MGMT 310 Exam 2

How does motivation relate to job performance and organizational commitment?

Motivation has a strong positive effect on job performance Less is known about motivation on OC

What kind of needs do people have, and which are most important?

?

What is motivation? What is motivation's relationship with engagement?

A set of energetic forces that determine the direction, intensity, and persistence of an employees work effort.

What is expectancy theory?

A theory that describes cognitive process employees go through to make choices among different voluntary

What are the four beliefs that help foster psychological empowerment?

meaningfulness, self determination, competence, and impact

What is expectancy

the belief that exerting a high level of effort will result in successful performance n some task

What is instrumentality?

the belief that successful performance will result in the attainment of some outcomes

What is equity theory?

Acknowledges that motivation doesnt just depend on your own beliefs and circumstances but also on what happens to other people.

What role does self-efficacy play in expectancy theory? What influences self-efficacy?

Employees who feel more efficacious for a task will tend to perceive higher levels of expectancy and be more likely to choose to exert higher levels of effort Past accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal permission, and emotional cues influence self efficacy

What are the three possible outcomes of when comparisons are made? How do these comparisons affect employees' motivation?

Equity- no actions needed Under-rewarded Inequity- grow outcomes by talking to boss or stealing, shrink inputs by lowering effort Over-rewarded Equity- shrink your outputs, grow inputs through higher quality of work

What steps can organizations take to increase employee motivation at the individual-, unit-, and organization-level? Specifically, how do different forms of compensation and recognition affect motivation?

Merit pay and profit sharing ?

How do the three beliefs work together?

Motivational force to perform a given action can be determined by the three beliefs

What are SMART goals?

Stands for beneficial goal standards such as Specific, Measurable, Achieve-able, Results-Based, and Time Sensitive.

What is trust, and how does it relate to justice and ethics?

Trust is defined as the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the trustees actions and intentions when employees perceive high levels of justice,

How does goal commitment affect motivation? Feedback? Task complexity? How important is employee participation in goal setting?

When goal commitment is low, the effects become much weaker. When it is high, assigning specific and difficult goals will have significant benefits for task performance. This is why it is important for employee participation in goal setting so employers can figure out how to best foster commitment when assigning goals.

What makes an outcome have high valence?

When outcomes are deemed more attractive when they help satisfy needs

What is psychological empowerment?

an energy rooted in the belief that work tasks contribute to some larger purpose

What are the three beliefs that help determine how work effort is directed?

expectancy, instrumentality, valence

How do they relate (intrinsic/extrinsic) to different work-related outcomes?

extrinsic is pay, bonuses, promotions, etc. intrinsic is enjoyment interestingness, accomplishments, etc. together they represent an employees total motivation level

What do we know about intrinsic/extrinsic sources of motivation in organizations?

extrinsic- motivation that is controlled by some contingency that depends on task performance intrinsic- motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own reward

What do we mean by inputs and outputs for equity theory?

inputs- contributions and investments they put into job duties. outputs- rewards you get from job duties These two things create a comparison between the employee and other people

What role do needs play in expectancy theory?

needs influence performance

What is self-efficacy?

self efficacy is the belief that a person has the capabilities needed to perform the behaviors required on some task

What are the two qualities that make goals strong predictors of task performance?

specific and difficult goals?

What is valence?

the anticipates value of the outcomes associated with successful performance