MGMT 3123 Chapter Quizzes

temporal

(Ch. 1) Test-retest reliability can provide a measure of _____ consistency for test scores. internal temporal equivalence

Anchoring

(Ch. 11) In the _________ bias, a decision maker is influenced by the first information received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant. Confirmation Availability Representativeness Anchoring Framing

speed up the decision-making process.

(Ch. 11) One of the benefits of using intuition to make decisions is that it can be useful when you have unlimited resources. speed up the decision-making process. help managers understand all of the highly desirable conditions. slow down the decision-making process so you don't make a mistake.

Bounded rationality

(Ch. 11) ______ is the idea that decision makers are restricted by constraints when making decisions. Normative intuition Holistic intuition Bounded rationality Explicit knowledge

business and strategic skills.

(Ch. 13) Daniel has been promoted three times. As he moves up in the organization, he will increasingly need cognitive abilities. interpersonal skills. business and strategic skills.

True

(Ch. 13) Effective leadership is influenced not only by leadership behavior, but also task-oriented traits and interpersonal attributes (T/F).

Frank refrains from engaging in self-serving behaviors that hurt others and focuses on increased service to others rather than to himself.

(Ch. 13) Frank is the manager for a grocery store. He supervises 18 workers who perform service and clerical work that requires minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Frank is following the servant-leadership model of leadership? Frank seeks to develop leadership in others and focuses on objectives that surpass the immediate needs of the group. Frank sets goals, monitors progress toward goal achievement, and rewards and punishes people for their level of goal accomplishment. Frank refrains from engaging in self-serving behaviors that hurt others and focuses on increased service to others rather than to himself.

relationships with followers

(Ch. 13) Leader-member exchange theory focuses on the leader's traits behavior vision relationships with followers

cognitive abilities.

(Ch. 13) To derive effective solutions in short time spans with limited information, leaders primarily need cognitive abilities. emotional intelligence. interpersonal skills. strategic skills.

interaction-facilitation

(Ch. 13) When a leader is resolving disputes and facilitating communication among subordinates, he or she is engaging in ________ behaviors. interaction-facilitation supportive value-based achievement-oriented path-goal clarifying

narcissism

(Ch. 13) Which of the following interpersonal traits has research shown to have a negative relationship with leadership effectiveness? communication skills emotional intelligence narcissism emotional stability

Laissez-Faire

(Ch. 13) _______ leadership is an example of passive leadership. Defensive Transactional Laissez-Faire Transformational

True

(Ch. 9) Recent research has shown that employees' use of social media is related to increased job satisfaction, performance, and retention (T/F).

validity

(Ch. 1) From a test and measurement perspective, the extent to which a researcher is actually measuring what she/he intends to measure is referred to as: reliability. measurement accuracy. validity.

high reliability and low validity.

(Ch. 1) The use of a polygraph to measure lying is: high reliability and high validity. low reliability and high validity. high reliability and low validity.

Standard deviation

(Ch. 1) Which of the following describes dispersion or variability in a set of scores? Standard deviation Mean Mode

True

(Ch. 11) Intuitive processes are influenced by both expertise and feelings (T/F).

psychological safety.

(Ch. 4) Jay works for ABC Corporation. He feels quite comfortable expressing his opinions about a wide variety of issues facing the company without fear of reprisal. This reflects ABC's: diversity climate. affirmative action programs. psychological safety. organizational citizenship.

stereotype.

(Ch. 4) Joyce finds that the members of the project team to which she has been promoted are all middle-aged men. Joyce wonders if she, a young new graduate from a local university, will be taken seriously. Joyce is likely to be reacting to a negativity bias. stereotype. self-serving bias.

context of interaction.

(Ch. 4) Norah and Katy work together. They are also friends outside of work. Norah and Katy are constantly texting each other. Their supervisor comments that, while this might be fine outside of work, it's inappropriate to constantly text each other in the office. This is an example of implicit cognition. collaboration. context of interaction. culture and consistency.

