mgmt 3080 exam 2; 2020

An instrumentality represents an individual's belief that a particular outcome is contingent on accomplishing a specific level of performance. (t of f)

true

Sometimes, priests have to appear happy for a new couple at a wedding ceremony, even when they don't actually care. In order to look positive, some priests choose to think about positive events that recently happened in their life, so they feel genuinely happy at a wedding ceremony. This tactic for producing positive emotion can be described as:

Deep acting

Research shows that we tend to attribute strangers' success and failures to inherent, stable traits (e.g. personality, intelligence), while attributing family members' success and failures to specific contextual factors (e.g. luck, social relationships, other things happening in life). That we do causal attribution differently based on our familiarity with people is the premise of:

Fundamental attribution bias

Carol felt that, no matter how hard she tried, she could never catch up with her work. She had tried extra training and working harder, and the task list she had never got any shorter. She feel burned out and not energized at all. Carol's work load could be described as a _____ stressor.

Hindrance

In the job characteristics model, skill variety, task identity and task significance all lead to the critical psychological state that is _______.

Meaningfulness of work

Which of the following is likely a sign/symptom of groupthink in team decision making?

People with "unpopular" views feel pressured

Which of the following is one of the assumptions underlying nonrational models of decision making?

Rational decision making is a struggle.

______ is the positive or negative value people place on outcomes.

Valence

_____ is the extent to which a job enables an individual to experience freedom, independence, and discretion

autonomy

Eric is very introverted and has stage fright. As a result, he shies away from jobs that involve dealing with customers or speaking in public, and gets a technical job where he mostly works alone. Which of the following coping strategies does Eric use?

avoidance focused-coping

In groupthink, the illusion of unanimity is likely to

cause groups to interpret silence as assent *The groupthink symptom of illusion of unanimity is likely to cause groups to interpret silence as assent.

The career functions of the mentoring process that enhance career development include

challenging assignments

Jamie is in the process of writing her doctoral thesis. She gets frequent guidance and advice from her thesis advisor whom she considers a close friend as well as a mentor. Jamie frequently seeks the help and advice of another professor at the same time, who also closely oversees her work. In what stage of the mentoring process is Jamie working?

cultivation

______ justice is the perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed or allocated.

distributed

In the encounter phase of organizational socialization,

employees' values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like.

Amy has recently joined a new research institute. She had initially thought that her job would entail a lot of field work, which would allow her to gain some practical experience, but her manager just gives her a lot of paperwork instead. She is also learning to adjust to the strict dress code that the company enforces on all of its employees. Amy is in the _________ stage of the socialization process.

encounter

In the job characteristics model, the presence of skill variety, task identity, and task significance cause an employee to feel

experienced meaningfulness of the work.

Which of the following is not one of the psychosocial functions of mentoring?

exposure and visibility

Creativity involves only tacit, never explicit knowledge (t or f)

false

Evidence should never be used to make a decision, only to inform or support one. (t or f)

false

In the change and acquisition phase of organizational socialization, the newcomer's values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like. (t or f)

false

Job enlargement is the process of modifying a job to increase the opportunities to experience achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement. (t or f)

false

in the anchoring bias, the decision maker tends to assess the likelihood of an event based on impressions of similar events. (t or f)

false *The anchoring bias occurs when decision makers are influenced by the first information received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant.

The rational model of decision making explains how managers actually make decisions. (t or f)

false *The rational model of decision making explains how managers should make decisions.

People say optimists see a glass half full while pessimists see a glass half empty. This is an example of:

framing

In PhD programs, every student has a mentor with whom the student collaborates on research projects. This way, students can learn research skills by observing how experienced researchers work, and by conducting their own studies and getting feedback. This shows that mentoring builds _______.

human capital

The making of new mental connections regarding the creative task or problem at hand is represented in the _________ stage of the creative performance process.

idea generation

A big part of HR managers' jobs is to design pay structures that are motivating. A good pay structure often explicitly articulates level of performance needed to get a pay raise. This way, if employees hit a certain number of sales, or achieved a certain customer satisfaction rate, they know they will get a pay raise for sure. Such a pay structure provides strong ______ according to expectancy theory.

intrumentality

Which of the following is not an advantage of group decision making?

less pressure to confirm

The need for belonging is part of the need for

love

Troy starts a job right out of college. He feels lucky to have found a position in the financial industry. Troy knows that he needs help to form and maintain the lasting developmental relationships that will further his career. Troy should first establish a(n)

mentoring plan

A person will experience _______ when his or her outcome to input ratio is less than that of a relevant comparison person.

negative inequity

What of the following is NOT an assumption implied in the rational model of decision making?

none of the above *A. The problem is clear and unambiguous B. All available information on alternatives can be collected C. The alternatives (options) can be ranked according to clear, explicit and agreed upon criteria

Which of the following is most likely to help new employees learn tacit knowledge?

on the job mentoring

Sarah and her office mate Claire both got a pay raise recently. Despite the positive outcome, Sarah felt it wasn't fair for Claire to get the raise, as Claire didn't have a good performance review. She was sure Claire got the raise only because she was a close friend of their boss. In this case, Sarah is questioning the lack of _________ justice.

procedural

Which of the following is not one of the career functions of mentoring?

role modeling

After a year of mentoring, Andrew is starting his own bakery. He has listened to all of his mentor's advice, especially about developing networks. To help him out, his father's friend, who owns a supermarket, offers him a supply of flour and sugar at discount prices. Andrew's close friend, who is a real estate agent, gives him advice on how to get a large loft in the downtown area at a reasonable price. His mother, who has strong political ties in the community, uses her contacts with locals to spread the word about Andrew's new business. Andrew now possesses high level of _______ capital.

social

Ginger works bolting transmissions onto cars in an assembly line. She never gets to see the cars roll off the end of the line, and doesn't feel like her contribution is significant to the completion of the entire vehicle. What job characteristic is she low in?

task identity

Firefighters inevitably work in high-stress situations, and as a result, some firefighters get PTSD. To address this issue, fire departments offer support groups and employee assistance programs (EAPs) to help firefighters suffering from PTSD recover faster. This is an example of:

tertiary stress intervention

In Maslow's need hierarchy, the most basic need (and the one that must be met first) is physiological. (t or f)

true

Intensity pertains to the amount of effort being invested in an activity. (t or f)

true

To reduce groupthink, someone should be given the role of devil's advocate. ( t or f)

true *This person tries to uncover every conceivable negative factor.

Often, decision makers select the most readily available ideas or solutions. Therefore, they are advised to evaluate a broader set of alternatives. (t or f)

true *three key decision-making blunders: (1) rushing to judgment, (2) selecting readily available ideas or solutions, (3) making poor allocation of resources to study alternative solutions. Decision makers thus are encouraged to slow down when making decisions, to evaluate a broader set of alternatives, and to invest in studying a greater number of potential solutions.