MGMT 320 - Exam #2

What is motivation?

the direction and intensity of effort

What are the four main types of work stressors?

work hinderance, work challenge, nonwork hinderance, nonwork challenge

What are mood and emotions, and what specific forms do they take?

A temporary state of feeling and a more intense state of feeling. The former lasts longer than the latter

What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?

-assess the level of stress in the workplace -reducing stressors -providing resources -reducing strains

What steps can organizations take to increase employee motivation?

Organizations use compensation practices to increase motivation. Those practices may include individual-focused elements (piece-rate, merit pay, lump sum bonuses, recognition awards), unit-focused elements (gainsharing), or organization-focused elements (profit sharing).

What specific facets do employees consider when evaluating their job satisfaction?

Pay satisfaction, promotion satisfaction, supervision satisfaction, co-worker satisfaction, satisfaction with the work itself

How does job satisfaction affect job performance and organizational commitment? How does it affect life satisfaction?

People feel better about their lives when they feel better about their jobs.

How is job satisfaction affected by day-to-day events?

Rises and falls in job satisfaction are triggered by positive and negative events that are experienced

What are values, and how do they affect job satisfaction?

Things that people consciously or subconsciously want to seek or attain. Difference between wants and haves creates dissatisfaction

Which job characteristics can create a sense of satisfaction with the work itself?

Variety Identity Significance Autonomy Feedback

How do individual people cope with stress?

behavioral coping, cognitive coping, problem-focused coping, emotion focused coping

What three beliefs help determine work effort, according to expectancy theory?

effort is directed toward behaviors when effort is believed to result in performance (expectancy) v performance is believed to result in outcomes (instrumentality) and those outcomes are anticipated to be valuable (valance).

What steps can organizations take to assess and manage job satisfaction?

focus groups, interviews and attitude surveys (the most accurate)

What two qualities make goals strong predicators of task performance, according to goal setting theory?

goals become strong drivers of motivation and performance when they are difficult and specific. Specific and difficult goals affect performance by increasing self-set goals and task strategies. Those effects occur more frequently when employees are given feedback, tasks are not too complex, and goal commitment is high.

How does stress affect job performance and organizational commitment?

hinderance and challenger stressors have varying negative/moderate relationships with job performance and organizational commitment.

What is psychological empowerment, and what four beliefs determine empowerment levels?

reflects an energy rooted in the belief that tasks are contributing to some larger purpose. Psychological empowerment is fostered when: -work goals appeal to employees' passions (meaningfulness), -employees have a sense of choice regarding work tasks (self-determination), -employees feel capable of performing successfully (competence), and -employees feel they are making progress toward fulfilling their purpose (impact).

How does the Type A Behavior Pattern influence the stress process?

since Type A people tend to be more aggressive, impatient, stronger sense of time urgency, controlling, and hostile, it can influence stressors, stress and strains. it has also been linked to physical problems such as coronary heart disease

How does motivation affect job performance and organizational commitment?

strong positive relationship with job performance and a moderate positive relationship with organizational commitment. Of all the energetic forces subsumed by motivation, self-efficacy/competence has the strongest relationship with performance and commitment.

What is job satisfaction?

a pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experiences

What is stress, and how is it related to stressors and strains?

A psychological response to demands that possess certain stakes for the person and that tax or exceed the person's capacity or resources. stressors are what causes stress and strains are the negative consequences that occur