Fundamental Attribution Error

(Ch. 4) Samantha assumes that someone experiencing poverty simply refuses to work hard enough to make a living. Which of the following does this describe? Self-serving bias Person perception Fundamental attribution error Consensus

True

(Ch. 5) Intensity pertains to the amount of effort being invested in an activity (T/F).

A formal group is assigned by an organization or its managers to accomplish specific goals.

(Ch. 8) What is the difference between formal and informal groups? Informal teams get together socially; formal teams do not. The purpose of a formal group is for friends to get together at a regularly schedule time. An informal group is assigned by an organization or its managers to accomplish a specific purpose. A formal group is assigned by an organization or its managers to accomplish specific goals.

Social loafing

(Ch. 8) When some group members try to avoid responsibility and allow others to do the work of the group, they are displaying: Social loafing Deindividuation Social facilitation

Conformity

(Ch. 8) Which of the following explains why humans tend to do what everyone else is doing? Obedience to authority Conformity Social loafing

satisfy the person's need or affiliation

(Ch. 8) Which of the following is an individual function of a group? coordinate interdepartmental efforts implement complex decisions socialize newcomers satisfy the person's need or affiliation

False

(Ch. 9) "Your assignments are always late" is an example of good feedback (T/F).

an individual's ability to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context.

(Ch. 9) Communication competence is the ability of a person to choose the right medium. sensitivity to media richness. an individual's ability to interpret nonverbal communication. an individual's ability to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context.

True

(Ch. 9) Communication competence is a performance-based index of an individual's abilities to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context (T/F).

less efficient

(Ch. 11) Multitaskers end up switching tasks hundreds of times a day. This makes them ______ in their work environment. more efficient more intelligent good problem solvers less efficient more responsible

generate alternative solutions.

(Ch. 11) Nicole is a manager at a fast food restaurant. She is under a lot of pressure from headquarters to increase her monthly profits. Nicole isn't sure what the solution is for her financial dilemma. She decides to use the rational decision-making model to determine the best path for a solution. The problem has already been defined by headquarters. Now Nicole has to generate alternative solutions. evaluate the alternative solutions. implement the corporate solution. evaluate the solution.

Availability heuristic

(Ch. 11) State lottery officials send residents a facsimile of a winning check for over $95 million to encourage the residents to imagine themselves as possible winners. The lottery promoters are most clearly exploiting the influence of: Availability heuristic Representativeness heuristic Framing effect

Overconfidence

(Ch. 11) Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates: Framing effect Confirmation Bias Overconfidence Functional Fixedness

Confirmation Bias

(Ch. 11) Which of the following best explains why business managers are more likely to track the career achievements of employees they once hired than the achievements of employees they once rejected for a job? Functional Fixedness Representativeness heuristic Confirmation Bias

We ignore relevant information

(Ch. 11) Which of the following is a potential disadvantage associated with the use of representativeness heuristics? We ignore relevant information Vivid events are not always common The risk of judging objects only in terms of their functional utility

Heuristics

(Ch. 11) Which of the following methods of problem solving is the most likely to result in errors? Algorithms Heuristics Insight

Optimizing

(Ch. 11) ________ is solving problems by producing the best possible solution. Satisficing Optimizing Using intuition

psychological contract.

(Ch. 2) Donna works as a project manager for a major consumer products firm. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. Janice's beliefs represent a(n) employment contract. high normative commitment. high affective commitment. psychological contract.

behavior; intentions

(Ch. 2) Personal attitudes affect _______ via ______. behavior; values behavior; intentions values; behavior values; intentions

True

(Ch. 2) Research has found that some aspects of an individual's disposition are significantly associated with some aspects of job satisfaction, such as having autonomy or receipt of rewards (T/F).

high respect, commitment, and acceptance.

(Ch. 2) Roger, a manager, knows that one of his employees values conformity and tradition. Roger should assign the employee to a job that includes high social value. high security. high respect, commitment, and acceptance. high control over others.

equity

(Ch. 2) The _____ model suggests that managers should monitor employees' perceptions of fairness. met expectations need fulfillment equity value attainment

True

(Ch. 2) Values tend to vary across generations because they are influenced by events in childhood and youth. For example, some parents lived through the Depression, and this experience led them to take fewer risks in terms of their investments (T/F).

