants to maintain an employee's behavior at a high level with variations in the level of irrespective of the time interval, which of the following schedules of reinforcement would be most successful?

variable-ratio

The _____ is a management policy decision about whether a firm wants to pay above, at, or below the going rate for labor in the industry or geographic area.

wage level decision

Describe the types of errors that can occur in performance appraisal systems.

Errors or biases can occur in any kind of rating system. One common problem is recency error--the tendency to base judgments on the on the subordinate's most recent performance because it is most easily recalled. Often a rating or ranking is intended to evaluated performance over an entire time period, such as six months or a year, so the recency error does introduce error into the judgment. Other errors include overuse of one part of the scale--being too lenient, being too severe, or giving everyone a rating of "average." Halo error is allowing the assessment of an employee on one dimension to "spread" to ratings of that employee on other dimensions. For example, if an employee is outstanding on quality of output, a rater might tend to give him or her higher marks than deserved on other dimensions. Errors can also occur because of race, sex, or age discrimination, intentionally or unintentionally. The best way to offset these errors is to ensure that a valid rating system is developed at the outset and then to train managers in how to use it.

Which of the following strategies will help companies succeed during the growth stage of a product cycle?

Focusing on creating product differentiation

How can political behavior play a useful role?

It can be used to increase social responsibility

Which of the following statements is true about the differentiation strategy?

It enables a firm to charge more for its products

_____ is one of the factors that makes an alternative infeasible.

Legal barries

Contrast programmed and nonprogrammed decisions:

Programmed decisions are relatively structured or frequent. Nonprogrammed decisions are unstructured and occur less frequently.

The starting point in formulating strategies is usually

SWOT analysis

A marketing manager decides to launch a new product because it is the first product that cam to his mind, even if there are several better products to be explored. Which of the following is illustrated in this scenario?

Statisficing

Which of the following is a generic approach to leadership?

The Ohio state studies

Which of the following statements is true in the context of selecting the best alternative

The decision maker can develop subjective estimates and weights for choosing an alternative

Name and define the three intrapreneurial roles in large organizations.

There are three intrapreneurial roles in large organizations. The inventor is the person who actually conceives of and develops the new idea, product, or service by means of creative process. Because the inventor may lack the expertise or motivation to oversee the transformation of the product of service from an idea into a marketable entity, a second role comes into play. A product champion is usually a middle manager who learns about the project and becomes committed to it. He help overcome organization resistance and convinces others to take the innovation seriously. A sponsor is a top-level manager who approves of and supports a project. This person may fight for the budget needed to develop an idea, overcome arguments against a project, and use organizational politics to ensure the project's survival. With a sponsor in place, the inventor's idea has a much better chance of being successfully developed.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of unrelated diversification strategy:

Unrelated Diversification has two advantages: they should be able to achieve stable performance over time, and they have resource allocation advantages. The disadvantages are: it does not lead to high performance, corporate level managers usually do not know enough to provide strategic guidance or allocate capital appropriately, and they fail to exploit important synergies.

A school has a policy that it will never hire pregnant women as teachers. This scenario illustrates

a direct form of discrimination

As a property, leadership can best be defined as

a set of characteristics found in people who can influence the behavior of others

One disadvantage of using product departmentalization is that

administrative costs rise because each department must have its own functional specialists

Brianne, a graduate engineer, prefers to work in a job that provides her the opportunity to interact with people and make new friends on the job. Brianne has a need for

affiliation

Two high school students applied to the same college. There was only one slot left. The student with the slightly lower grades was accepted because he is a member of a minority ethnic group. This scenario illustrates:

affirmative action

A person's ability to get along with others in an organization is known as

agreeableness

Charlie's belief that promotions are awarded to the supervisor's pets regardless of merit indicates that he has

an external locus of control

_____ is power that has been legitimized by the organization

authority

Employees at GreenTech Inc. complete their schedules on time as every hour they take in excess may lead to a corresponding loss of pay. Their behaviors are strengthened through

avoidance

Why has the importance of cross-cultural leadership increased in today's times?

because of the improving diversity ratios in workplaces

A basic assumption on which the expectancy theory is based on is that

behavior is determined by a combination of forces in the individual and in the environment

Fred is standing with his arms folded in front of him and will not make eye contact with Alphonse. Fred's use of _____ suggests that he is upset with Alphonse or wants to maintain some distance from him.

body language

In _____ technology, raw materials are transformed to a finished product by a series of machine transformations in such a way that the composition of the materials themselves is changed.

continuous process

What type of system would be used to scan pages of text or pictures and convert them into digital form?

document imaging systems

An effective individual strategy for managing a diverse workforce is

encouraging interpersonal communication

_____ is a behavioral process in which a decision maker stays with a decision even when it appears to be wrong.

escalation of commitment

Which of the following statements is true of political behavior?

even if a manager's actions are not politically motivated, others may assume that they are

Venture capital companies

exchange money for partial ownership in the new business

Research suggests that the majority of new businesses

fail within the first few years of founding

Chandra owns a goods delivery business. When Chandra's delivery drivers are experiencing a great deal of interpersonal conflict, Chandra reminds them that cooperation with one another is necessary for the continued profitability of the firm, and also for their job security. Chandra is controlling conflict by

focusing worker's attention on super-ordinate goals

Creating different teams for finance, production, and marketing is consistent with _____ departmentalization

functional

Janice owns a bakery that has only ten employees, out of which three are bakers, four are waiters, and the rest belong to the housekeeping staff. Which of the following approaches to departmentalization would work best for the bakery?