CWB.

(Ch. 2) When Harry has a perceived conflict with a co-worker, he will send them e-mails that are taunting or insulting. This is an example of OCB. COW. CWB. POS

pay

(Ch. 2) Which of the following contributes least to employee engagement in North America? career opportunities the organization's reputation recognition pay

Onboarding

(Ch. 2) ______ programs help employees to integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs. Incoming Onboarding Involvement Sink-or-swim

Organizational commitment

(Ch. 2) ________ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals. Perceived organizational support Organizational commitment Organizational satisfaction Job involvement

General mental ability

(Ch. 3) All other things equal, which of the following individual differences is the best predictor of job performance? Physical abilities General mental ability Personality

Reasoning ability

(Ch. 3) Assume that Andre has a special ability to sense and solve problems using insight, rules, and logic. Which of the following types of ability would you use to describe Andre's talent? Spatial ability Reasoning ability Perceptual ability

External

(Ch. 3) Assume that the CEO of a explains declining company performance on bad media coverage and government regulations which are expensive and burdensome. You might conclude that this CEO has a ___________________ of control. Internal External

Change your interpretation of what you see and here

(Ch. 3) Which of the following is the most effective method of controlling your negative emotions? Take medication Change your interpretation of what you see and here Mask your emotions

Prior experience

(Ch. 3) Which of the following is the strongest predictor (or determinant) of self-efficacy? Emotional stability Peer group Prior experience

Neuroticism

(Ch. 3) Which of the following personality traits is marked by instability, insecurity, and depression? Agreeableness Neuroticism Conscientiousness Openness

Extraversion

(Ch. 3) Which of the following personality variables is marked by being gregarious, outgoing, and comfortable in social situations? Extraversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness

Conscientiousness

(Ch. 3) Which of the following personality variables is most strongly related to job performance? Agreeableness Openness to experience Conscientiousness

Self-efficacy

(Ch. 3) Which of the following refers to your belief in your ability to succeed? Locus of control Emotional stability Self-efficacy

Fundamental attribution error

(Ch. 3) Which of the following would explain Elana's perception that the unemployed are lazy and do not really want to work full time? Fundamental attribution error External locus of control Extrinsic motivation Self-awareness

False

(Ch. 4) "Men have a more difficult time empathizing with others." This statement is: (T/F).

self-serving bias.

(Ch. 4) Sierra receives a compliment on her class presentation and attributes her success to his diligent preparation. Antwan received a poor grade and blames it on his adding the class late and missing a few early classes. These are examples of: self-serving bias. fundamental attribution error. implicit cognition. person-perception

Assimilation

(Ch. 4) What form of diversity management is an organization adopting when it assumes that all diverse people will learn to fit in or become like the dominant group? Assimilation Building relationships Toleration isolation

Selection of equal candidates

(Ch. 4) Which of the following employment selection decisions best characterizes affirmative action? Selection of equal candidates Selection of comparable candidates Selection of unequal candidates Selection of unqualified candidates

True

(Ch. 4) With self-serving bias, employees attribute their success to internal factors and their failures to external factors. (T/F).

Demographics

(Ch. 4) _______ are the statistical measurements of populations and their qualities (such as age, race, gender, or income) over time. Demographics Personal habits Traits Affirmative actions

negative inequity

(Ch. 5) A person will experience _______ when his or her outcome to input ratio is less than that of a relevant comparison person. positive inequity negative inequity positive equity negative equity

unpredictable number of responses have been made.

(Ch. 5) A variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n): unpredictable time period has elapsed. specified number of responses have been made. unpredictable number of responses have been made.

feedback.

(Ch. 5) In the job characteristics model, the degree to which a person receives clear information about performance effectiveness is: task significance. task identity. autonomy. feedback.

experienced meaningfulness of the work.

(Ch. 5) In the job characteristics model, the presence of skill variety, task identity, and task significance cause an employee to feel knowledge of the actual results of the work activities. experienced meaningfulness of the work. high growth satisfaction. responsibility for the outcomes of the work.

True

(Ch. 5) Job crafting may involve changing task boundaries, the relational nature of a job, or cognitions about the job (T/F).

outcome fairness

(Ch. 5) People's perception of is their judgment that they were adequately compensated for the consequences of their actions. distributive justice outcome fairness procedural justice

intrinsic motivation.

(Ch. 5) Samuel absolutely loves being a college professor because he is good at teaching and enjoys research even though he would make more money working in the private sector as an engineer. His choice to be a college professor is best explained by: extrinsic motivation. intrinsic motivation. job satisfaction. organizational citizenship behavior.

Persistence

(Ch. 5) Which of the following refers to how long we focus on an activity? Persistence Direction Intensity

Autonomy

(Ch. 5) _____ is the extent to which a job enables an individual to experience freedom, independence, and discretion. Task variety Task identity Autonomy Experienced responsibility

strengthen

(Ch. 6) A negative reinforcer tends to the behavior it follows. eliminate strengthen

True

(Ch. 6) In 360-degree feedback, individuals compare perceptions of their own performance with information from their manager, subordinates, and peers (T/F).

performance

(Ch. 6) Jack set himself a goal of shooting a 79 or better on his local golf course before the end of spring. This is a ________ goal. learning procedural performance

letting the employee voice his/her opinion and discuss performance goals.

(Ch. 6) Managers can improve employee satisfaction with the feedback process by: keeping the feedback session short and concentrating on only the positive. holding the feedback session in the employee's office. letting the employee voice his/her opinion and discuss performance goals.

360-degree performance appraisals

(Ch. 6) The type of performance measurement system where a company assembles performance data on an individual from most or all of his/her contacts within and outside the company is known as: behavioral observation scales. management by objectives. 360-degree performance appraisals

task

(Ch. 6) What kind of goal is best for jobs that are dynamic, but in which nearer-term activities and milestones can be defined? behavioral objective task learning

Similar-to-me

(Ch. 6) Which of the following rater errors is made when people give higher evaluation to individuals who they consider akin to themselves? Selective Distributional Halo Similar-to-me

Halo

(Ch. 6) Which of the following rater errors leads employees to believe that no aspects of their performance need improvement? Contrast Halo Similar-to-me

Organizational citizenship behaviors

(Ch. 6) Which of the following types of performance is characterized by assisting coworkers, having a positive attitude, and representing the company in a positive way outside of work? Task performance Counterproductive behaviors Organizational citizenship behaviors

behaviorally anchored rating scales.

(Ch. 6) Which of the following types of performance measurement is more reliable, valid, and provides more useful feedback to employees? behaviorally anchored rating scales. graphic rating scales. forced distribution scales.

organizational; individual

(Ch. 8) Formal groups perform two basic functions: __________ and __________. personal; interpersonal organizational; individual task; maintenance roles; norms

group members will ignore or minimize evidence that challenges positions they already hold.

(Ch. 8) Group polarization research suggests that: group members will ignore or minimize evidence that challenges positions they already hold. within any group there will always be members who are for and members who are against the group position. groups unconsciously divide into two opposing sides.

teamwork.

(Ch. 8) In a study of executives from 300 companies, the most desirable soft skill named was interpersonal skills. social skills. managerial skills. teamwork. functional knowledge of business.

Norming

(Ch. 8) In what stage of the group development process are group standards developed? Storming Norming Forming

committed, collaborative, and competent.

(Ch. 8) Norman is elected president of the debate club. He is known as a team player. That means that Norman is committed, collaborative, and competent. committed, controlled, and collaborative. controlled, capable, and content. committed, capable, and competent. committed, capable, and consistent.

False

(Ch. 8) Norms only emerge on their own in group situations; they are not consciously formed (T/F).

feedback.

(Ch. 9) Rebecca e-mailed a wedding invitation to her cousin Shawn. A few days later, she got a reply saying that he can't make it to the wedding because he will not be able to get any vacation. In the communication process, Shawn's reply is an example of noise. feedback. encoding. decoding. decoding.