functional

A disadvantage of group decision making is that:

groupthink may occur

Letitia is a salesperson. She routinely sells at a lower volume than her colleagues. However, she offers excellent customer service after the sale, and customers routinely give positive feedback when asked to fill out survey. Her supervisor routinely ranks her as either above average or superior on all items on her performance appraisal, including output. This is an example of _____ error influencing an appraisal.

halo

The expert system is primarily designed to

imitate the thought processes of human experts in a particular field

Darcy joined a group supporting literacy in elementary schools because the teachers who shared his outlook on primary education were all members of the group. He joined for

interpersonal attraction

The assessment center

is a contact-valid simulation of major parts of the managerial job

An attempt to assess the worth of each job relative to other jobs is known as

job evaluation

_____ involves systematically moving employees from one job to another

job rotation

Organizations that manage diversity effectively often have

lower levels of turnover and absenteeism

A manager who has a high level of risk propensity is likely to:

make decisions quickly

Nutrimax Inc. identifies its purpose as "to produce the finest cookies in the world while upholding our principles of promoting good health and maintaining environmental sustainability." This purpose is most likely to be the _____ of Nutrimax.

mission statement

Decisions made by top managers involving strategy, such as signing mergers or making acquisitions, are examples of _____ decisions.

nonprogrammed

Ken is a newly hired police officer. He has been asked to spend a workday with a more experienced officer to learn about paperwork, how to handle accident scenes, how to interact with people, and other duties that he will be expected to perform. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in the scenario?

on the job training

Making a change to the skill level of the workforce is an example of organizational change in the area of

people

A _____ is the most general form of standing plan that specifies the organization's general response to a designated problem or situation.

policy

The creative process typically begins with a period of

preparation

Nutrimax Inc. sponsors a football championship in Oriel in August every year. The championship is organized by the Oriel Football Association to encourage new talent, and Nurtimax bears all the expenses incurred during the championship. The Oriel regional manager of Nutrimax sends across a check to the OFA in July of each year in order for them to prepare for the championship. The regional manager's decision about when to send the check to the OFA is a _____ decision.

programmed

Ron, a manager at a hardware components manufacturing unit, has recently learned from a subordinate's report that the production rates in his firm have gone down immensely because of the poor employee morale. Ron has realized that he needs to make a change in the organization that will motivate employees. Which of the following steps in the comprehensive approach to change is illustrated in this scenario?

recognizing the need for change

When followers react favorably because they identify in some way with a leader, the leader is said to possess _____ power

referent

_____ power is primarily based on identification, imitation, loyalty, or charisma

referent

A _____ lists each important managerial position in an organization, who occupies it, how long he or she will probably remain in the position, and who is or will be qualified to fill it.

replacement chart

Zing Inc. is a large fashion brand that manufactures clothing and shoes. The top managers of Zing have decided to use the profits from its clothing outlets to invest in the shoes business. This scenario illustrates the _____ component of a strategy.

resource deployment

Johnson recently launched a new electronics store in Fremont. The store sells smartphones, laptops, and mobile accessories from companies like Apple, Samsung, Sony, and Philips. The store operates in the _____ industry.

retail

When a manager gives an employee several major assignments at once, thereby increasing the person's regular workload, the employee is most likely to experience

role overload

The _____ is the component of a strategy that specifies the range of markets in which an organization will compete.

scope

Jenny runs a small boutique in New Orleans and has five employees working under her. Lately, she has noticed that her boutique has not been delivering customer orders on time, and she has realized that it is because of the rise in the number of customers and insufficient manpower. She has decided to employ another five employees. Which step of the change process is illustrated in the scenario?

selection of an appropriate change technique

Adam is an administrative assistant who has moved to a different department within the same organization. While Adam's job title has not changed, some of his duties have. His new boss has bet with Adam to tell him what his responsibilities would be in this new position. This reflects the _____ role in the emergence of role structures

sent

Which of the following is considered to be a form of personal digital technology?

smart phone

A newcomer in an organization gradually begins to learn the company norms such as dress codes, working hours, and interpersonal relations. This process is known as

socialization

Fred has seen all the newest releases of war movies, and all of them were directed by women. Fred is a veteran, and he found these movies to be inaccurate. Fred now believes that female directors are not capable of making war movies. Fred's assumptions are an example of

stereotyping

Libra Technologies Inc. frequently asks its employees to measure such things as supervisor effectiveness. The company circulates various questionnaires among all its employees to get their insights. Which organization development is illustrated in this scenario?

survey feedback

What type of plan focuses primarily on people and action?

tactical

According to Fiedler, _____ is the degree to which the group's task is well defined

task structure

A theory of leadership which suggests that the appropriate style of leadership varies with situational favorableness is

the least preferred coworker theory

In general, while identifying alternatives, the more important the decision,

the more alternatives should be generated

Pat saw an advertisement for a job opening that she thought she might be suited for. She went to the company's website to look at the job description in order to find out the

tools, materials, and equipment she would have to use to perform the job

_____ leadership is the style of leadership that goes beyond ordinary expectations by transmitting a sense of mission, stimulating learning experiences, and inspiring new ways of thinking

transformational

A large technology firm has research centers in a number of countries. In order to reduce the cycle time of projects, team members in one city leave a list of "to-do" item son a shared web portal. These items are then picked up a few hours later by another team in a city separated by several time-zones. This organization is making use of

virtual teams