Theory

(Ch. 1) Which of the following is defined as a way to organize our thoughts around a phenomenon of interest to explain "why" that phenomenon occurs? Scientific method Correlation Theory Openness

Critical thinking

(Ch. 1) Which of the following is the most accurate method of making sense of the world around us? Common sense Trust your gut Critical thinking Politicians

Mode

(Ch. 1) Which of the following refers to the most often occurring score in a distribution? Mean Median Mode

-0.56

(Ch. 1) Which of the following represents the strongest correlation between two variables? -0.56 0.00 0.44

Alternate-form

(Ch. 1) Which of the following types of reliability calls for more than one test administration? Alternate-form Coefficient alpha Inter-rater

Criterion

(Ch. 1) Which of the following types of validity is concerned with predicting scores on some outcome? Content Criterion

work-life balance.

(Ch. 10) Ellen and George work for the same company. Ellen, a Gen Xer, really appreciates the flextime opportunities, while George, a baby boomer, takes advantage of the free computer training offered at the company. These policies are examples of family-support philosophy. work-life balance. intergroup conflict.

True

(Ch. 10) Functional conflict is also known as constructive or cooperative conflict (T/F).

dominating

(Ch. 10) If a speedy decision is needed, the _______ conflict handling style is appropriate. integrating obliging avoiding dominating compromising

conflict

(Ch. 10) In ________, one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party. negotiation devil's advocacy conflict integration mediation

False

(Ch. 10) Managers wishing to reduce conflict between members and groups should isolate them from each other as much as possible (T/F).

facilitator.

(Ch. 10) Roger manages both Bill and Nancy. They are in an argument about who should handle a particular job. Roger encourages them to deal directly with each other in a positive and constructive manner. Roger is acting as a(n) facilitator. arbitrator. ombudsman. conciliator. negotiator.

We give our unspoken approval

(Ch. 10) What is the primary cost of using 'silence' as a method of managing conflict? We become hypocritical We give our unspoken approval We can expect some form of retaliation

integrating

(Ch. 10) When issues are complex, better solutions are needed, commitment is needed, and time is available, the ________ conflict handling style is appropriate. dominating obliging integrating avoiding

competition for limited resources

(Ch. 10) Which of the following situations is most likely to result in conflict? clear job boundaries independent tasks competition for limited resources realistic expectations

Organizations can suffer from too little conflict.

(Ch. 10) Which of the following statements about conflict is true? Conflict should be completely eliminated across the organization. Conflict should be encouraged in some departments and discouraged in others. Use of technology and virtual teams can minimize conflict. Organizations can suffer from too little conflict.

Belief Perseverance

(Ch. 11) Despite being convicted on 25 counts of racketeering, conspiracy, and extortion charges related to awarding state river boat casino licences to local businessmen, Governor Randolph continues to receive widespread support from some of her loyal constituents. Which of the following best explains the reactions of Governor Randolph's supporters? Confirmation Bias Availability Heuristic Representativeness heuristic Belief Perseverance

face-to-face conversation

(Ch. 9) Sharon is the Director of Human Resources at a company that is undergoing a merger with another organization. As a result of the merger, a portion of the combined workforce will be laid off. Sharon understands that even with a lucrative severance package, the news will adversely affect the lives of these employees. Therefore, she wants to break the news to them in a sensitive manner so as to maintain the company's image. Which of the following is the most appropriate communication medium to use in this situation? face-to-face conversation voice mail personal e-mail memo letter

We miss or lose some of what we hear.

(Ch. 9) We have the cognitive capacity to process words at a much higher rate than people speak. Which of the following can result from this? We can hear and analyze at the same time. We can hear and analyze at the same time. We do not need to pay attention to nonverbal cues. We can anticipate what the person will say next. We miss or lose some of what we hear.

providing feedback.

(Ch. 9) When a receiver expresses a reaction to the sender's message, he or she is decoding. encoding. providing feedback. providing noise. understanding.

Crucial conversations

(Ch. 9) _________ are discussions between two or more people where the stakes are high, opinions vary, and emotions run strong. Critical incidents Crucial conversations TED presentations Defensive communications Social dilemmas

Defensiveness

(Ch. 9) _________ occurs when people perceive that they are being attacked or threatened. Offensiveness Assertiveness Aggression Defensiveness Passivity